6 20 5655 https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/2617b2d2c60658d2db75d29f3ca3776d.pdf b540b3e9176a268b99f43f6c7963710c PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hector Humphreys Papers Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Description An account of the resource The Hector Humphreys papers include letters, sermons, a commencement speech, and a manual for farmers. Series I contains letters written to Humphreys between 1821-1856. Correspondents include students and colleagues from Yale and Washington College, religious colleagues, and a letter from his niece, Adeline C. Griswold. Humphreys also corresponded with Denison Olmsted, a professor at Yale, about a scientific apparatus, demonstrating Humphreys's interest in science and his search for materials to improve St. John's science program. Series II contains Humphreys's sermons, an 1852 St. John's College commencement speech, and a manual for farmers on the chemistry of soil and manure. All items are hand-written and bound, and illustrations of soldiers or other men are pasted on the front cover of the sermons and commencement speech. The sermons were given in churches around Annapolis and Eastport such as St. Anne's Episcopal Church, All Hallows Church, St. Margaret's Church, and the Naval Academy. For more information about this collection, see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/16">finding aid</a>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 5 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters from James G. Percival to Hector Humphreys Description An account of the resource Letters from James G. Percival to Hector Humphreys. 22 November 1822-10 February 1835. Percival was a poet and scholar, and he writes to Humphreys about his economic state. A note from Humphreys is written on the back of one of the letters. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Percival, James Gates, 1795-1856 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York Boston, MA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1822-11-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 1835-02-10 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hector Humphreys papers Subject The topic of the resource Poetry Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Humphreys, Hector, 1797-1857 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM_001_003 Hector Humphreys Poetry https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/6aacf030c4381fbab3cdd2943fe35302.pdf 38b5a67f921339e2a5cb8b273922d8a6 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hector Humphreys Papers Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Description An account of the resource The Hector Humphreys papers include letters, sermons, a commencement speech, and a manual for farmers. Series I contains letters written to Humphreys between 1821-1856. Correspondents include students and colleagues from Yale and Washington College, religious colleagues, and a letter from his niece, Adeline C. Griswold. Humphreys also corresponded with Denison Olmsted, a professor at Yale, about a scientific apparatus, demonstrating Humphreys's interest in science and his search for materials to improve St. John's science program. Series II contains Humphreys's sermons, an 1852 St. John's College commencement speech, and a manual for farmers on the chemistry of soil and manure. All items are hand-written and bound, and illustrations of soldiers or other men are pasted on the front cover of the sermons and commencement speech. The sermons were given in churches around Annapolis and Eastport such as St. Anne's Episcopal Church, All Hallows Church, St. Margaret's Church, and the Naval Academy. For more information about this collection, see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/16">finding aid</a>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 6 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters from Orlando Hutton to Hector Humphreys Description An account of the resource Letters from Orlando Hutton to Hector Humphreys. 10 January 1822-5 May 1836. Hutton, a father at a seminary, writes about his life at seminary, including classes, students, and administration. He also mentions Hector Humphreys's success as president at St. John's College. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hutton, O. (Orlando) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1822-01-10 1836-05-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hector Humphreys papers Subject The topic of the resource St. John's College (Annapolis, Md.) Theology Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hector Humphreys Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM_001_002 Christianity Hector Humphreys St. John's College https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/239b4fd6ff36641396d50c037cffa7fd.pdf 51c756d0fecc52016d96277d8fcf6ffd PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from William Plumer to Hector Humphreys Description An account of the resource Letter from William Plumer to Hector Humphreys. 5 July 1821. Plumer responds to Humphreys's request for a copy of the first constitution of New Hampshire, and he provides information about the history of the New Hamphsire constitution. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Epping, New Hampshire Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1821-07-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hector Humphreys papers Subject The topic of the resource New Hampshire Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plumer, William, Jr., 1789-1854 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Humphreys, Hector, 1797-1857 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM_001_001 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hector Humphreys Papers Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Description An account of the resource The Hector Humphreys papers include letters, sermons, a commencement speech, and a manual for farmers. Series I contains letters written to Humphreys between 1821-1856. Correspondents include students and colleagues from Yale and Washington College, religious colleagues, and a letter from his niece, Adeline C. Griswold. Humphreys also corresponded with Denison Olmsted, a professor at Yale, about a scientific apparatus, demonstrating Humphreys's interest in science and his search for materials to improve St. John's science program. Series II contains Humphreys's sermons, an 1852 St. John's College commencement speech, and a manual for farmers on the chemistry of soil and manure. All items are hand-written and bound, and illustrations of soldiers or other men are pasted on the front cover of the sermons and commencement speech. The sermons were given in churches around Annapolis and Eastport such as St. Anne's Episcopal Church, All Hallows Church, St. Margaret's Church, and the Naval Academy. For more information about this collection, see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/16">finding aid</a>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 3 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from William Plumer to Hector Humphreys Description An account of the resource Letter from William Plumer to Hector Humphreys. 5 July 1821. Plumer responds to Humphreys's request for a copy of the first constitution of New Hampshire, and he provides information about the history of the New Hamphsire constitution. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Plumer, William, Jr., 1789-1854 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Epping, New Hampshire Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1821-07-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hector Humphreys papers Subject The topic of the resource New Hampshire Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Humphreys, Hector, 1797-1857 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HUM_001_001 Hector Humphreys New Hampshire https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/d00787df1d02ff1a9b6f39c6cb3f919e.mp3 7d980e145c65feb7817754ec5fad3a6b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. Click on <a title="Formal Lecture Series" href="https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=5&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&sort_dir=d">Items in the St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Collection</a> to view and sort all items in the collection. A growing number of lecture recordings are also available on the St. John's College (Annapolis) Lectures podcast. Visit <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/st-johns-college-annapolis-lectures/id1695157772">Apple Podcasts</a> or <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6GDsIRqC8SWZ28AY72BsYM?si=f2ecfa9e247a456f" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to listen and subscribe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data audiocassette Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:11:43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Is Knowledge True Opinion with a Logos? Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture delivered on January 17, 1986, by Annapolis tutor Stewart Umphrey as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Umphrey, Stewart, 1942- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-01-17 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound recording Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Plato. Theaetetus Knowledge, Theory of Philosophy, Ancient Plato Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tape 605 Friday night lecture Tutors https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/164921526a5b1b5b74b1819c9682343e.mp3 a821fe95dfd4dd7b945fd98f4cc1c13f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. Click on <a title="Formal Lecture Series" href="https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=5&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&sort_dir=d">Items in the St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Collection</a> to view and sort all items in the collection. A growing number of lecture recordings are also available on the St. John's College (Annapolis) Lectures podcast. Visit <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/st-johns-college-annapolis-lectures/id1695157772">Apple Podcasts</a> or <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6GDsIRqC8SWZ28AY72BsYM?si=f2ecfa9e247a456f" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to listen and subscribe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data audiocassette Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 53:41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Storytelling and Philosophy: The Ring of Gyges Description An account of the resource Recording of a lecture delivered on November 8, 2002, by Jacob Howland as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Howland, Jacob Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-11-08 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound recording Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Plato. Republic Gyges, King of Lydia, -approximately 648 B.C. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tape 45 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/61b7661fd9ac0c2ac84419c015ecffc0.pdf 0eba8d725e97e8b772df501d9a40f824 PDF Text Text Washington Tuesday April 11. -43 Your letter, dear sister, I was delighted to recieve and thank you a thousand times for enclosing the letter from dear father to you. it comforted me and I hope improved me much, though sometimes I feel hopeless of ever meeting father in heaven, yet the hope I have at times, and the comfortable assurance that our Savior has given us "my grace is sufficient for thee," is to me the greatest consolation. For without his grace I know and feel that the temptations that surround me will overcome me, but I try to place all my trust in him, to ask him to give me his holy spirit, and strength to follow its promptings. It is a great power of comfort to me that dear father, before he died, knew that I intended devoting myself to God, and I have two most beautiful letters, which I prize more than I can tell you, from him on that subject. I will show you them when we meet. and now I have I know something to tell you which will give you great pleasure. Mr. Howard came from Baltimore yesterda Saturday and brought me a letter from Ellen, in which she tells me she is going to be confirmed and wants me to come and be confirmed with her. I will do it most gladly and I hope with more devotion and thankfulness give myself to God for this great blessing and mercy to me. The Bishop was sick and did not come this sunday I told you he was expected, and now I am going to be confirmed with Ellen. I know dear sister this will give you the greatest pleasure. oh pray that God may keep us his through all the trials dangers and temptations of the world and at last bring us all to meet with father and each other in Heaven. - it is so dark I can hardly see, and my eyes hurt me and I must stop. - I send you back the letter as Mother thinks in Ellens weak state it might agitate her too much to see it, and I am afraid to keep it till she can, for fear as we are moving about so much it might get lost. - Ellen is better, her chills are not so violent. - Mother joins me in best love to Mr. Turner and the children and believe me ever your fond sister Alice Key. [cancellation] Washington D.C. Apr 12 Mrs Daniel Turner Woodly near Warenton North Carolina �� https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/5759821e15c86d2c65d683cda79390cc.pdf 251284c4abd08a5ed2633c282dcda687 PDF Text Text 1 Washington Tuesday April 11. -43 Your letter, dear sister, I was delighted to recieve and thank you a thousand times for enclosing the letter from dear father to you. it comforted me and I hope improved me much, though sometimes I feel hopeless of ever meeting father in heaven, yet the hope I have at times, and the comfortable assurance that our Savior has given us ”my grace is suﬀicient for thee,” is to me the greatest consolation. For without his grace I know and feel that the temptations that surround me will overcome me, but I try to place all my trust in him, to ask him to give me his holy spirit, and strength to follow its promptings. It is a great power of comfort to me that dear father, before he died, knew that I intended devoting myself to God, and I have two most beautiful letters, which I prize more than I can tell you, from him on that subject. I will show you them when we meet. and now I have I know something to tell you which will give you great pleasure. Mr. Howard came from Baltimore yesterda Saturday and brought me a letter from Ellen, in which 2 she tells me she is going to be confirmed and wants me to come and be confirmed with her. I will do it most gladly and I hope with more devotion and thankfulness give myself to God for this great blessing and mercy to me. The Bishop was sick and did not come this sunday I told you he was expected, and now I am going to be confirmed w ith E llen. I k now d ear s ister t his w ill g ive y ou t he greatest pleasure. oh pray that God may keep us his through all the trials dangers and temptations of the world and at last bring us all to meet with father and each other in Heaven. - it is so dark I can hardly see, and my eyes hurt me and I must stop. - I send you back the letter as Mother thinks in Ellens weak state it might agitate her too much to see it, and I am afraid to keep it till she can, for fear as we are moving about so much it might get lost. - Ellen is better, her chills are not so violent. - Mother joins me in best love to Mr. Turner and the children and believe me ever your fond sister Alice Key. 3 [cancellation] Washington D.C. Apr 12 Mrs Daniel Turner Woodly near Warenton North Carolina �This document would not be possible without the editorial contributions of the following people: Whitney Bixby � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Description An account of the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records contain correspondence, publications, and administrative and financial records relating to the Society, Francis Scott Key, and St. John's College. Many of the records involve compiling a genealogical record and address list of members of the Society, but the records also document Francis Scott Key's history and his influence on American society and St. John's College. For more information about the records, please see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/9">finding aid</a>. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 2 Text Any textual data included in the document Washington Tuesday April 11. -43 Your letter, dear sister, I was delighted to recieve and thank you a thousand times for enclosing the letter from dear father to you. it comforted me and I hope improved me much, though sometimes I feel hopeless of ever meeting father in heaven, yet the hope I have at times, and the comfortable assurance that our Savior has given us "my grace is sufficient for thee," is to me the greatest consolation. For without his grace I know and feel that the temptations that surround me will overcome me, but I try to place all my trust in him, to ask him to give me his holy spirit, and strength to follow its promptings. It is a great power of comfort to me that dear father, before he died, knew that I intended devoting myself to God, and I have two most beautiful letters, which I prize more than I can tell you, from him on that subject. I will show you them when we meet. and now I have I know something to tell you which will give you great pleasure. Mr. Howard came from Baltimore yesterda Saturday and brought me a letter from Ellen, in which she tells me she is going to be confirmed and wants me to come and be confirmed with her. I will do it most gladly and I hope with more devotion and thankfulness give myself to God for this great blessing and mercy to me. The Bishop was sick and did not come this sunday I told you he was expected, and now I am going to be confirmed with Ellen. I know dear sister this will give you the greatest pleasure. oh pray that God may keep us his through all the trials dangers and temptations of the world and at last bring us all to meet with father and each other in Heaven. - it is so dark I can hardly see, and my eyes hurt me and I must stop. - I send you back the letter as Mother thinks in Ellens weak state it might agitate her too much to see it, and I am afraid to keep it till she can, for fear as we are moving about so much it might get lost. - Ellen is better, her chills are not so violent. - Mother joins me in best love to Mr. Turner and the children and believe me ever your fond sister Alice Key. [cancellation] Washington D.C. Apr 12 Mrs Daniel Turner Woodly near Warenton North Carolina Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Alice Key to Mrs. Daniel Turner (Ann Arnold Key Turner). April 11, 1843 Description An account of the resource Letter from Alice Key to Mrs. Daniel Turner (Ann Arnold Key Turner). April 11, 1843. Alice Key writes about her faith and confirmation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pendleton, Alice Key, 1824-1886 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Washington, D.C. Warrenton, NC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-04-11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en</a> The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to St. John's College for more information. Please make sure to credit St. John's College using the citation provided in this record. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Subject The topic of the resource Key family Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK_4_5 Francis Scott Key https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/c093256a800c96fbe8cf0ac63ceec9d4.pdf 596c2b4fd1c8913f45821a76eefca5d6 PDF Text Text F t MINUTES /Of a Meeting of Descendents of Francis Scott Key and Mary Tayioe Lloyd held at St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, on May 2Z, 1959. 9^ * * * * i|t * * * « * * 413|i # :(i # * *1)1 ** * Invitations to the dedication of the FRANCIS SCOTT KEY MEMORIAL HALL on the Campus of St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, having been sent to 123 addresses of descendents by the College, the following assembled at that place on May 2 Miss Ellen Key Blunt Miss Elizabeth Blunt Col. & Mrs. Wilfrid M. Blunt Col. & Mrs. Arthur T. Brice Gen. & Mrs. Richard W. Cutts Mr. George Washington Dobbin Mrs. Robert A. Dobbin Mrs. William Harvey Doyle, Jr. Mr. Howard rfay Doyle Mrs. S. Wilson Heaton Mrs. William Tabor Jarvis Mrs. John Forsyth Joline, Jr. Mr. Laurence Turnbull Joline Mr. Christian Albert Keller Mr. & Mrs. Francis Scott Key 1/ 1959: Mrs. Herrick Faber Kidder Mr. Edward Lloyd —-— Mrs. Josephine Browne Masi Mrs. James Edward Palmer <Mr. Gilbert Key-Smith Mr. Robert H. Key-Smith Mrs. Mlles P. Standish Mr. JohnT. Wainwright Miss Mary Katherine Weld Miss Katherine Key-Smith Mrs. Morgan Burdette Schille Miss Mary Howard Lloyd After an impressive dedication ceremony which was attended by The President of the United States - Dwight D. Eisenhower - and a buffet luncheon served on the College Campus - all of the above-listed members of the Francis Scott Key family - with the exceptions of Mrs. Palmer, Mr. Keller and Miss Lloyd, - assembled in a conference room of the Memorial Hall The purpose of the meeting, as outlined in the call to assembly, was to consider the formation of a permanent Key Family Society to establish and maintain in the St. John's College Library complete genealogical data and records of the Family. The meeting was opened at approximately 2:30 PM by the President of St. John's College, Dr. Richard D. Weigle, who welcomed the descendents �MINUTES- - - ------------- -{2) of Francis Scott Key, Class of 1796, to the College. Dr. Weigle stated that, ever since his advent to St. John's College a decade ago, he had hoped for a memorium to that honorable and distinguished gentleman and alumnus - our ancestor « that would be of a permanent nature; and that he had also hoped for the establishment of a Key Family Society that would be related in some way to the College. He reported that, as a result of the efforts of the Old Dominion Foundation, the Maryland Historical Society, the Board of Governors of the College, and the friends and alumni of the College, the ground-breaking for the memorium had taken place in October, 1956. He offered to the proposed Key Family Society the freedom of the Memorial Hall, the use of the St. John's College Library, and secretarial service and assistance to facilitate the collec-tion and maintenance in the Library of complete genealogical data and records of the Society and Family. Dr. Weigle also brought tolhe attention of those present the fact that the interior decoration of the Ijobby of the Memorial Hall had not been completed, and that the College would like to have a memorial plaque, tablet, or bas-relief for the space above the fountain in the entry, covered at the time by a United States Flag of 1815. Dr. Weigle withdrew, and the meet ing was turned over to Col. Brice - (Cousin Arthur). Cousin Arthur explained how the idea of a Key Family Society had come up in his immediate family, and told of the work that had been done by himself and his wife (Cousin Alice) - Mrs. Joline, his Sister (also a Cousin Alice) - Col. Blunt (Cousin Wilfrid) - Mr. Donald Key King (a professional genealogist but not in our direct lines) - the Library and Secretarial Staff of St. John's College and others - toward compiling a complege genealogy and directory of living �MINUTES.................................... (3) descendents. He told how he and Cousin Alice, when his Mother, Cousin Jeannie, was confined to a wheel chair in her old age, as something to occupy her time and thoughts, had set her about the task of listing her "100 First Cousins ' - which she had often mentioned, not .juite believing that she could do it, and how she had recalled from memory by name 75 of them, with some of whom a correspon dence was started, family interest aroused, and ancestral diggings begun. Cousin jeannie died at age 90 in 1950, and Cousin Arthxxr - hoping to amass for himself the 100 cousins, as his Mother had, and he had not - had continued the work and correspondence from that time - thinking at the same time that it might be nice for all of us to know each other better so that we might all be able to claim 100 or more cousins. He concluded his report and remarks by stating that finally - thanks to the help of those mentioned - he had discovered that the St. John's Library had compiled a list of 118 of us - just the right number to fill one of the new jet passenger airliners by which he expected to return to California after the meeting. The meeting was then turned over to Col. Blunt (Cousin Wilfrid). Cousin Wilfrid stated that he had been very pleased by the number of descendents who had responded to the notice sent to them all; and that out of 118 sent, only 8 were returned undelivered - indicating that the St. John's mailing list is essentially correct as to addresses. He informed us that he had conferred with President Weigle and advised that a perpetual record of the Key Family could be established and maintained in the Library of St. John's College in the event that we might decide to form a permanent Key Family Society. As a matter of genealogical interest he reported that the record of �MINUTES -.................................. --(4) service of John Ross Key as an Officer in the American Revolution had been lost - so that any of us who might wish to establish eligibility for membership in the Society of the Cincinnati through lineal descent from John Ross Key , 1754 - 1821, would be disappointed. Mrs. Standish, at this juncture, stated that a record of John Ross Key's service as an Officer in the Revolution existed in I aunce's Tavern in New York City, and volunteered to look it up on her way home to Connecticut. The meeting was then turned back to Cousin Arthur. Cousin Arthur called for discussion from the floor, and suggested that we might appoint an "Acting Board of Regents of seven or eight to study the problem of establishing a permanent Society and report to the Family as a whole at a future meeting. He mentioned that Mr. Foster, the Director of the Maryland Historical Society, had offered the use of the Key room of that Society in Baltimore - in its present building or in the larger room in their proposed new building expected to be started during the next five years - to any such permanent Key Family Society that might be formed. There was a general discussion from the floor on the question as to whether or not any such permanent Family Society should be formed. Cousin Arthur pointed out that we would have to establish certain rules of eligibility for member ship, and stated that he would favor not more than two classes of membership - ' Hereditary , for all direct lineal descendents,-and Associate , for husbands and wives only of direct lineal descendents. this time. He also made small mention of dues at Cousin Laurie Joline suggested that we consider what kind of a Society we might have in mind - whether of a sophisticated type with annual dues, or of simpler type merely for the purpose of keeping up the genealogical record. �(5) MINUTES It seemed the concensus of opinion that the primary purpose of the Society should be for the establishment and maintenance ox complete genealogical records - although no vote on this question was taken. It was pointed out that almost all of us have Key memorabilia of one kind or another > letters* docu ments, portraits, and other physical property of our ancestor, which few of us would be willing to part with. Mrs. Jarvis (Cousin Edith) suggested that a temporary Secretary should be appointed . A voice vote on the question was taken and passed in favor of forming a permanent Key Family Society. Since he lived in Baltimore, and knew Mr. Foster of Maryland Historical Society personally, Mr. George Washington Bobbin, Jr.(Cousin George) was nominated and accepted the appointment to act as Secretary and representative of the group to it's sponsors designated as St. John's College, of Annapolis, Md., and the Maryland Historical Society, of Baltimore, Md. The question of rules of eligibility for membership « whether an^/or "Associate" Hereditary or other was again raised and discussed briefly. Since there were only approximately 21% of the known living descendents on the St. John's College mailing present, it was moved and passed that this question be tabled until a latter date; and suggested that a write-in vote by mail on it could be allowed. Mrs. Jarvis (Cousin Edith) suggested that someone should study the structure of some of the old Boston Family Societies, which could be of use to us in patterning our own. Cousin Arthur requested her to undertake such a study, and agreed to act as temporary chairman of a planning Committee or Acting Board �MINUTES . . . ............................ *(6) of Regent®” for the B’amily. Committee. He called for volunteers for members of such a The following accepted nominations and were appointed: Gen. Cutts (Cousin Dick) Kir. Dobbin (Cousin George) Col. Blunt (Cousin Wilfrid) K^r. JLloyd (Cousin Edward) Mrs. Jarvis (Cousin Edith) Mrs. Schiller (Cousin Elizabeth) Mr. Key (Cousin f rank) Mrs. Wm. Ward Clore (Cousin Catherine - in absentia) Mrs. Masi (Cousin Josephine) There was general discussion as to the proper time and place for the next meeting - to be for the purpose of acting on the recommendations of the Planning Committee. Cousins Dick Cutts, Eaurie Joline, and John Wainwright, pointed out that commencement time at St. John's College would be an imposition on the President of the College, having so many other matters of importance to attend to at such a time. Photographs of a portrait of our ancestor Francis Scott Key painted by the well known Artist Charles Wilson Peale during the year 179b in which he graduated from St. John's, and now in the possession of Cousin Arthur were shown, and there was brief discussion on the possibility ot having a bronze bas-relief done from it by a recognized sculptress in California. No decision was reached. As it was getting late and some of the Cousins had some distances to go to reach home, the meeting was adjourned at about 5:00 PM - (sine die). SS*SSSS>ii*3»iS««*:|t:)<********>t<*S*iK*** As the meeting was of an informal nature - many of the Cousins were meet ing each other for the first time - no agenda or order of business had been pre scribed, and there was confusion at times - apologies are hereby extended to those who may have taken part in the discussions or made recommendations or suggestions and whose names may have been passed over by your reporter. ELLEN KEY BLUNT � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Description An account of the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records contain correspondence, publications, and administrative and financial records relating to the Society, Francis Scott Key, and St. John's College. Many of the records involve compiling a genealogical record and address list of members of the Society, but the records also document Francis Scott Key's history and his influence on American society and St. John's College. For more information about the records, please see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/9">finding aid</a>. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Minutes of a Meeting of Descendents of Francis Scott Key and Mary Tayloe Lloyd held at St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, on May 22, 1959. Description An account of the resource Minutes of a Meeting of Descendents of Francis Scott Key and Mary Tayloe Lloyd held at St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, on May 22, 1959. The descendants met to discuss the formation of a Key family society and the creation of a genealogical record of descendants of Francis Scott Key. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Blunt, Ellen Key, 1932-1975 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant St. John's College, Annapolis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959-05-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en</a> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from St. John's College. Please make sure to credit St. John's College using the citation provided in this record. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Subject The topic of the resource Key family St. John's College (Annapolis, Md.) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Records Box 2 Folder 27 Francis Scott Key Francis Scott Key Auditorium https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/5528f406e3279a7bb88129b3ab6818e4.pdf 18ace7e68b2807be9d686d833b858aa1 PDF Text Text ARTHUR T. BRICE, VOLUME I DIAL PRINTING. PRINTER EDITOR SONOMA. CALIFORNIA, JULY. 1966 USS FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, launched at Groton, Connecticut 11:00 AM April 23, 1966. NUMBER 2 �O thus be it ever when freemen shall stand Between their lov'd home and the war's desolation; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the power that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just. And this be our motto: "In God is our trust!" And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! �THE PAST IS PROLOGUE The launching of the atomic submarine, the USS FRANCIS SCOTT KEY named for our illustrious forebear, provided an occasion for the first general assembly of this Society since its formation at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1959. The events and formalities of April 22 and 23, 1966, at Groton and New London, Connecticut, celebrating the christening and launching undoubtedly strengthened the integrity of the Society as a unit. Our hosts for these events were the Electric Boat Company Division of General Dynamics Corporation builders of the ship for the U.S. Navy. They had extended invitations to all members of the Society whose addresses were known for the christening and launching as well as a luncheon reception afterwards. In addition, they gave a formal dinner the night before the christening in honor of the two sponsors, Marjory Key Thorne and Edith Claude Jarvis. This affair was attended by high officials of the Electric Boat Company, a number of selected Naval Officers, and the Matrons of Honor of the Sponsors, Mrs. C. T. Lyon and Mrs. Milton E. Miles. On this occasion, Mrs, Jarvis contributed to the sense of solidarity of the Society of Descendants in all minds by presenting State of Maryland New York World's Fair Francis Scott Key gold medallions to wives of Boat Company officials who were most active in making local arrangements for the social events of the occasion, Mesdames J. Wm. Jones, Allan Dunning, and Robert Chappel, as well as to the skipper of the Blue Crew of the Ship, Captain Frank Graham, USN. CHRISTENING AND LAUNCHING Th^ extent to which our ancestor still lives through his influence on our modern United States community and society was demonstrated by the crowds who attended the event. There were overalls and hair curlers from the work shops where the ship had been built. There was Brass from Wall Street, Groton, New London, and Washington, D.C. , where she had been planned. They must now equip her for a commission by the U.S. Navy. The ceremony was attended by a large Naval contingent, including the per sonnel of the two -- Blue and Gold -- crews selected to man the vessel, officials of the Electric Boat Company, a detachment of Sea Scouts and more than 3, 000 citizens, including those members of our Society present. The route through the shipyard to the ways was through a double line of our National Flags held by blue-jackets and past an honor guard of Sea Scouts. Red, white and blue bunting decorated the bow of the Ship and the launching stand. Com bined with perfect weather, and the Navy Special Show Band which played during the assembly prior to the launching, these local arrangements provided a gala and auspicious setting for the historic event. The ceremony was opened by an inspiring rendition of the National Anthem, the "Star Spangled Banner", followed by a stirring address by the Hon. David G, Bress who now holds the position once held by our ancestor, Francis Scott Key, United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. He gave an account of the - 1 - �Defense of Fort McHenry, Grandfather Key's trip to the British Fleet, the bom bardment and the writing of the Anthem, to which even the most meticulous of historians could find no exception. At exactly eleven o'clock on 23rd of April, 1966, the Sponsors, our Record ing Secretary Edith Claude Jarvis and Cousin Marjory Key Thorne, each broke a bottle of champagne on the bow, and the newest nuclear submarine USS FRANCIS SCOTT KEY slid down the ways in the bright sunlight amid the waving flags, accompanied by the cheers of spectators and the spirited music of the Navy Band. RECEPTION The importance of the occasion, the number of distinguished guests involved, and the wishes of the Acting Regents of the Society of Descendants to hold a short family gathering called for the use of two rooms of the Mohican Hotel in New Lon don, Connecticut, across the river from the shipyards. In one, our Sponsors of the christening were introduced to distinguished guests, officers of the Navy and officials of the Boat Companies, before joining members of the family in the other. On arrival in the Hotel after the launching, we were greeted by signs which read "FRANCIS SCOTT KEY descendants proceed to the Florentine Room", an arrow, and a corps of ushers. At the door of the banquet room, we were greeted by a secretary who gave us name tags and a staff of waitresses serving champagne. A bar was set up at one end of the room with an elaborate buffet adjacent. The remainder of the room was set with small tables. No count or roster of names was kept. An estimate of more than sixty in attendance was based on counting thirty-two acceptances of invitations as two apiece. There were, however, also parties of 3, 4, and 5, including children, so that the attendance may well have been more than seventy. With delicious food, waitresses insistant on keeping champagne glasses filled, and circulation between the tables, one might have thought we were attend ing a wedding reception. THE GATHERING OF THE CLAN It was hard to break up the party and establish a semblance of order at one end of the room. The business meeting was a short one. Our Christening Sponsor Marjory Key Thorne, Line XI, was presented with a framed photograph of her Aunt Mary McBlair, Line XI, deceased. Our Christening Sponsor and Recording Secretary Edith Claude Jarvis, Line II, made the following report. - 2 - �REPORT OF THE SECRETARY On October 18, 1963, a meeting of four of the Acting Regents of the SOCIETY OF THE DESCENDANTS OF FRANCIS SCOTT KEY was held at the home of Mrs. Wm. Jarvis in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Those present were Col. Arthur Brice, Chairman, Col. Wilfrid Blunt, Treasurer, General Richard W. Cutts, and Mrs. Edith Claude Jarvis, Recording Secretary. A discussion concerning the drafting of a Resolution to be presented to Governor Tawes of Maryland took place. The Resolution concerned the presentation of a documentary film on the Bombardment of Ft. McHenry and the writing of the National Anthem for use at the New York World's Fair. The Resolution was adopted and later signed by about 22 of the Maryland descendants of Francis Scott Key. It was presented to the Governor by Mrs. Jarvis with the result that a docu mentary film was shown at the New York World's Fair in 1964. On Mardill, 1965, your Secretary attended a Bill-signing Ceremony at the State House in Annapolis. It was a House Joint Resolution #14 endorsing the name of Francis Scott Key for consideration to the Hall of Fame of Great Americans. Nearly every State in the Nation took similar action, as a result of D. A.R. efforts. How ever, Key's name was not among the 4 who were selected for the Hall of Fame. In the Summer of 1965, all of the Key family records, which had been carefully collected, indexed, and filed by Col. Arthur Brice, Chairman of the Acting Board of Regents, were shipped to the East from California. They are now in the tempor ary custody of the Recording Secretary, Mrs. William T. Jarvis, Chevy Chase, Md. , until such time as a permanent place may be found for them. Respectfully submitted, (signed) April 23, 1966 EDITH CLAUDE JARVIS Recording Secretary The Recording Secretary's report was acceted by unanimous vote of the meeting. Treasurer, Col. Wilfrid M. Blunt, Line IX, reported on receipts and ex penditures by year from organization of the Society to December 31, 1965. Dur ing that period, a total of $540.00 was received from contributions and $439. 37 expended for office expense, secretarial help, stationery, printing, postage, etc., leaving a balance of $100. 63 on deposit with Suburban Trust Company of Maryland. His report was accepted by unanimous vote of the meeting. Your Acting Chairman made an appeal for contributions to meet similar ex pense in connection with St. John's College Genealogical Records Project. To date $325. 00 has been received by the Treasurer in response to this appeal. On nomination and seconding from the floor, Mrs. C. T. (Cousin Clarissa) Lyon, Line XI, having accepted, was appointed Acting Regent in place of Edward Lloyd, Line I, deceased. - 3 - �The Chairman suggested that the next meeting might be held in connection with the dedication of the new buildings of the Maryland Historical Society where the original manuscript of the Anthem is kept. No date for the dedication had as yet been set. He urged all members in the interim to think over the problems of giving permanence and continuity to the Society by adoption of a fo’^mal consti tution and to decide whether appointment of Regents should be for s: ecified terms of office or for life. On motion by General Dick Cutts, USMC, Ret'd. , Line V, the Chairman was given a rising vote of confidence and the meeting adjourned. EPILOGUE "Everything that looks to the future elevates human nature. " Through the years since 1959, by correspondence and in conference, the Acting Regents have discussed many different plans and projects for the Society of Descendants. Primarily, the question has been how we can give it permanence and perpetuity after a small dedicated group of founders who assembled at St.John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1959 pass on. A set of accurate genealogical records is of the greatest importance. A complete genealogical file on the family as a whole should carry the Society on through the ages for as long as the Star Spangled Banner remains the National Anthem. St. John's College reports that less than half of the living descendants of known addresses have submitted genealogic records, and experience has shown that the cards originally sent out were not entirely satisfactory. An improved genealogic record card is being prepared for distribution. It is hoped that they will be executed and submitted without delay. Our Line III was believed to be extinct for several generations, but we now have nine names and six addresses of living members in it -- descendants of Francis Scott Key, Jr. (1806 - 1866) and Elizabeth Lloyd Harwood (1807 - 1902). We have no names or addresses of any living descendants in Line IV descendants of John Ross Key, II (1809 - 1837) and Virginia Ringgold (? - 1901). Information on any living descendants in this line will be appreciated. No replies were received to many invitations to the christening and launch ing of the USS FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, resulting , no doubt, from faulty mailing lists, unknown addresses, address changes -- or possibly even name changes not reported. Our Secretary is now keeping the record of all correspondence and current archives of the Society at her home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, until such time as a permanent place may be found for them. It is urgently requested that all members notify her of any changes of name or address. The Maryland Historical Society will sponsor a meeting of our Society on the occasion of the dedication of its new building in Baltimore, expected to take place in the Spring of 1967. At that time, the Acting Regents would like to present to the Maryland Society a set of colors to be a memorial to the founding of the Key Family Society of Descendants, Estimates have been obtained of cost of a suitable - 4 - �set of nylon flags with fringes, staffs with brass eagle on one and cross on the other, stands, etc., for $113.00. The Treasurer will acknowledge any contri butions to this approved project that nnay be received by any member of the Ac. ing Board of Regents. Checks should be made payable to the "Society of Descen dants of Francis Scott Key. " - 5 - �o ACTING BOARD OF REGENTS Chairman Arthur T. Brice, D. S. C. 656 Austin Avenue Sonoma, California 95476 Line X Treasurer Wilfrid M. Blunt, L. M. 7804 Exeter Road Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Line IX Recording Secretary Mrs. Wm. Taber Jarvis 9 East Melrose Street Chevy Chase, Maryland 20015 Line II Sponsors Liasion Officer George Washington Dobbin 2 West Lake Avenue Baltimore, Maryland 21210 Line VIII Members Mrs. Wm. Ward Clore 6040 North 7th Street Phoenix, Arizona Line I Richard W. Cutts Dondoric Farms The Plains, Virginia Line V Francis Scott Key 107 Seminole Avenue Dumont, New Jersey Line III Mrs. C. T. Lyon 41 Main Drive Candlewood Acres Brookfield, Conn. 06804 Line XI Mrs. Frank H. Masi Metompkin Millwood, Virginia Line ! Mrs. Morgan B. Schiller Wye House Easton, Maryland Line 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Description An account of the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records contain correspondence, publications, and administrative and financial records relating to the Society, Francis Scott Key, and St. John's College. Many of the records involve compiling a genealogical record and address list of members of the Society, but the records also document Francis Scott Key's history and his influence on American society and St. John's College. For more information about the records, please see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/9">finding aid</a>. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 8 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Freemen Stand, Volume 1 Number 2 (July 1966) Description An account of the resource Freemen Stand, Volume 1 Number 2 (July 1966). Second issue of the newsletter for the Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key. Published in Sonoma, California. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brice, Arthur Tilghman, 1892- The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en</a> The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to St. John's College for more information. Please make sure to credit St. John's College using the citation provided in this record. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Subject The topic of the resource Key family Key, Francis Scott, 1779-1843 St. John's College (Annapolis, Md.) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Records Box 4 Folder 4 Francis Scott Key https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/f1175135d9cb4746b47d1f0e9a691c7f.pdf 1f51ac34215638ea3e45cdb3837ba040 PDF Text Text ARTHUR T. BRICE, VOLUME I EDITOR MACK A. ALLRED. PRINTER SONOMA, CALIFORNIA, JANUARY, 1963 FRANCIS SCOTT KEY - Class of 1796 Bronze bas-relief by M. Brackenridge From portrait by Charles Wilson Peale. NUMBER I �O thus be it ever when freemen shall stand Between their lov'd home and the war's desolation; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the power that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must , when our cause it is just, And this be our motto; "In God is our trust!" And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the bravel �EDITORIAL Attention is invited to the Sponsor’s Column of this communication. We feel that all Cousins should be pleased and gratified to recognize that institutions such as these have volunteered to make themselves responsible - even if only to a very limited extent - for a Society of Descendants of - Grandpa Key among ourselves - when, as, and if any such Society may ever be permanently organized, established, or incorporated. The Maryland Historical Society has offered its Key Room in the new building for the first formal assembly of the Family. St. John's College has and is and will continue to provide the necessary clerical and library assistance to compile and maintain a com plete genealogical record. There need be no fear that the record will be used in any manner not authorized by the Society. Attention is, also, invited to the Treasurer’s Report - filed in this communication under Line IX of the column "From Among the Branches". It is the sense of your Acting Regents that all descendants are automatically, by birth, members of the Society in good standing - that there will be no monetary requirement to maintain such membership in good standing - that the activities of the Society as such will be maintained when, as, and if sufficient funds for such purposes are voluntarily contributed by members who are will ing and able to do so - and that the estimated cost of a project will be submitted to the en tire membership before any action on it will be taken by the Officers, Regents, or Society, as such. If the response to this newsletter justifies another, the custom initiated herein of reporting incidents of ancient history of significance to Key descendants will be continued. Our Country nourishes a tremendous force of tradition associated with the name of Francis Scott Key. has sprung. No one knows all of the incidents and events from which this force They are of importance and should be of interest to all our children. This communication may help to pass them on. All cousins are urged to keep a watchful eye on developments originating or having originated in the public schools of Hicksville, Long Island, New York. Please communi cate promptly with your Acting Chairman if you think any action looking toward proper patriotic or religious objectives can be taken by our Society as an organized group or by any of its Officers, Regents, or Members. I �VENTURESOME SCULPTORS Marian Brackenridge Sonoma, California Studied under Leo Lenteili at the Art Students League in New York and with the famous Venetian sculptor, Ettore Cadorin. She has worked in charcoal, clay, wood, ivory and other materials. With Cadorin, she worked on the bronze of Father Junipero Serra in the National Capitol in Washington, D. C. , and the statues of St.Peter, St. Paul, and St.John in the National Cathedral of the Episcopal Church, also in Washington, D.C. Working alone she has done corbels and stone statues, to be seen in that cathedral, of St. Andrew, St. Francis, St. Patrick, and Joan of Arc, as well as a stone head of Albert Schweitzer. Her three large panels on the Annunciation, Nativity, and Visitation, for reredos are in the Church of the Incarnation, in Baltimore, Md. She has done bronze portrait bas-reliefs of living subjects -- a field which she considers her forte. From the Charles Wilson Peale oil portrait of Francis Scott Key at age 17, she has done the 18 x 23 inch bas-relief shown. This was his graduation portrait. A bronze of this work would constitute a very fitting and appropriate memorial gift from the family to St.John's College, to be placed in the Key Memorial Auditorium there. The artists price for a bronze of it was $800. 00. This has been advanced by your Acting Chairman, who will hold the bronze until such time as the Society of Descendants may be established on a permanent legal basis and sufficient funds contributed to cover the cost of incorpora tion of the Society and 75% of the above figure for the memorial gift -- which does not in clude the expense of mounting it in a suitable location at St.John's. Richard H. Recchia Rockport, Massachusetts Is a member of the National Sculpture Society and National Academy of Design. His work may be seen in the Red Cross Museum, Washington, D. C. ; the Speed Memorial Museum, in Kentucky; the Boston State House; Brookgreen Gardens; Harvard, Brown, and Purdue Universities; Buffalo Museum of Arts and Sciences; facade of the Boston Art Mu seum; the General Stark equestrian statue in Manchester, N. H. ; as well as in private collections. They have won for him the following awards: Kimball prize; gold medal and Cross of Honor, International Exposition of Italy; bronze medal, Panama Pacific Exposi tion; Lindsay Morris prize of the National Sculpture Society; and the Watrous Gold Medal of the National Academy. He has recently completed a plaster four foot statue of Francis Scott Key composing the "Star Spangled Banner". The creation depicts a young man attired in the dress of the period standing with arm outstretched and hand holding a scroll. He would like to see this work erected in heroic size somewhere in Maryland or even in the present four foot size ' in some museum. No cost estimates for such a memorial are available. FROM FORT MC HENRY The staff from which the Star Spangled Banner flew in 1814 was recreated by hand by a flagstaff maker of 29 years of experience in June 1959. Research by a six man Govern ment team indicated that it should stand 84 feet above ground and weigh three tons. It is estimated that the new staff will last from 75 to 80 years. 2 �OUR SPONSORS Maryland Historical Society 201 West Monument St. , Baltimore, Maryland Under the terms of two wills, the Society has received more than $2, 500, 000. 00 to be used for erection of a new building west of the present headquarters on Monument Street. Mr. James W. Foster, Director of the Society, under date of October 23, 1961, advised that construction was expected to start within a year and be completed in 18 months or two years. He suggested that 1964 might be the earliest date for a con vention of our Society of Descendants to be held in Baltimore. He felt confident that the shrine where the original manuscript of the National Anthem is now installed would not be moved. Under date of May 7, 1962. your Acting Chairman was advised by Mr. Harold R. Manakee. Assistant Director of the Maryland Historical Society of Mr. Foster's sudden death on April 30, 1962. This has been a great loss to the Historical Society as well as to our Society of Descendants. Mr. Foster offered the fullest cooperation of the Histori cal Society in our efforts to establish a Society of Descendants. He encouraged your Act ing Chairman when a Society of Descendants was no more than a gleam in his eye. We hope that the Historical Society will accept this as our expression of condolence and regret and continue the policy of cooperation with us established by Mr. Foster. St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Two years from now and 1, 700 miles away from its present site, St. John's College, Annapolis, plans to duplicate one of the most remarkable experiments in 20th Century higher education in America, Initially, the Santa Fe College is expected to copy in fairly full detail the small Annapolis College of 300. Once it is firmly underway, according to President Richard D. Weigle, who will head both institutions. St.John's officials hope the Santa Fe College will be free to develop its own particular direction. What makes St.John's College different from other colleges in the United States 7 First is its famed "great books, " non-elective curriculum. It offers one single, non elective program which all students must take. As a college without a curriculum designed along "major" and "minor" lines, it stands alone among American colleges. Students are subjected to four years of mathematics, ranging from Euclid to transfinite numbers, and four years of laboratory science in which students perform crucial experi ments in physics, chemistry and biology. In addition, there are four years of languages and a year and a half of music. Because there is just one single curriculum, students may enter St.John's only as freshmen. While they may transfer to other colleges as upperclassmen, no upperclassman can be enrolled at St.John's. The college is proud of its small student-faculty ratio. There are seven students for each faculty member, a ratio sufficiently small to enable St.John's to abandon the pedagogical method in which an instructor lectures from notes to students who take notes and return them via examination. Instead of a lecturing system, instruction in the tutorials, as classes are called, follow a face-to-face, dialectical method. There is full opportunity for the student to be -- and he is supposed to be -- an active, not passive, participant. Non-denominational, St.John s for some reason continues to attract more men than women students, although It was opened to women in 1951. While the program is a rigorous one. St. John's officials do not consider it something simply to be offered to young intellectual giants. It is also one, they believe, which can be completed by a student classified as a "good average". 3 �PROJECT NO. 1 THE PERMANENT GENEALOGY RECORD AT ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE Under date of September 27, 1961, Miss Charlotte Fletcher, Librarian of St. John’s College, reported that genealogy record cards had been received for a number of names not on our mailing list representing children of known living descendants who have re ceived our communications. The status of the record as of that time was: Line I - Descendants of Elizabeth Phoebe Key (1803-1897) and Charles Howard (1802-1869). The list shows 39 names; 25 had not sent in their records. Line 11 - Descendants of Maria Lloyd Key (1805-1897) and Henry Maynadier Steele (1798-1863). The list shows 27 names; 24 had not sent in their records. Line III - Descendants of Francis Scott Key, Jr. (1806-1866) and Elizabeth Lloyd Harwood (1807-1902). The list shows 8 names; 6 had not sent in their records. Line V - Descendants of Ann Arnold Key (1811-1884) and Daniel Turner (1796-1860), The list shows 12 names; 10 had not sent in their records. Line VIII - Descendants of Philip Barton Key (1818-1859) and Ellen Swan (1824-1859). The list shows 20 names; 17 had not sent in their records. Line IX - Descendants of Ellen Lloyd Key (1821-1884) and Simon Frazer Blunt (1818-1854). The list shows 4 names; all had sent in their records. Line X - Descendants of Mary Alicia Lloyd Nevins Key (1824-1886) and George Hunt Pendleton (1825-1889). The list shows 6 names; 4 had sent in their records. Line XI - Descendants of Charles Henry Key (1827-1869) and Elizabeth Tayloe Lloyd (1827-1881). The list shows 3 names; one had sent in her record. This does not indicate an impressive showing of interest. We hope that during the past year, the record has become more nearly complete. If you are not sure that your record has already gone to St. John's College Library, please send it to Miss Fletcher without delay. All available printed cards have been distributed. If you have lost or misplaced your card, write to St.John's College Library, Annapolis, Maryland, giving the following information: Your name and address Date and place of your birth Name of your husband or wife Date and place of your marriage Names, birthdates, birthplaces, and addresses of any children' Names (and dates of birth and death if known) of the individuals through whom you are descended from Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key The compilation of the record at St. John's College is the only family project in which your Acting Board of Regents is now interested or concerned. There need be no fear that the record compiled there will ever be used for any purpose not authorized by the Society. ;• �FROM AMONG THE BRANCHES News from the eight lines of descent from Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key for which we have addresses of living members of the family has been scanty and scattered. We don’t quite yet know who we all are well enough to have named a reporter or genealogist for each line. A genealogical identification numbering system might help. Under such a system, every member's identification number is coded according to chronology of birth and generation from the ancestor by whose name the family is known. For example No. 1-2-3 represents the third child of the second child of the first child. According to the records in St.John’s College Library, your Acting Chairman is No. 10-3-1, the first child of Jane Frances Pendleton, who was the third child of Alice Key, who was the tenth child of Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key. According to the same records, No. 1-2 would have been Captain John Eager Howard, CSA, 1828-1911, unmarried; No. 2-3-2 is Cousin Cecil Herbert Claude, born 1897, carried in the record as unmarried, address unknown; No. 3-7-1-1-2 is Francis Scott Key, Jr. , Born 1944, of the only branch now bearing the family name KEY; etc. , etc. Or the numbers could start at our own ends of the lines rather than at Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key’s end. I would be No. 1-3-10; Capt. Howard No. 2-1; Cousin C. H. Claude - incidentally our principal candidate for the missing persons column this year - would still be No. 2-3-2; and young Francis Scott Key, Jr. , No. 2-I-1-7-3. Of course, we could employ someone to go into the Key Genealogy File at St.John's College Library to calculate each of our family identification numbers and let us know them - but, as you can see, the treasury is not up to that yet, and St.John's still doesn’t know all of our children. If you like the idea, why not calculate your own number and let us have it for the card file which we keep here of members who have responded hereto fore to our various communications. Records here are incomplete - but we have calculated some numbers - many inaccurate no doubt - as a starter. L I NE - I Evelyn Tyson Kidder (1-3-2) favors the idea that the Society might grant a scholarship to a deserving student or send an underprivileged child to camp - rather than place a wreath on our Grandfather's grave - when, as, and if the status of our treasury might ever permit. Evelyn Bayly Doyle (I-3-2-2) teaches Sunday School in Oyster Bay, L.I. , New York, and "pursues painting" while her husband Bill is learning to fly a glider. Their eldest, Howard, is a music major, and youngest, Herrick, likes to swim. Mary Howard Lloyd (1-4-?) writes that her life is so quiet that she has nothing to report tut everyone close to her knows that she spends a great part of it doing kind things for others. Elizabeth Lloyd Schiller (1-4-2) reports that the garden of the Lloyd-Chase House in Annapolis has had its face lifted by 16 small boxwoods from Wye House garden to form "The Lloyd Walk" there. She has completed a survey and cross index of the Wye Graveyard, with all inscriptions, which has been filed with the Society for Preservation of Maryland Antiquities. Edward Lloyd (1-4-3-1) points out that there are hundreds of organizations campaigning actively for funds to send needy children to camps; and that the selection of a beneficiary would present problems of adminstration, impartiality, race, creed, color, etc. When, as, and if, as a Society, we would ever afford a wreath on the grave, he thinks it would be more suitable. He would prefer to have any such money turned over to St.John’s College at Annapolis for a prize for the best essay on Francis Scott Key, submitted by a member of the Senior Class. 5 �Catherine deWolf Lloyd Clore (1-4-6-3) is a member of the Altar Guild at the Episcopal Cathedral of the Diocese of Arizona and does Gray Lady work among her Indians and at the Florence Crittenton Home and Gompers Clinic for Crippled Children. Returning from the Islands on a Pan American World Airways System jet in 1961, the pilot turned out to be Captain Francis Scott Key Lewis. ’’Yes” - he wrote "he was my Great-GreatUncle in my Mother's line, which comes from F. S. Key's sister. " (Note: -- Ann Key married Roger Brooke Taney at Terra Rubra, Maryland, on January 7, 1806). W. Ward Clore, Jr. (1-4-6-3-1) Under his sponsorship, the Episcopal Young Churchmen of Trinity Cathedral in Phoenix, Arizona, have trebled their membership during the past year. Portia Rich Hoekstra (1-4-6-1-1) is reported by our Line I correspondent as "a full-time mother"; Peter, a high school senior; Anna, a high school freshman -- "talent in Art and Sewing"; Margaret, Age 10 -- "scholarly"; Betsy, Age 8, "sings"; Andrea, 6, is in Kinder garten; Mary Jo, 4, is "big and tough"; Catherine, 2, is "chubby and red-headed"; John Thomas - "no talents indicated as of this date". (Note: We didn't have Cousin Portia's address when the genealogy cards were distributed. Suspect she will have to employ a secretary to get the record straight in St.John's College Library). Lloyd deWolf Clore Ray (1-4-6-3-2) is also a full-time mother. Catherine, first grade parochial school; Barbara deWolf, kindergarten; Anne Marie, Age 4; Harry Charles Ray, HI, Age 3; Deborah, Age 2. Howard Key Morgan (1 -9-2-1) is very sure that the work your Acting Regents have been doing is worth an annual contribution from everyone except the minor children. His ideas have been incorporated into the fiscal policy outlined in our editorial. L I N E - II Edith Bartow Bliss (2-7-3-2) sends her check from Martha's Vineyard and a letter heartily endorsing the work of our Acting Regents, in which she states that she is sure that two inherited portraits which she has loaned to the Maryland Historical Society should be at St. John’s. We hope that this will not result in any friction between our sponsors. Howard Key Bartow (2-7-?-?) would like to have copies of the genealogical charts from which our mailing list of living descendants has been compiled. These two charts were developed by Donald Key King, a professional genealogist, and Alice Key Pendleton Joline (10-3-2) in response to the call from St.John's College in 1953 to compile a list of living descendants. They are far from complete as indicated by our question marks above. The record will be completed only when all eligible members have filed their genealogical record cards in St.John's College Library. The carbons we have here are difficult to read in tracing the lines, and cover 31 closely typed pages. To edit and distribute a chart that might be complete even as far as the fourth generation would probably cost at least $500.00. Please send your check to the Treasurer earmarked if you would like such a project initiated. Edith Claude Jarvis (2-1-3-4) is Owner and Manager of the Jarvis School Bureau at 3 Dupont Circle, Washington 6, D.C. , which sent 400 children to camps in the U.S.A. , Switzerland, and Austria during the Summer and enrolled 200 in boarding schools during the Fall. She is now entering her fourteenth year of service as the only woman on the Board of Managers of Chevy Chase Village. She and Bill attended the Francis Scott Key Memorial Stamp Ceremonies at Fort McHenry in I960 and travelled in Portugal and Spain in 1961. They are camellia-fans and have gone all-out in the planting, purchase of books, and joining the Camellia Society in Chevy Chase, Md. �Patrick Henry Key (3-7-1 -3) is in the United States Merchant Marine. been wide and many. His last trip was to Hong Kong. His travels have Francis Scott Key, Jr. (3-7-1-1-2) achieved the highest mark in a mathematics test given by American Telephone and Telegraph Company at Dumont High School, New Jersey, and is now working and studying with that Company in New York City. Noel Mary Key (3-7-1—1-1) married John Leverett Hartle in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, on May 26, T^Z. John is graduating from Teachers College, after which they plan to make their home in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. L 1 N E - V Anna Key Palmer (5-2-1) who sat with the President of the United States as the oldest living of the oldest generation of descendants on the occasion of the dedication of the Key Memorial Auditorium on the Campus of St.John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, on May 22, 1959, died at the age of 94 at her home in Ventnor, New Jersey, on May 3, 1961. She would have been our Grand Matriarc had our proposed constitution been adopted be fore her death. She was strongly in favor of establishing a permanent Family Society, and compiling a complete genealogical record at St.John’s. Her name appeared on the first call to assemble at St. John's on May 22, 1959. Daniel Key Turner, III (5-7-1-4-1). With regard to this new member, the San Francisco Examiner of January 23, 1962, had this to say: "He is a direct descendant of Francis Scott Key, composer of the "Star Spangled Banner", but that's not all. His Great-GreatGrandfather, the first Daniel Turner, was a Navy Officer who came from Alabama to California in 1834 to help Admiral Farragut establish the Mare Island Navy Yard. " LINE- VIll George Washington Dobbin (8-1-1-4) attended the first day of issue ceremonies for the Francis Scott Key Credo Memorial Stamp at Fort McHenry and wrote that the Post Office Department had done a "whale of a job" on that function. A year ago he took over direct responsibility for the conduct of annual Heart Fund Campaign in the Baltimore-Annapolis area. He has developed a plan under which our mailing list for an annual newsletter could be managed for approximately $350. 00 to $400. 00 per year. Elizabeth Key Guinness (8-1-6-2) writes from 104 Kensington Church Street, London W-8, England, that her son Dennys Key Guinness is Captain-Royal Tank Regiment. L I N E - IX Wilfrid M. Blunt (9-2-1) Colonel U.S.A. Retired is still known in the Army as a top bracket polo player. He has been active in the Republican cause and a yachtsman for recreation. As our Treasurer, he reports for the period from May 26, I960, to June 1, 1962, as follows: Contributions from members of the Family -- $510.00 Expenditures for Secretarial work, printing, and postage----- - -- - --------- - ----------- - ------- 432.47 Balance on hand, deposited with Suburban Trust Co., Bethesda, Maryland----------- ----- $ 77.53 Mary Blunt Henson (9-2-1-1) lives in Sacramento, California, and has the following children: Laurel Fraser (9-2-1-1-1), Mark (9-2-1-1-2), Katherine Fleming (9-2-1-1-3), Robin (9-2-1-1-4), Mary Ross (9-2-1-1-5), Joel T. (9-2-1-1-6), Abigail (9-2-1-1-7). We hope the St.John's College Library has a complete record. �Ellen Key Blunt (9-2-1-2) kept the minutes of our first organization convention at Annapolis on May 22, 1959. She is now a reporter for the Washington, D.C. , Post. Elizabeth Blunt (9-2-1-3) is Assistant Director of the Bethesda, Maryland, office of CARE. L 1 N E - X Your Acting Chairman (10-3-1) has been writing a chapter for a symposium on "Cine micrography in Cell Biology" to be published by Academic Press of 111 Fifth Avenue, New York. This has delayed the editing, production, and distribution of this newsletter. He is Research Associate in Bacteriology at Davis, California, Campus of the University of California, For recreation, he fishes and cruises with his wife Alice Lloyd (nee Winder) on the 17-ft. cabin outboard "White Swan". After diligent study since the dates of publication of "Spangled Banner" by Victor Weybright, Farrar & Rinehart, Inc. , New York, 1935; and "Francis Scott Key - Life and Times" by Edward S. Delaplane, Biography Press, New York, 1937, he has developed a 35 minute talk on the defense of Fort McHenry and writing of the Anthem. This has been well received during the past three years by Rotary Clubs in Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and San Anselmo; Kiwanis Club in Santa Rosa; Sonoma Historical Society; and California Committee of the Society of the Cincinnati. Alice Key Pendleton Joline, Jr. (10-3-2) has been active and an officer in the Wayne Pennsylvania Art Club and Center. She works in oils and water colors. Her things have been hung in a number of salon exhibits. JohnF. Joline, III (10-3-2-1) is Headmaster at the Darrow (boys private) School, New Lebanon, New York. His theory is that talent is the only valid basis for the foundation of an aristocracy. Lawrence Joline (10-3-2-2) has been working for several years with the underwater ex ploration projects in the Mediterranean of the University of Pennsylvania Museum. Julia Frances Chubb (10-3-3-1) is a medical technologist, senior in charge of the labora tory where she works. For recreation - skiing (snow not water) with the Sierra Club, or kodachromes with the San Jose, California, Camera Club, Sarah Jane Chubb (10-3-3-2) teaches at grammar school, also in Santa Clara County, California, during the school year. With sister Frances and roommate, she enjoyed the 1962 Summer vacation in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. RECEIVED TOO LATE TO CLASSIFY Alice C. Wainwright (5-11-2-2) is Metropolitan Commissioner of the City of Miami, Florida. We have pictures - but no dates - of her breaking ground with the architect and chairman of the Citizen's Committee for the new Coconut Grove Plaza Park develop ment; and presenting the key to the City to the World president of the YWCA. Dorothea Lane Cutts (5-11-2-1-1) is now 22 and has a position with a firm of attorneys in Washington, D.C. 8 �KEEPING THE RECORD STRAIGHT BY RADIO The following correspondence has been paraphrased in the interest of space -printers -- not outer. Mr. Mel Venter Telo-Test Program-Radio Station KGO 277 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco, Calif. May 1, 1962 > Dear Mr. Venter: I was very much interested in your Tello-Test Program of April 25, 1962. Your identification of the City where the original manuscript, of "The Star Spangled Banner" may be seen as Baltimore was correct. However, it has not been in the Walters Gallery there since 1953. Since then, it has been preserved by the Maryland Historical Society, where it is kept in an hermetically sealed glass case filled with helium in a decorative alcove or shrine, the dome of which depicts the exact star formation in the heavens above Fort McHenry, Maryland, as it existed before dawn on September 14, 1814. ■■'4’ 'f' -w’' >- ,1* > — ■ “ Sincerely yours, ARTHUR T. BRICE Colonel AUS Retired (10-3-1) W « » — — — « » — •• -> — Colonel Arthur T. Brice 656 Austin Avenue, Sonoma, California May 10, 1962 Dear Colonel Brice: Needless to say we are grateful for your most interesting letter of May 1st to Mr. Venter. We produce the Tello-Test show Nationally and provide all questions, answers, and source material. I find that our sources for this particular program were several years old, and that you are indeed right. Accordingly, 1 am updating our script, as we may want to use this program in other markets around the Country. Thank you very much for your letter. Sincerely, PHILIP SCHWIMMER Research Director Radio Features Inc. , Chicago 1, Ill. August 16, 1962 Director, Maryland Historical Society 201 West Monument Street Baltimore, Maryland A few months ago we used the following question on our Tello-Test Stations in the West-coastal states: "In what city would you find the original manuscript of 'The Star Spangled Banner'?" -- the answer of course being Baltimore. Through the kindness of the Chairman of the Society of Descendants of Francis Scott Key, we learned that our script giving the additional information that it was in the Walters Art Gallery was in error. The source material for this script was the 1956 editions of Collier's Encyclopedia and the Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia. I am enclosing our revised script, written this week, for your interest, but I think it should be called to your attention that the 1962 editions of both these encyclopedias still state that the manuscript is in the Walters Gallery. I have spoken by telephone with Mr. Roberts of Comptons, here in Chicago. Perhaps you will want to write to Dr. J. Parker Sondheimer, Research Editor of Colliers Ency clopedia at 640 Fifth Avenue, New York, or perhaps an Officer or Member of the Society 9 �of Descendants of Francis Scott Key will write for you. I might add that the S.D.F.S.K letterhead should have a more influencing effect than any letter by you or me. Sincerely, PHILIP SCHWIMMER Research Director Radio Features Inc., Chicago, 1, III. Postscript: The letterhead has been used in the manner suggested and we hope has created an authentic and accurate impression. OUT OF THE PAST A communication published by the San Francisco Chronicle on February 4, 1944: Editor: Referring to your editorial. January 31, 1944, on the contrast between the high money prizes for the new Russian national anthem, and the little probably received by composers like Francis Scott Key; as the last living granddaughter of Francis Scott Key I wish to inform you that "What he got" out of writing "The Star-Spangled Banner" was the satisfaction of thus expressing his love for his Country, and that I do not at all envy the composers of today. My pride in our National Anthem far outweighs their pecuniary remuneration. JANE F. BRICE (10-3) ******* * * ***** An interested genealogical researcher has sent us a complete roster of members of the Confederate Armed Forces from Anne Arundel County, Maryland, commanded by Brigadier General George H. Steuart, which includes the name of William Key (3-9), born 1846, died unmarried, for the Confederate cause, in a Union Prison in Washington D.C. , in 1865. A copy of the Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine for May 1886, bearing the pencilled name Pendleton on the cover has been turned up from the family attic by Julia Frances Chubb (10-3-3-1). George Hunt Pendleton, 1825 - 1889, was the husband of Mary Alicia Lloyd Nevins Key. 10th child of Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key, (In a note to Thomas Harrison Montgomery, the pioneer in Key genealogy, dated March 21, 1885, she is re ported to have written: "I was christened Alice and bore no other name. ") As Senator from Ohio. Pendleton introduced the bill enacted by the Congress and the President which placed a monument over Grandfather Key’s grave at Frederick, Maryland, and further provided that the flag should fly over it continuously, day and night, forever. The magazine contains an article by Talesin Evans describing "A Californian's Gift to Science". James Lick was born in Pennsylvania in 1796. As a piano and organ maker, he arrived in California with a moderate fortune in 1847. Two years before his death in 1876, he conveyed his entire fortune, estimated at four million dollars, to a Board of Trustees to be divided among public charities, and for the erection of specified important institutions. Among the latter was the astronomical observatory on Mount Hamilton for the University of California which bears his name, and for the California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, a bronze monument "To the Memory of Francis Scott Key, Author of the Song 'The Star Spangled Banner'. ” James Lick was an apprentice in Baltimore at the time of the defense of Fort McHenry. His Executors awarded the commission for the work prescribed in his will to the sculptor William Wetmore Story, who won the award in open competition in 1885. Story executed the statue in Rome. It was shipped to San Francisco and arrived aboard the Italian freighter Pietro B. in January 1888. The Trustees of the Lick Estate re 10 �quested certain changes in the original design which they had accepted. The sculptor refused to make them. The changes were made by another artisan under orders of the Trustees, and the huge memorial was dedicated on July 4, 1888, at an elaborate cere mony at which a salute of 100 guns was fired by a detachment of artillery from the Presidio of San Francisco. The Trustees charged the cost of the changes against Story's final bill. Story re fused to accept the charge, and a law suit hung on for several years. It was settled in the sculptor's favor in 1894. The cost of the monument was $60, 000. 00. The base of the monument is of travertine stone. On its four sides are inlaid marble slabs, on two of which are engraved the four verses of the Anthem. One bears the dedication in memory of Francis Scott Key, dated 1887; the other a wreath of oak and laurel leaves surrounding a lyre. The base supports four Corinthian columns between which the heroic size bronze statue of Key sits - his cloak over an arm of the chair pen poised in right hand - a scroll of paper in his left - a beautifully modeled work of art. Over his head the columns support a travertine canopy. Its classical cornice bears four bronze eagles at the corners. Between them four stone bulls heads hold garlands of laurel. Above rises an heroic bronze statue of Liberty, wearing helmet and sword, and holding the banner loosely furled about its staff in her right hand. * ***** national anthem vs NATIONAL SPORT ***** On or about June 2Z, 1962, some unknown patriotic observer noticed that, when the San Francisco Giants of the National League played their games at night by artificial illumination on their home grounds in San Francisco, the games were opened by the play ing of the National Anthem, but the Star Spangled Banner was not flown. Research indi cated that the only other major league team not flying the Star Spangled Banner at their night games was the New York Mets, based at the Polo Grounds, New York, It was pointed out that Francis Scott Key saluted the Banner in his own immortal words over Fort McHenry on September 14, 1814, by artificial illumination, and that Public Law 829 passed by the 77th Congress specifically states that "The Flag may be displayed at night upon special occasions when it is desired to produce a patriotic effect". It is now so flown at every game of the Giants played at night in San Francisco. �BOOK REVIEWS The Virginia Bishop - A Yankee Hero of the Confederacy. John Sumner Wood. Garrett and Massie, Inc., Richmond, Va. 1961. John Johns of Delaware was one of the foremost presidents (1849-1854) of the College of William and Mary. He was also deeply interested in the Theological Seminary and High School of the Protestant Episcopal Church, of the Diocese of Virginia, which he virtually re-founded after the war between the states, and served as president until his death in 1876. This rambling series of word pictures of different phases of his life and times in a young and vigorous nation suggests a close professional relationship between the younger Rev. John Johns and Francis Scott Key, Esquire, 17 years his senior. Key was a member of All Saints Parish in Frederick Town, Maryland, when the Rev. Johns was called to be its Rector a few weeks after his ordination in 1819. Elected with others as "Managers" of the Christian Education Society of the Church in 1825, they established the farsighted policy under which thereafter the Virginia Seminary required each candidate for admission to present a college diploma, or pass special ex* aminations on philosophy, rhetoric, Latin, and Greek. Interview in Weehawken - The Burr-Hamilton Duel as Told in the Original Docum.euts. Edited by Harold C. Syrett & Jean G. Cooke with an Introduction and Conclusion by Willard M. Wallace - Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Conn. I960. This book tells the story as it developed, in the words of the actors themselves. As a first-hand view of an important historical event in the process of developing, this book has few parallels. It will be of principal interest to the Line No. 10 Members of this Society. Hamilton's Second was Captain Nathaniel Pendleton whose Grandson, George Hunt Pendleton married Alice Key, the tenth child of Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe Lloyd Key. Your Acting Chairman and Editor inherited a pair of pistols by Grice of London for which claims had been made by an earlier generation that, if they were not the pistols used in the duel, they had probably been taken to Weehawken by Pendleton and discarded by the principals in favor of lighter weapons. They are flintlocks of approximately . 50 caliber and 9-inch barrels, undoubtedly the side arms of Major General Nathaniel Greene, presented to his Aide, Captain Nathaniel Pendleton, after the Revolution. A source at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York has been reported to have said that if all the pistols alleged to have been used in the duel were valid, there must have been a wagon load of them at the field of honor in Weehawken at sunrise on July II, 1804. �'i 1 HAIL AND FAREWELL ? ? On May 22, 1959, the following assembled at the Key Memorial Auditorium of St.John's College, Annapolis, Maryland: Miss Ellen Key Blunt Miss Elizabeth Blunt Col. & Mrs. Wilfrid M. Blunt Col. &r Mrs. Arthur T. Brice Gen. & Mrs. Richard W. Cutts Mr. George W. Dobbin Mrs. Robert A. Dobbin Mrs. William Harvey Doyle, Jr. Mr. Howard H. Doyle Mrs. S. Wilson Heaton Mrs. William Taber Jarvis Mrs. John Forsyth Joline, Jr. Mr, Laurence Turnbull Joline Mr. Christian Albert Keller Mr. & Mrs. Francis Scott Key Miss Katherine Key-Smith Mrs. Robert H. Key-Smith Mr. Gilbert Key-Smith Mrs. Herrick Taber Kidder Miss Mary Howard Lloyd Mr. Edward Lloyd Mrs. Josephine Browne Masi Mrs. James Edward Palmer Mrs. Miles P. Standish Mrs. Morgan Burdette Schiller Mr. John T. Wainwright Miss Mary Katherine Weld To paraphrase in part Cousin Ellen Blunt's minutes of the meeting: "Cousin Arthur Brice, (10-3-1), explained how the idea of a Key Family Society had come up in his im mediate family. His Mother, Cousin Jeannie, (10-3), had been able to name from mem ory 75 of her 100 first cousins before she died at age 90 in 1950. President Weigle of St.John's College got in touch with the family in 1953, looking for living descendants to invite to the laying of a cornerstone. Cousin Arthur had only one first cousin and thought it would be nice to have more and for all of us to know each other better and be able to claim 100 or more cousins. " "Cousin Arthur" now feels that the claim at least has been established. You all have names and addresses of more than 100 cousins. As to knowing each other better -- time will tell. The record (see Project No. 1), has been set up at St.John's College Library. The response has not been encouraging. The financing has been on a shoestring that is about worn out. This publication is costing about $200. 00. There is $77. 53 in the Treas ury. "Cousin Arthur" now feels a little like the sergeant must have felt. who. in World War 1. released a homing pigeon from the line of battle carrying a message to the Army command post -- "1 have carried this bird as far as I am going to". Or Longfellow's bowman who knew not where his arrow would land. He cannot call on his only first cousin. George Hunt Pendleton 11. (10-1-1). died in 1938. He hopes that some one or more of the 100 plus will step up "in loco first cousin" and help him carry the ball from here on out. TAPS In announcing the 100th anniversary ceremonies commemorating the first sounding of the bugle call for "lights out" by Butterfield's Brigade after the hard fighting of the peninsular campaign early in July 1862. the New York Times makes the statement that "the piece ranks with The Star Spangled Banner in its appeal to Americans". The new call not only spread through the Union Army, but was taken up by Confeder ate buglers who could hear it across the quiet James River in tidewater Virginia. It was soon used at military funerals in place of the customary rifle volleys, which might attract enemy attention, and was played at the funeral of General Stonewall Jackson of the Confederacy. Like the Star Spangled Banner, its authority and appeal rests on tradition and use rather than on any legislative or executive action. 13 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Description An account of the resource The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Records contain correspondence, publications, and administrative and financial records relating to the Society, Francis Scott Key, and St. John's College. Many of the records involve compiling a genealogical record and address list of members of the Society, but the records also document Francis Scott Key's history and his influence on American society and St. John's College. For more information about the records, please see the <a href="https://sjc.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/9">finding aid</a>. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 15 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Freemen Stand, Volume 1 Number 1 (January 1963) Description An account of the resource Freemen Stand, Volume 1 Number 1 (January 1963). First issue of the newsletter for the Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key. Published in Sonoma, California. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brice, Arthur Tilghman, 1892- The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Society of the Descendants of Francis Scott Key Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - United States <a href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">https://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en</a> The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to St. John's College for more information. Please make sure to credit St. John's College using the citation provided in this record. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Subject The topic of the resource Key family Key, Francis Scott, 1779-1843 St. John's College (Annapolis, Md.) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SDFSK Records Box 4 Folder 2 Francis Scott Key Francis Scott Key Auditorium https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/a8c8690c64ceb1bd7f61fd2eac6d22af.mp3 fb868fc60ce201ae66d19791f917eebf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. Click on <a title="Formal Lecture Series" href="https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=5&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&sort_dir=d">Items in the St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Collection</a> to view and sort all items in the collection. A growing number of lecture recordings are also available on the St. John's College (Annapolis) Lectures podcast. Visit <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/st-johns-college-annapolis-lectures/id1695157772">Apple Podcasts</a> or <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6GDsIRqC8SWZ28AY72BsYM?si=f2ecfa9e247a456f" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to listen and subscribe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data audiocassette Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 57:56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cells and Genes Are Parts of Animals: Aristotle in the Late 20th Century Description An account of the resource Recording of a lecture delivered on September 16, 1994, by James N. Jarvis as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jarvis, James N. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994-09-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound recording Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Aristotle. De partibus animalium Cytology Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tape 1347 Alumni Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/9a614441dd040a4a6a9f0c5efb310915.mp3 43f3eeef2c7828f20a3ee9f12028b52f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data M4A Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:47:50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Pleasure of the Mathematical Text Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by Philip Ording on May 2, 2025 as part of the Dean’s Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean’s Office has provided this description of the event: “There is no shortage of evidence that professional mathematicians describe their work in aesthetic terms, but the terms they use, at least publicly, are limited. The oft-repeated ‘beauty’ and ‘elegance’ may be important components of mathematical taste, but they fail to convey its range or subtlety or how it relates to literary and aesthetic experiences beyond mathematics. This talk will highlight the material differences in logic, diction, imagery, and even typesetting that give tone and flavor to mathematics.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ording, Philip Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-05-02 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Mathematics--Aesthetics Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_OrdingP_The_Pleasure_of_the_Mathematical_Text_2025-05-02 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/814ec9540bd0e0403b390b32e28fda22.mp3 26e1089c2769488031641f089d2913b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data M4A Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:56:58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I Know Not Seems: Appearance, Reality, and the Grave of Ophelia in Shakespeare's Hamlet Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by tutor Kit Slover on April 25, 2025 as part of the Dean’s Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean’s Office has provided this description of the event: “In the final act of Shakespeare’s Hamlet the northern prince stumbles upon the grave of Ophelia, leaps in, and declares himself to the funeral goers: ‘This is I, Hamlet the Dane’ (V.1, 279). By calling himself the Dane, Hamlet seems to identify himself as the rightful king of Denmark—as though the grave, in particular, is his sovereign territory. The grave itself was dug by a sexton who took up his profession ‘on the very day that young Hamlet was born’ (V.1, 152), which also happens to be the day ‘our last king Hamlet overcame Fortinbras’ (V.1, 148), seizing the Norwegian lands of the latter. This acquisition is familiar to us from the beginning of the play because the ghost of the former king has appeared ‘in the very armor he had on/When he the ambitious Norway combated’ (I.1, 71-71). And the appearance of this ghost has set off a chain of events resulting in the death of the women into whose grave Hamlet leaps. In this lecture, I will attempt to understand this strange scene. Why is it here, in a grave with such uncanny ties to his own birth, the ghost of his father, and the ultimate fate of Denmark that Hamlet asserts his sovereign rights? Hamlet cries, ‘This is I, Hamlet the Dane,’ but what, in short, does he mean by the word this?” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Slover, Kit Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_SloverK_I_Know_Not_Seems_2025-04-25 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/90ffa477ec3d107b85c9e87e750c3a8f.mp3 16d0b1855a02361814ca70f5f133a96e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data m4a Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:01:08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource King Lear's "Love Test" Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by David Hayes and Jeremy Schwartz on April 18, 2025 as part of the Dean’s Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean’s Office has provided this description of the event: “The ‘Love Test’ in King Lear is widely understood to be the central puzzle in one of Shakespeare’s greatest plays. As part of a political succession plan, it seems unnecessary. As part of a loving relationship between parents and children, it seems grotesque. It doesn’t even seem to be a real test, since the result is supposed to be pre-ordained. While it is clear that the disastrous results of the test set the whole tragedy in motion, neither we nor the characters within the play seem to grasp the ‘why’ of the test itself. In this talk, we will argue that the ‘Love Test’ is best understood by reflecting on the vexed question of the ends of the parent-child love relationship. Surprisingly, Shakespeare challenges the view that the filial pious child solves this vexed question, opening the possibility that parent-child love is tragic.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hayes, David ; Schwartz, Jeremy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. King Lear Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_HayesD_and_SchwartzJ_King_Lear's_Love_Test_2025-04-18 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/ff7bfd4169bfe68641bb849521eb84b3.MP3 e26431b0eac6a9f2919d3c3b675c789c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:01:03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speedy Achilles Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by Tutor Emeritus Howard Fisher on April 9, 2025 as part of the Dean's Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean's Office has provided this description of the event: “Galileo’s mathematical treatment of ‘speed’ perennially draws questions about both the validity and presuppositions of his argument. But perhaps we can make more sense of Galilean speed when we find in it traces of Homeric speed: the speed of ‘speedy Achilles.’ We may also find some Homeric grounding for an algebraic form of discourse exemplified by the Taylor Series—a form that moves uneasily between favoring being and favoring fact.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisher, Howard J., 1942- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche. Relation A related resource https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/show/8044 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_FisherH_Speedy_Achilles_2025-04-09 https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/2689666d1da8a00f354c975ab498fc44.pdf acfa92beb17bbdb4ca373b8160a5b135 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speedy Achilles Description An account of the resource Transcript of a lecture given by tutor Howard Fisher on April 9, 2025 as part of the Dean's Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean's Office has provided this description of the event: "Galileo’s mathematical treatment of 'speed' perennially draws questions about both the validity and the presuppositions of his argument. But perhaps we can make more sense of Galilean speed when we find in it traces of Homeric speed: the speed of 'speedy Achilles.' We may also find some Homeric grounding for an algebraic form of discourse exemplified by the Taylor Series—a form that moves uneasily between favoring being and favoring fact." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisher, Howard J., 1942- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche. English Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_FisherH_Speedy_Achilles_2025-04-09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Transcripts—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College at the Santa Fe, NM campus. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 16 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speedy Achilles Description An account of the resource Transcript of a lecture given by tutor emeritus Howard Fisher on April 9, 2025 as part of the Dean's Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean's Office has provided this description of the event: "Galileo’s mathematical treatment of 'speed' perennially draws questions about both the validity and the presuppositions of his argument. But perhaps we can make more sense of Galilean speed when we find in it traces of Homeric speed: the speed of 'speedy Achilles.' We may also find some Homeric grounding for an algebraic form of discourse exemplified by the Taylor Series—a form that moves uneasily between favoring being and favoring fact." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fisher, Howard J., 1942- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-09 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche. English Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_FisherH_Speedy_Achilles_2025-04-09 https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/070dd7a4c9235bfa3062709ae4ac4b9f.mp3 bc341b1fc400d8ecd74456d935b01f8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data M4A Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:57:16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Right Thoughts at the Last Moment: Buddhism and Deathbed Practices in Medieval Japan Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by Jacqueline Stone on April 4, 2025 as part of the Dean's Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean's Office has provided this description of the event: "Premodern Japanese believed that one's dying thoughts could determine one's postmortem fate. Even a sinful person, by dying with a mind calmly focused on the Buddha, could be reborn in a 'pure land,' where one's enlightenment would be assured. Conversely, a stray distracted thought at that final juncture could send even a devout practitioner tumbling down into the hells or other miserable rebirth realms. The ideal of mindful death generated both hope and anxiety and created a demand for ritual specialists to serve as religious guides at the deathbed, contributing to Buddhist preeminence in matters of death management." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stone, Jacqueline Ilyse Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-04-04 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Death--Religious aspects--Buddhism Buddhism--Customs and practices Japan--history Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_StoneJ_Right_Thoughts_At_The_Last_Moment_2024-04-04 Friday night lecture Rohrbach lecture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. Click on <a title="Formal Lecture Series" href="https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=5&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&sort_dir=d">Items in the St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Collection</a> to view and sort all items in the collection. A growing number of lecture recordings are also available on the St. John's College (Annapolis) Lectures podcast. Visit <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/st-johns-college-annapolis-lectures/id1695157772">Apple Podcasts</a> or <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6GDsIRqC8SWZ28AY72BsYM?si=f2ecfa9e247a456f" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to listen and subscribe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data mov Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:06:58 URL https://youtu.be/ca-ZKJugQnA?si=cB7IuvD-uUOHabaQ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="https://youtu.be/ca-ZKJugQnA?si=cB7IuvD-uUOHabaQ">On Written Speech</a> Description An account of the resource Video recording of a lecture delivered on February 7, 2025, by Annapolis tutor Mary Elizabeth Halper as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Ms. Halper offers this description: "There are two kinds of speech: the speech we speak and the speech we read. This lecture is on the latter. By way of comparison with spoken speech, and with help from Plato's Theaetetus, Phaedo, and Phaedrus, the lecture will reflect on written speech as such, what it offers us and what it asks from us." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halper, Mary Elizabeth Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-02-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College has permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource moving image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource YouTube video Subject The topic of the resource Speech Written communication Plato. Theaetetus Plato. Phaedo Plato. Phaedrus Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LEC_Halper_Mary_Elizabeth_2025-02-07_ac Friday night lecture Tutors Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. Click on <a title="Formal Lecture Series" href="https://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=5&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&sort_dir=d">Items in the St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Collection</a> to view and sort all items in the collection. A growing number of lecture recordings are also available on the St. John's College (Annapolis) Lectures podcast. Visit <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/st-johns-college-annapolis-lectures/id1695157772">Apple Podcasts</a> or <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6GDsIRqC8SWZ28AY72BsYM?si=f2ecfa9e247a456f" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to listen and subscribe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Hyperlink A link, or reference, to another resource on the Internet. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data mov Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:43:39 URL https://youtu.be/zaOtM2cdiGQ?si=-IbDPGZmi-uNCcNw Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <a href="https://youtu.be/zaOtM2cdiGQ?si=-IbDPGZmi-uNCcNw">The Power of Solitude in Sophocles’ Philoctetes</a> Description An account of the resource Video recording of a lecture delivered on March 28, 2025, by Dr. Emily Austin as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Dr. Austin is an Associate Professor of Classics and the College at the University of Chicago, with research interests in Greek literature, especially Homer and depictions of solitude in ancient Greece. Her first book, Grief and the Hero: the Futility of Longing in the Iliad, explores the nexus of grief, longing and anger in the Iliad. She is currently working on a second book, Solitude and its Powers in Ancient Greece, which identifies surprising moments when ancient Greek poetry conceives of solitude as a good thing. Dr. Austin offers this introduction to her lecture: "Sophocles’ Philoctetes presents its lonely hero as incomparably wretched. Yet this suffering figure also claims that his isolated survival is something uniquely heroic. This lecture explores the tension between debasement and nobility in Sophocles’ play, taking seriously Philoctetes’ claims to heroism, which are unparalleled in the poetic discourse of his time." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Austin, Emily P. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-03-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright. Type The nature or genre of the resource moving image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource YouTube video Subject The topic of the resource Sophocles. Philoctetes Solitude in literature Heroes in literature Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LEC_Austin_Emily_2025-03-28_ac Alumni Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/fbd8839cb4b572ec64c78088e73b5058.pdf df9eea89af0e9f98fe1d716904906161 PDF Text Text On Written Speech Mary Elizabeth Halper 7 February 2025 Prelude As beings who have some hold on the workings of logos, we are blessed with two chief miracles, which, for all their mundanity, are no less miraculous. These are spoken speech and written speech. This lecture is on written speech as such. There is a temptation to suppose that the speech we read and the speech we speak are not all that different. Haven’t we heard it said – or perhaps have said ourselves – that the written speech we spend so much time with has its own voice? Isn’t it held as an aspiration that we enter into a conversation with these bundles of written speech we call books? And don’t we mark it as an achievement to find that some sample of written speech speaks to us? All these are familiar ways to conflate written speech with spoken speech. These are ready temptations, perhaps because we suspect that written speech needs such a conflation to come out fairly when compared to spoken speech. For when we start comparing the two, spoken speech seems to claim a distinct advantage. In the first place, spoken speech precedes written speech in time, both for our species and, usually, for each of us individually. After this first priority, many more and invidious distinctions suggest themselves: Spoken speech sounds; written speech is silent. Spoken speech is responsive, adaptable, immediate; written speech is impassive, indifferent, distant. Spoken speech is free; written speech is fixed. The one is alive – a child of the very breath that sustains us. The other is dead – dark marks dug onto a fair, flat surface. Perhaps such a stark hierarchy so simply delivered has already begun to rankle. Good. But hold – for in this unjust relief we may see through the supposed deficiencies of written speech to glimpse its distinctive character, 1 �its unique capacities. Let us compare the two, yes. But let us compare them as two, permitting ourselves neither any easy elision nor derisive ranking. In this endeavor, I will need help. And for that help I turn to Plato. As I said, this lecture is on written speech as such, not on any particular written speech. Nevertheless, I will recruit three Platonic dialogues – incidentally three of the four dialogues in which some written speech is present. It is not incidental, though, that Plato’s writings should be my allies and my touchstones. For the crucial difference in the powers of spoken and written speech is their very stuff: they are, after all, written speeches of spoken speeches – mostly spoken by a man who, within the dialogues, never wrote (or nearly so) and all written by one who, within the dialogues, never utters a syllable. I Let us start with the marks made by writing, since the most obvious difference between spoken and written speech is that the latter is visible. Written speech is inscribed speech, made from some definite system of figural characters. And since we are hewing close to the differences between spoken and written speech, let us narrow our sight to phonetic script systems. For unlike other forms of scripts – say, unvocalized systems or ideogrammatic systems – phonetic scripts aim to imitate the sounds of spoken speech, and thus offer us a place for the most delicate of distinctions. Phonetic scripts are the ones with which many of us are most if not exclusively familiar. English and French both, with some slight modifications, use the Latin script, which is phonetic. And, of course, Greek is written in a phonetic script. A and B or alpha and beta – the first two characters in these systems, these alpha-bets – announce their phonetic character straight away. What makes a script phonetic is that it can represent all the relevant sounds – that is, all the significance-bearing sounds of a language. And for that, you need characters for vowels and consonants. Being, as we are, finite and bound at some point to replenish what we expend, any sound made with breath has a start and a stop. We can modulate the sounds we make with our breath by shaping our mouths in different ways, and we can start and stop that sound with even more numerous and varied configurations of our tongue, teeth, and lips. The differently shaped sounds are vowels, and the sundry ways to pick up or leave off those sounds are 2 �consonants. There is an asymmetry here: Consonants, while they are the principal source of variety in our speech, cannot by themselves be spoken. As their class name tells us, they can sound only with some vocalization of a vowel. Their being sounded depends upon other sounds. A complete sound with its peculiar starts and stops is a syllable. An image for us: As with a line, the extremities of which are different in kind from it, a syllable’s length is its vowel sound and the consonants are the points wherewith it may begin or end. Phonetic script captures this heterogeneity by providing characters for both the vowel sounds of a language as well as the ever-attending consonants. But in that very capturing, it also erases this heterogeneity by providing what is always sonically dependent with a graphically independent character. To look at the character α and at the character β, nothing in their written shapes give any indication of their ontological asymmetry, or perhaps we should say, hierarchy. It certainly doesn’t look like β depends on α; as far as their inscribed form is concerned, they are equally letters. As written elements of speech, they offer no hint of the difference that makes all the difference when they are spoken together. With respect to their graphic character, they are as indiscernible as points – one is no different from the other. To return to our image: whereas a vocalized syllable has a continuous magnitude, like a line, a written syllable makes no such pretensions: it is as a collection of proximate points. Between the audible syllable and the visible collection of letters, some transmutation has occurred. We might think of the letters as composing the syllable, or the syllable as being decomposable into letters. But that’s not quite right, as it is not quite right to think of the line as composed of points. In spoken speech, the syllable is no piecemeal composition – it is a continuous whole. The vowels and consonants are always already together, discernible to the ear but only within the sounding of the whole syllable. Only in written speech are the elemental vowels and consonants discrete parts as independent letters. There is, then, no simple correspondence between a vocalized syllable and its written counterpart. Moreover, in becoming discernible to the eye, these literary elements of the syllable are excluded from the perceptible mode of the syllable itself. We do not – cannot – hear the letters, we can hear only the syllable. If we want to claim that the syllable is braided together from the literary elements – as Socrates suggests in the Theaetetus – then we have a speakable braid woven from silent strands. And these letters cannot be sundered from their syllabic 3 �sounding; clearly the consonants are unable to be either voiced or spoken, and even the vowels, though able to be voiced, will not be significant unless they undergo this strange transmutation and become a whole syllable, no longer a merely a letter. The way to know the whole – the syllable – and the way to know its parts – the letters – are completely exclusive. But we must not forget that the syllable is itself a part of a word. What becomes of literary parts and their syllabic wholes when considered in the more capacious context of a word? What kind of whole is a word? It seems that there may be two ways to reckon the material of a word: two irreducible ways to take apart the same word, two systems of division that have no common measure. The word as spoken has as its smallest meaningful part the syllable. And in the word as written, the letter plays that elemental role. When speaking, you cannot cut up Theaetetus’ name any finer than its four parts “The” - “ai” - “te” - and “tos.” But as a name scratched or printed on a page, it clearly has ten parts (or nine, if you’re counting in Greek). Here we encounter another asymmetry between spoken and written speech. The syllabic parts of a whole multi-syllabic word correspond immediately to the spoken word. When we know each of the syllables of a word, we recognize the word. There is a continuity between the syllabic parts and the whole word; the way to know the syllabic parts is the same way to know the spoken word. But not so with the literary parts. When we analyze the word into its elemental letters, we make a break that cannot be so seamlessly mended. We have divided past what perception can put back together. We have new parts, parts of a different kind than their whole. Yet, what we know by the parts does not seem to increase our knowledge of the whole. Knowing the letters does not add to what we know by the syllables. In knowing how to aggregate letters we do not come to know anything more about their aggregate. Or, to return to our image of the line: picking out some points on the line does not tell us anything more about the line than what we got from encountering the line itself. So what do we know when we know the parts proper to written speech? We do not gain knowledge of something perceivable about the word – that knowledge is exhausted by knowing its syllables. If not of something perceivable, then perhaps we gain knowledge of something intelligible, something strictly intelligible. For all that a phonetic alphabet corresponds to significant sounds, I hope I have complicated the notion that the written word is an imitative repetition of the spoken word. There is a discontinuity between written and spoken 4 �speech. Consider, again, consonants – when written, they gain an independence that was impossible for them when they were perceptible to the ear. But how? By what kind of act? This split through the being of spoken and written speech is accomplished by thinking. The consonants’ independence is a theoretical one, a work of abstraction, the result of thinking now acting apart from perception. Consider these two descriptions, again from Socrates in his conversation with Theaetetus: Socrates describes thinking as “soul... conversing, itself asking and answering itself” and this in silence and before oneself alone. He also gives a description of speaking as “what makes one’s own thinking evident through sound with words and phrases, pressing his opinion into the stream through his mouth as into a mirror or water.” Spoken speech is an image of thinking shaped in the medium of what flows, as breath flows through our mouths, over our tongues, past our lips. The medium of the image is essential to the image: spoken speech expresses thinking as flowing, and flowing as a stream does. We can, in spoken speech, get ahead of ourselves. Our spoken sentences can run headlong, and sometimes on and on. It can even feel as if our spoken speech is outstripping the thinking it communicates. Spoken speech gives expression to the venturesome, precipitate, ecstatic character of thinking. But Socrates’ first description of thinking does not quite fit with this image. Thinking possesses another characteristic – one that cannot be captured with the image of a flowing stream, but perhaps is better imaged as an eddying whorl. Thinking can turn around on itself. It has the power to arrest the direction of its flow. It is capable of repose and riposte. Thinking as reflexive and recursive, as silent and self-considering – this is the activity of thinking uniquely exercised in written speech. In making written speech independent from spoken speech, thinking earns a kind of independence for itself. In written speech, thinking separates what in sounded speech is inseparable, and in doing so it makes a place for this distinctive activity. The discontinuity between written and spoken speech arises from thinking making room for itself. Perhaps then it is not so surprising after all that written speech adds nothing to our knowledge of the word already perceived through spoken speech. Written speech is not an addendum to spoken speech, but an independent desmesne with its own mode of signifying. And the special significance that belongs to written speech shelters the soul’s silent, selfconcerned activity. With written speech, thinking makes for itself a home in 5 �which it may return to itself, a place where it may freely play out its peculiar ability to turn around and face itself. Perhaps you suspect that you are catching the bitter scent of solipsism. In focusing on the discontinuity of thinking, in describing written speech as thinking’s self-made home, have I in fact locked thinking away in an isolated cage of its own making, condemning it to a frictionless spinning of selfconcern? Has this interpretation of visible speech made the thinking therein opaque, impenetrable, impermeable and thus unable to be shared? No – at least, I hope not. But the path now open may be even more unsettling. II Let us begin again with another asymmetry: Spoken speech is to speaking not as written speech is to writing. I’ll say that again: spoken speech is to the act that generates it not as written speech is to the act that generates it. Of the first pair, speaking is primary. Speaking is the place of the speech’s fullest being. Spoken speech apart from speaking – like a recording or a recitation – is a residue of the real thing, clearly derivative and diminished. Even the likes of Phaedo reporting so poignant a conversation as the one had on the day of Socrates’ death cannot escape the loss of some of the living speech. And I think we can all recognize the loss of something essential when we listen to a recording of living speech – perhaps one reason why we do not allow anyone to record our seminars. Speaking belongs to a moment, a context, an occasion, and a speaker. The source of spoken speech’s integrity and significance is in the speaking. None of this is so for written speech and writing. Far from being primary, writing is a sort of antecedent accident to the written speech – merely the way to bring about what is the real thing. Written speech is no residue of the act of writing, its lingering after-image; written speech is the fulfillment of the writing. Writing is for the sake of having written, and written speech is in its very structure meant to be complete, to be whole. To borrow some terms from the study of grammar, we might say that while the progressive aspect is proper to spoken speech, written speech belongs in the perfect aspect. And under this perfect aspect, written speech is also capable of independence. The discontinuity we observed in its material parts – its letters – appears again in its form. Written speech is made to be apart from its writer. The generative activity of written speech is exhausted in its generation. And 6 �because of this, it can bear being severed from its source. Once written, the speech includes all that it is to be, and thus bears its own integrity and significance. Because written speech is bounded, definite, and meant to be definitive, it admits of revision. Because written speech is discontinuous with the act that produces it, a new, distinct act of writing can work upon the same written speech. And because it is independent of the acts that produced it, it can be returned to again and again. Once the written speech is set down, it abides. It abides for the writer: ready to be recast if necessary (and we all know from our own experiences with writing that revising is almost always necessary). And, if all goes well, it abides for the reader: ready to be taken up again and again. This repeatability is not the same hollow hearsay we get in a report of living speech; or the reedy playback of a recording of living speech. Written speech allows – invites – a repetition of a different kind, and an indefinite number of them. By virtue of being separable and perfect in its separability, written speech can repeat in a way unavailable to spoken speech. Consider again Phaedo’s repetition of Socrates’ final day to Echecrates. Phaedo may affect Socrates’ manner when reciting Socrates’ words, but to Echecrates they are Phaedo’s words in some ineliminable way. Consider now reading Plato’s Phaedo: the signals of quoted speech (such as quotation marks and set phrases of “he said” and “he replied”) bracket the speech itself, and we in turn can easily bracket them. That is, in written speech the quoted speech appears as the quoted speaker’s; through written speech we can encounter the quoted speech more immediately. It seems difficult if not impossible for Phaedo to disappear into the speeches as he relates them to Echecrates. Whereas it is quite easy for us to completely lose sight of Phaedo when we read the Phaedo. It is even possible to – in fact, often, it is difficult not to – forget that Socrates’ quoted speech and Phaedo’s direct speech are in fact Plato’s written speech. We might debate fiercely (and likely fruitlessly) about just whose speech Plato’s written speech really is – but to the extent that this debate would be gripping, it is predicated on our detecting in Platonic dialogue some lively source at work, some provocative origin of the speeches. It may belong peculiarly to Platonic dialogue to bring us into intimacy with that source as much as it bewilders us about its identity. But this repetition of that origin – a repetition that brings us closer to rather than reminding us of our distance from that source – is an essential, peculiar characteristic of written speech itself. 7 �Written speech’s power to remain, independent and perfect, means it also has the power to preserve. Xanthippe, being shooed out of her husband’s cell, leaves with these parting words: “Socrates, now is the last time your companions will talk to you and you to them.” Xanthippe’s words are as penetrating as they are accurate. She is right. At least, we grant that she is right as far as Socrates’ spoken speech goes. But many if not all of us feel, at least for a moment, that she is not wholly right. Socrates speaks to us still, our soul longs to claim, each time we read the Phaedo. There – in the written speech – a sliver of a soul remains alive, saved from the grasping reach of death. Whether that bit belongs to Socrates or Plato matters less than that it can belong to us again when we read. In abiding, in remaining, the life of written speech is essentially an afterlife. Written speech, then, may seem to offer its writer a play for – and a play on – immortality. The story may go like this: a writer summons up speech from within her soul; she sets it down in writing; she picks it up again in rewriting; at last, she sends it away for whatever readers it may find. The speech, now affixed to parchment or paper, is free from her and also free from the death that will inevitably come for her. Her speech lives on in a new body – a repeatable body – and the original life it had in her may be relived for as long as it remains able to be read. This is a lovely story, and one that writers may sing to themselves over and over to bring comfort in the often toilsome, taxing labor of writing. It is a lovely story for us readers too. When we pick up what an author has set down, we can for a moment share the writer’s life, acquire an intimacy with her that overcomes the intervening time and space, which otherwise would be abysmal. But perhaps this story is too lovely. For it seems that the writer’s chance at an afterlife through writing depends on a reader reading. Perhaps it is truer to consider the living thought of the author as intermittently preserved in the written speech. That is, the written speech is an inert vessel, an embalmed body, keeping the living source in stasis until a reader comes along to quicken it. The reader then reanimates the written speech, makes it capable of speaking again, like the dead that drink of Odysseus’ blood offering. And like Odysseus, we readers may have to sacrifice so that the the speech can live again and its writer live on after a fashion. The written speech is then like a corpse or a shade; the afterlife it provides its writer is occasional – relying on the occasion of being read– but to the extent that it is still a kind of life, still a possibility for communion, this more sober story 8 �is still a noble one. That written speech relies on a reader prompted us to tell a more sober story. Thinking of written speech as a corpse more ennobles the reader’s activity, which then becomes a kind of near-divine act of resurrection. But if the original speech is to keep its integrity, that is, if we are not to diffuse the integrity of the speech-corpse as we infuse it with our own spirit, then the written speech cannot be simply a dead body, no matter how well-preserved. As much as we want the writer to live on in her written speech, so much are we deterred from taking written speech to be dead. Written speech as a shadowy imitation of the once-living helps with this unease. Our reading reanimates the written speech by setting in motion some residual morsel of the once-living soul that made the speech of itself. In reading, we call the imitation into a connection with its original and therewith assure ourselves somewhat that the written speech preserves the original thinking. We are brought to this middling position because we want written speech to grant continued life to its original source in such a way that preserves both its liveliness and its originality. We want the living speech of the writer to live again in us, but if the living speech is dormant until we take up the written speech, then the written speech without any reader is still dead. Then again, how could it not be? If written speech is to preserve, it must stay the same – it cannot grow or adapt or give off new shoots. The difference between dead written speech and dormant living speech is supplied only by a reader. So what else is a reader to consider herself than a resurrector or a shade-summoner? What else indeed. Let us ask again: how could written speech not be dead? Both the lovely and the sober story, show a lingering affection for and privileging of spoken speech – a return to the notion that written speech is only an imitation of spoken speech. If we want to say that in the written speech we hear the writer speaking to us, then we’re modeling written speech off of spoken speech. Indeed, in our haste to secure for the writer/speaker a life in her written speech, we may be doing just what Socrates hopes to avoid on his final day. He advises Simmias and Cebes to care rather for the speech than for the speaker, lest he, Socrates, departs as a bee that has left its stinger behind. To insist on keeping the speech attached to the speaker is to keep the stinger even as the bee buzzes off, in fact, buzzes off now to die. Instead of securing life for the writer, we keep only a remnant – a shred of her shade or a crumb of her corpse. 9 �In the stories I have just told, the writer’s thinking escaped her own mortality by taking on a new body in the written speech. But here’s a new story: a writer summons up speech from within her soul; she sets it down in writing; she picks it up again in rewriting; at last, she sends it away for whatever readers it may find. The speech now separated from the author’s mortal coil is a working of the soul separated from a body. The written speech is no new body; it is a soul concentrated and separated in an act of articulated thinking. And what is it to separate the soul from the body? It is to die. And that song that authors might sing to themselves as they write? It is not a consolation for a death to come, but for the dying that makes written speech possible. Now, this is unsettling, indeed, but let us not blink at it. If death is the separation of the soul from the body, then the result of death is twofold: a corpse and a soul by itself. But as we saw with written letters, the decomposition of the whole does not conserve all of its parts. For the bodysoul composite is lost as well; the particular self that lived all its life as this body-soul composite does not survive the separation. I will remain silent on whether this is the truth of our lives, but I do propose that it is true about written speech. Writing is a practice of dying and being dead, and written speech is living thinking itself by itself. It does not grow or change or adapt, but that is not because it is dead. It endures precisely because it is always and only what it is. Writing separates thinking from the thinker, not as dead thoughts requiring resurrection, but as living thinking. In this separation, the thinker – the writer – is left behind. Far from being an expression of the writer, or a self-reported record of a thinker’s thoughts – the working of the soul in written speech is separated not only from the body, but also from the writer’s self. The speech that seemed to be the writer’s proves to be its own. Written speech annuls its own parentage: its genesis is accidental to its being. So the writer, in writing, becomes to the written speech a no one. The speech of the writer, as written speech, does outlive the writer, but at the cost of no longer belonging to the writer. Written speech separates the speech from the writer finally – this is the ground of the features we saw earlier: written speech’s perfect aspect and its preservative power. Written speech does preserve its original source, its true parent. But written speech’s true parent is not the writer; its truth birth and its everlasting life is in the thinking that never was anyone’s. 10 �And in this, written speech again proves a peculiar kinship to thinking. It is because thinking belongs to no one that written speech has this possibility. This is perhaps a less obvious feature of thinking than its recursive power. But when it exercises this power, when it delights in its own activity, thinking belongs only to itself. Thinking in its silent, self-concerned activity, thinking that commits itself to written speech is anonymous. The only self of significance is thinking’s self, the self it discovers when concerned with its own activity. This is not to say that no thinker is required – as it cannot be said that no writer is required for there to be written speech. Rather, it is that no particular thinker is required. Whatever is thinkable is in principle thinkable by any thinker. Thinking may be contingent on the myriad of intricate details that go into making any one thinker just who she happens to be, but thinking in itself, thinking for itself, is unconcerned with its contingency. Thinking strains to be, and however it happens to come to be matters little to its being. Thinking is a concentration of the soul, the soul attending to its own activity – not as belonging to a particular body, not even as belonging to a individual self. Thinking is soul gathering itself to itself by separating itself from the self it is as jointly principle of thought and principle of a particular life. This power of soul to gather itself apart from itself is marvelous, yes, but not extraordinary. That our sinews and bones may be so movable that by them we may both walk and sit, so affected that in them we may feel both pleasure and pain – this is an ordinary marvel too. The ordinary marvel of thinking is always ready to spring up. That real thinking is so rare and so difficult is not because thinking itself is scarce or shy. Thinking is difficult because it demands a bit of dying. III Perhaps you are yearning for that moment – some several minutes ago – when you were worrying about solipsism. Even the acrid odor of self-imprisoned thinking may smell sweet compared with the stench of thinking as dying. Or perhaps you are wistful for the moment – some fewer minutes ago – when you were entertaining that lovely story in which the writer and the reader are joined through the medium of graphically preserved thoughts, overcoming all manner of distance to commune: the generosity of the writer and the gratitude of the reader united in a beautiful moment of grace. This is indeed 11 �a lovely story, and it is so because love seems to be at its heart. Your preference for life and love can hardly be held against you. And you have experience on your side. As a devotee to the written word, you have likely experienced the feeling of some slumbering part of your soul thrilling to life when you track a thought through a thicket of written speech, or the feeling of warmth and solace when you discover a deep kinship with a writer. These are dear moments, and I would consider it a painful blow against the account just given if it is unable to support them. Let me first address the stench of death: To say that thinking demands a bit of dying is not to say that thinking is death. Dying is the soul separating from its concern with the body, the soul grasping independence from the impingements of individual existence. This is not death as an irreversible state, but it is dying as an activity in which the agent, the thinker, is busy with becoming irrelevant to the act of thinking. This activity is not permanent, but intermittent. The kind of dying that thinking takes is an interruption of concernful being in the world as an unrepeatable individual, not the end of all possibilities for that individual. And this feature of discontinuity is mirrored in written speech. So, likewise, to say that writing is a practice of dying and being dead is not to make it into some sinister ritual. The act of writing is also a feat of becoming irrelevant. The act of writing is the act of making the agent, the writer, irrelevant to the written speech. To be done writing is to be done making a difference to the written speech. Once the written speech is complete, that is, once it is living thinking itself by itself, it cares as little for the particularities of the writer as of its reader. This indifference of written speech grounds its power to be an occasion for anyone to think. On this account, to sense your soul sparking to life when you become absorbed in written speech is rather to detect thinking absolving itself of its concern with all the contingencies of your being. You may still be unsettled about thinking as dying, but I hope the notion is no longer noxious. Yet, to the extent that this account has become less noxious, the status of love in it has become obnoxious. That is, it seems that there is simply no room for any intimacy between writer and reader if the written speech makes all their individuality obsolete. And lest any of you surmise that this is merely a romantic desire to keep kinship with the writers you love best, we must also consider that written speech itself has incorrigible particularity. Not only is it written in a particular language, but it is the particular arrangement of particular words. Those particularities are 12 �constitutive of the written speech, even as the speech is supposed to mirror the anonymity of thinking. So how can we have both love and thinking, both particularity and anonymity, both individuality and ideality? This is the hard problem remaining to us, and to address it, I will turn to Plato’s Phaedrus. Socrates encounters young Phaedrus heading out of Athens’ walls and accompanies him to the countryside, speaking of Phaedrus’ recent rendezvous with Lysias. This Lysias has been giving speeches, and Phaedrus seems to have been captivated by them, in particular one about why you should give erotic favors to the one who does not love you rather than the one who does. In fact, Phaedrus is carrying a copy of this speech written down. After he reads it to Socrates, Socrates critiques Lysias’s speech and offers his own version of the argument. Then Socrates critiques his own speech and makes another – a majestic palinode – vindicating the divine madness of eros. But before returning to Athens, Socrates takes up the subject of speech itself, concluding with a critique of written speech. Even from this paltry synopsis it should be clear why the Phaedrus is a fitting dialogue to consider. Not only is love its great theme, but it also includes the most extended reflection on written speech that Socrates ever gives. As much as the Phaedrus is fitting, however, it is also potentially fatal to the account of written speech offered in this lecture. For Socrates’ account of erotic love and of written speech seems to keep them forever apart. By Socrates’ argument only living spoken speech, only dialogue is compatible with erotic love properly understood. To the extent that it is an image or imitation of dialectic, written speech may support a kind of loving friendship – philia – between the writer and the reader by sharing in common with the reader what is understood by the writer. But this is the only way written speech may be worthwhile. Speeches like Lysias’ are a misguided use of written speech, just as misguided as Lysias’ conception of erotic love. And it must be granted that Lysias’ speech does seem like it is an instance of written speech as I’ve described tonight. Although the speech is attributed to Lysias, the giver of the speech can be anyone and the speech can be given to anyone. The conceit of the speech is a non-lover persuading a non-beloved to take on the trappings of a lover/beloved relationship. But insofar as nothing but absence of love marks the writer, and nothing but absence of a relationship to the writer as a lover marks the audience, the speech by anyone to anyone is a speech of no one’s. And this aspect of anonymity is most manifest in the speech as written. If we imagine the speech as spoken, 13 �we must imagine it as spoken only as a set speech, only as a recitation of something already formed and formed in abstraction from any particular situation. If we try to imagine the speech as given from someone in particular to someone in particular, then the content of the speech belies its delivery. The particular giver of the speech, as the non-lover, could not have in mind any particular beloved as the addressee without calling into question his status as a non-lover – any particular affection on his part would undermine his claim to be a non-lover. This speech in praise of loving the non-lover is, and must be, utterly impersonal. Its danger is two-fold: not only does it get erotic love spectacularly wrong, but it also seems to have a seductive power: the speech captivates Phaedrus, so much so that Socrates titles him a lover of speeches. Perhaps Phaedrus delights in it because it can become his as much as it began as Lysias’. Indeed, he first attempts to reproduce it in his own words before the written speech is spied out by Socrates. The impersonality of the speech, made concrete by its being written, is the source of the allure for this lover of speeches, even more than the impersonality of the suggested love relationship is supposedly alluring for the non-lover and non-beloved. Phaedrus is drawn to the speech because it is no one’s, and the non-love is attractive because it cannot involve anyone in particular. But just as the ground for the allure of non-love is the promise of control, so also control is the ground for the allure of impersonal speech. Nothing of you is at stake, nothing of you needs to be entangled in an impersonal speech or a non-love affair – you simply get what you already know you want and you need suffer no affect. And on this understanding of love, to love speech is to collect it, confine it, freeze it in one’s soul for memory to fish out at a whim. As the danger is two-fold, so is Socrates’ critique of Lysias’ speech and Phaedrus’ reception of it. Socrates first deals with the content of Lysias’ speech, erotic love; and then he attends to Lysias’ speech as speech, and particularly as written. Written speech plays no part in the rehabilitation of erotic love, and erotic love plays no part in the assessment of written speech. Given our interest in written speech, let us look to Socrates’ second critique first. Socrates’ critique of written speech begins with a story about its genesis. Theuth, the Egyptian god of many a techne, presents to Thamus, the Egyptian god-king incarnation of Ammon, an array of inventions for Thamus’ judgment, including his invention of letters. Upon submitting this invention for Thamus’ appraisal, Theuth lauds it as a drug – a pharmakon – for mem14 �ory. But Thamus responds to the invention as if it were a poison – again, pharmakon – written speech will weaken, he predicts, not strengthen memory. Written speech is helpful not for memory but for reminding, and the faith put in this recollection from without will enervate the power to recollect from within. The supposed moral of this myth is that written speech is medicinal only for those who already know what is in the written speech and a poison dressed up as a drug for those who do not know. This pharmaceutical written speech, Socrates continues, can only say the same words over and over to whoever picks it up. That is, it cannot respond adequately to continued inquiry, it cannot discern between the reader it will help and the reader it will harm, and it cannot defend itself against malignant interpretation (nor, we must imagine, can it confirm just interpretation). The target of Socrates’ critique is a insensitive, indiscriminate, and impotent written speech, a written speech that is strictly instrumental, a technical written speech. And with it goes a technical way of reading. Technical reading adopts the posture of user to the written speech. Even the chilling term “consumer” is too lively for this kind of reader, inasmuch as consuming suggests at least the possibility of metabolizing the written speech. Technical reading carts written speech along as a tool to be leveraged. Even when that tool is carried within the soul, that is, even (or perhaps especially) when the written speech is memorized, the technical reader’s relationship to it is wholly extrinsic. Technical reading may internalize the speech but only to the extent that it makes part of the soul external to the rest. Technical written speech is made for use, and technical reading makes of us users. But from this wreckage of written speech, Socrates offers a glimmer of hope. There is, he says, a legitimate brother to the just-critiqued kind of writing: it is the written image of the living, breathing speech in the soul of the one who understands. This written speech, by virtue of the dialectical art that generated it, inscribes the living speech of the writer in the soul of the reader. The reader’s soul is thus inscribable because he too has the capacity for the dialectical art. By virtue of the writer’s kinship of soul with the reader, this written speech will plant seeds that flower and fruit perennially. The dialectical affinity between writer and reader allows written speech to overcome its defects; the capacity for true understanding shared by writer and reader allows written speech, despite its constitutive discontinuity, to be a method of communion. Socrates rescues written speech by making it the thing in common among friends, among those who are alike in their love 15 �of wisdom. This noble written speech is the sort about which we told our loving, lovely story, and it alone, according to Socrates, is clear, perfect, and serious. This written speech alone is clear – but clear like a transparent window; it is perfect – but perfect as knowledge is perfect and as learning is imperfect; and it is serious because it has a lofty function to fulfill. That is, the whole of written speech’s redemption rests on the one who makes it and the one who takes it up – written speech itself is not redeemed. The critical difference between technical written speech and its legitimate brother is with respect to the father: if it is sired by one who has come to know through the dialectical art, then it can be used to reach others who need only reminding of that art to recover their own knowledge. And on this model, the graphic character of the speech is only ancillary – much like a mother is considered merely a receptacle for the formative seed of the father – the written speech is merely a medium and never the message. Likewise, when the reader takes in the speech, he does not adopt the sons of this writer-father, but sires his own soul-sons. That is, what flowers and fruits in the soul of the reader is his own thoughts. The legitimate reader of the legitimate speech is reminded of what he already knows, brought to awareness of his slumbering knowledge by the scribblings of the legitimate writer. This recollection on the part of the reader is indeed from within, but the written speech remains wholly without. Thus legitimate written speech is just as much made for use as its bastard brother, and it just as much makes of us users, however nobler. So here is Socrates’ response to our riddle about written speech: We were in love with speeches in the wrong way. Because of our misguided love, we mistook written speech to be something worthy in itself, possessing its own unique relationship to thinking. The problem grew out of our misunderstanding of the nature of written speech; our mistake was in making it more than a tool for extending spoken speech. According to Socrates, written speech is at best a technique for uniting lovers of wisdom in friendship and at worst a seductive sham of wisdom itself. We can attain the best and avoid the worst, only if we recognize that the most written speech can be is a useful imitation of living, spoken speech. That, I surmise, is Socrates’ answer. But is it Plato’s? Or rather, is it the Phaedrus’s answer? Within the dialogue, eros and written speech are accidentally thrown together in Lysias’ speech. Socrates’ effort throughout the dialogue is to separate them. But what Socrates attempts to divide 16 �within the dialogue is ultimately and irrevocably united in the whole that is the dialogue itself. What is only accidental within the dialogue becomes necessary as constitutive of the written speech that is the dialogue itself. From within the dialogue, it seems only coincidence that Phaedrus meets Socrates, that Phaedrus happens to have just this speech of Lysias; but if not for these, there could be no Phaedrus, the dialogue we read. From within the dialogue, Socrates’ speeches on eros and his treatment of written speeches are united only by Phaedrus’ lingering interest in written speech; but were we to read only the one or the other, we would violate the integrity of the dialogue. That the dialogue is written speech accounts for its capacity to transform contingency to necessity and bind otherwise lonesome pieces into a genuine whole. Socrates himself alludes to this capacity of written speech when he first critiques Lysias’ writing. Before he launches his more comprehensive reproof of written speech, Socrates names some features of well-written speech that Lysias’ speech lacks. But what Socrates identifies only as a sign of good style, I believe, is a possibility that discloses the perfection of written speech. This feature is anagke logographike or logographic necessity, which I would gloss as the necessity belonging to speech written thinkingly. The -ikos ending indicates the art or science corresponding to the root word. So we have logo – speech – graph – as written – ike – in an way that belongs to a craft or a science, or, in a way dictated by thinking. When all the parts and particularities are put together by the rule of thinking, then the written speech possesses logographic necessity. Then there is nothing accidental, nothing extraneous, and nothing meaningless in written speech. When every letter, every word, every relationship between every word, every relationship between every sentence is just as thinking demands, then the written speech becomes like a living creature – to use the image Socrates does. The likeness to a living creature holds not just with respect to the composition of the animal but also to the life of that animal. For animals have whatever head or feet they have arranged the way they are because of the kind of life the animal leads. The whole determines the part as an element organized for the living of the whole. Logographic necessity allows written speech to live. If written speech can attain logographic necessity, it need not be only an imitation of living speech as spoken. It has the possibility of life on its own terms, with as much a dignified relationship to thinking as spoken speech has. Note that written speech lays claim to necessity not by scrubbing itself 17 �clean of contingency, but by submitting every bit of its possible peculiarity to the bidding of thinking. Likewise for thinking. The anonymity of thinking is not the absence of personality, as if what is needed is to ignore your unique specificities. Thinking is not an abstraction from your contingency, but the concentration of your ownmost activity. Thinking absolving itself of its concern with all the contingencies of your being is at once you offering all your contingencies to be absolved. Thinking as an interruption of your concernful being in the world takes you being concerned with thinking. For just as much as thinking is no one’s, no one can do it for you. This paradox, that the absolution of identity demands absolute involvement of your most intimate self, is not only the paradox of written speech, not only of thinking; it is also the paradox of erotic love. In his fabulous palinode, Socrates reveals that the true end of erotic love is not the premeditated possession of a body but a spontaneous striving for beauty. Its true character is an all-consuming madness that cannot be moderated without being negated. I will trace just one – one! – of the many mythic images Socrates enlists to wrangle the mystery of erotic love. The immortal human soul is originally and essentially a winged denizen of an intelligible hyper-heaven, but it is recurrently and inescapably dragged to the earthly plane and bound in gross flesh. When, thus bodily incarcerated, a person falls in love, the lover’s attraction to the beloved is due to the soul’s attraction to the divine ideas it left behind when it became captive to a body. The lover’s captivation with the beloved frees the soul from its sclerotic seclusion in a body. The more the lover devotes himself to the beloved, the more his soul is nourished by what it strove after in its life apart from the body. The lover fully in love bears in his soul both a repetition of how it was before the lover was born and a presentiment of how it will be after the lover dies. The soul is transformed by this nourishment, returning to the winged form it had when it was most wholly itself, that is, when it was utterly detached from any of the particularities of the lover. Yet, the love is begun and continues in the particularities of the lover and beloved. Their idiosyncracies are not a one-off instigation to the love, to be dismissed once the love is underway. They are the continual occasion for the love, recurring prompts to the soul to collect itself into anonymity. All these peculiarites of their persons are poured into the soul’s striving to return to the ideas, to return to the place where peculiarities cannot be recalled. And in this way erotic striving is a rehearsal of dying. Soul gathering itself to itself from the self it is in its individuality, soul 18 �collecting itself into anonymity – I previously named this thinking. We see now that it can also bear the title eros. The wild spontaneity of self-concerned thinking is the divine madness of erotic love. And thinking and eros must be an undertaking of the whole self. All your unrepeatable particularity, the plenty of your contingency and complexity, every intricacy of your identity, all of this must be at stake for thinking to be love and love to be thinking. Coda As with all consummations in this corporeal plane, this one too is short-lived. We must eat; we must sleep; we must stretch our legs – and you will soon, very soon, I promise. And beyond the necessities of food and rest, we are subject to distraction by any manner of thing, diverted from even the most absorbing moments of love and its little deaths. Nevertheless, if we can hold out a little longer, we have a few loose ends to tie off. In my rapturous rush to the height of love and thinking, I seem to have left written speech behind. Of course, in Socrates’ story, spoken speech is the dialogical intercourse between the lover and beloved. But in my story, written speech is not the speech shared between lover and beloved – written speech is the beloved. Here is a last story: The writer glimpses the written speech, a hint of an idea bearing a silent promise of a beautiful whole. The writer pursues the written speech, devoting herself to finding just the words required, to arranging the sentences and paragraphs or lines and stanzas just as the idea, the thinking, her love bids her do. In turn, the reader picks up the written speech and finds herself captured by an intimation of its beautiful wholeness. She strives after this whole, devoting her attention to the words, their arrangement in sentences or lines, and their arrangement in paragraphs or stanzas. In this ardent attention to even the smallest moment in the movement of the written speech, she is summoned into thinking. The written speech is not the common thing among friends, but the same beloved of two lovers. The writer and reader are bound in their loving and echo each other’s dying. Their kinship is compelled by the written speech that arouses each soul into being what it was always to be: in love with and alive in thinking. 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College. During the Fall and Spring semesters, lectures are given on Friday nights. Items include audio and video recordings and typescripts. For more information, and a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <a href="http://www.sjc.edu/programs-and-events/annapolis/formal-lecture-series/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">St. John's College website</a>. 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Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Formal Lecture Series—Annapolis Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context formallectureseriesannapolis Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data pdf Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 19 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On Written Speech Description An account of the resource Typescript of a lecture delivered on February 7, 2025, by Annapolis tutor Mary Elizabeth Halper as part of the Formal Lecture Series. Ms. Halper offers this description: "There are two kinds of speech: the speech we speak and the speech we read. This lecture is on the latter. By way of comparison with spoken speech, and with help from Plato's Theaetetus, Phaedo, and Phaedrus, the lecture will reflect on written speech as such, what it offers us and what it asks from us." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halper, Mary Elizabeth Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-02-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College has permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Speech Written communication Plato. Theaetetus Plato. Phaedo Plato. Phaedrus Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context LEC_Halper_Mary_Elizabeth_2025-02-07 Friday night lecture Tutors https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/07bc0cf4bca759dea3124b8626d45853.mp3 9309e6321210635ddd3360539fcb7395 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data M4A Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:49:40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Zarathustra's Metamorphosis of the Mind Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by Steven Berg on March 7, 2025 as part of the Dean’s Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean’s Office has provided this description of the event: “Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra begins with Zarathustra descending from the heights of his overflowing wisdom to effect, in the wake of what he calls the “death of God,” the transformation of the historical destiny of mankind through the dissemination of his teaching of the “overman.” The overman, he proclaims, must now become the “meaning of the earth,” the supreme aim of the human will, and the ultimate object of all human thought and striving. The book ends, however, with Zarathustra, in the aftermath of the collapse of all his efforts to transmit this teaching, renouncing his doctrines of the overman and the will to power, and turning away from human beings and a concern with the historical progress of mankind, in order to retreat once again to his mountain solitude. This turn away from the will and history coincides with a turn toward the quest for truth of the soul and mind in their relations to eternity. The following question must arise for anyone attempting to understand the argument of Thus Spoke Zarathustra: What has happened to Zarathustra during the course of the drama of the book such as to cause this radical transformation of his thought. This lecture will make an attempt to begin to address this question.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Berg, Steven, 1959- Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-03-07 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900. Also sprach Zarathustra Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_BergS_Zarathustras_Metamorphosis_of_the_Mind_2025-03-07 Friday night lecture