43 20 5655 https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/af2c7b354f4bab6882f54982462821a6.pdf 4bfbaa2e47d1c84c4ff4fe2b3cf04646 PDF Text Text 2023 COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES Sunday | May 14 Two Thousand and Twenty-Three Annapolis | Maryland �PROGRAM For the Two Hundred Thirty-First Commencement in the Three Hundred Twenty-Seventh Year of the College Prelude Carrollton Brass Quintet Academic Procession The National Anthem Carrollton Brass Quintet Francis Scott Key, Alumnus, Class of 1796 Welcome Nora Demleitner President of the College Announcement of Prizes and Awards President Demleitner Joseph Macfarland Dean of the College Address to the Graduating Class Nathan Dugan Tutor Conferring of Undergraduate Degrees of the Class of 2023 President Demleitner Dean Macfarland Conferring of Graduate Degrees President Demleitner Emily H. Brooker Langston Associate Dean for the Graduate Program Recognition of the Class of 2020 Academic Recession President Demleitner Dean Macfarland Emily H. Brooker Langston Carrollton Brass Quintet �B A C H E LO R O F A R T S Kasparas Adomaitis Vilnius, Lithuania Huckleberry Finn: the Conscience of Mark Twain’s America Jack Alford Vienna, Virginia The Doomed Romantic: Failure and Fate in Lord Jim Rhett Anderson Thetford, Vermont Wild Apes & Savage Beavers: Examining Identity Post-Colonization in Aime Cesaire’s Discourse on Colonialism, James Joyce’s Dubliners, and Dr. Frederick Wiseman’s Dawnland: An Autohistory of the Abenaki Nation Max Anthon Haworth, New Jersey Terminal Philosophy A Closer Look at the End of Socrates Ella Rose Barron Denver, Colorado Voltaire’s Zadig ou la Destinée: A World Not Directed by Wisdom Joseph Bennett Amherst, New Hampshire A Linguistic Christ Figure in Phenomenology of Spirit Ben Berghammer Evanston, Illinois The Torments of a Deep Conscience: What it Means for Ivan Fyodorovich’s Heart to be Overcome by God in The Brothers Karamazov James Lawrence Bieneman West Bloomfield, Michigan What differentiates Newton and Leibniz in development and understanding of their calculus? Malaika Biwott Fairfax, Virginia The Demise of the Laborer Emory Richmond Boll New York, New York Magical Mystery Tour Searching for Soul, Self, and Solace in Jung’s Red Book Dashiel Donald Buyske-Friedberg God and Lucifer through Dante’s the Divine Comedy Philadelphia, Pennsylvania �Meagan Callahan Sunderland, Maryland What You Will: Desire and Happiness in Twelfth Night Stephen Dela Cruz Cariño Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands Fiction and Reality: The Imaginations of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer Gabriela Carroll Austin, Texas The Fruit of Unconscious Activity in Tolstoy’s War and Peace Sihwan Cha Busan, South Korea A Touch of Intellect, the Flesh of Man Bibhusan Chapagain* Hyeokjae Choi Kathmandu, Nepal Seoul, South Korea Wrestling with the Shade of Plato: The Meno and Lucian’s Hermotimus Joseph Cunningham Ambleside, United Kingdom Out from the Dark Wood: The Importance of Dante’s Awakening and First Steps into Hell Sam Detwiler Jenkintown, Pennsylvania No More. The Text is Foolish: Understanding Shakespeare’s Props in King Lear Jonah Donis South Hamilton, Massachusetts To See with Eyes Unclouded: A Look at the Myth of Er in Plato’s Republic Elizabeth SuAnn Dowdy Fort Worth, Texas Sisters by Chance or Sisters by Choice? An Examination of Sisterhood in Sophocles’ Antigone Samantha Duckworth On Book X of Euclid’s Elements Mira Dunan Emmart Holland, Pennsylvania Baltimore, Maryland Locke on Labor For the Right or For the Good? Isabel Emond Ocean City, Maryland Spellbound: The Risks of Learning in Plato’s Protagoras Mathew Fisher Weathersfield, Vermont Unnumbered Strands Exploration of Separation in Dream of the Red Chamber Vienna, Austria On Speech, or the Same and the Other Cristopher Barrett Ford Ardmore, Pennsylvania Stamping Ground, Kentucky A Cry for the Recognition of Living Poetry: Exploring Unreason in Don Quixote Alexander Ray Fodor Of Whales and Men Amanda Jayne Clemens Eleanor Carroll Elliott Reston, Virginia Freeing Minds: A Treatment for Ignorance Agnes Sands Galvin Millerton, New York To Be Mistress of Pemberley Kreider Chesterfield Grasse Philadelphia, Pennsylvania “The Summit of the Organic Scale” Is Man’s Superciliousness Justified by Darwin’s View Of the Progression of Man? Emerson Rieman Graves Charlotte, North Carolina “All Myth, The One Reality” of Helen in Egypt Noah Hale Seaford, Delaware The Paradoxical Hero and the Progress of Loss in Job Allegra Danger Hall Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Absence Makes the Heart: The Present Christ in Bach’s St. Matthew Passion Ella Naomi Harel Kirschner Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Phaedra the Philosopher Queen: Passionate Thought, Speech, and Deed in Euripides’ Hippolytus �Jonathan Harris Silver Spring, Maryland Returning Power to the People: An Analysis of Civil Responsibility in the Commonwealth, as Established in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan Matthew James Hogan Ava Marie Elisabeth Lehrman The Curiosity and Conviction of a Humble Man: On Faraday’s Electromagnetic Phenomena through Inductive Reasoning St. Helena, California Lakeland, Florida Paradox in Paradise Matthew Jungheim Highland Park, Illinois From Aeneas to Zion: An Account of the Essence of Two Nations John Frederick Kelly Annapolis, Maryland Evanston, Illinois Shaped by Absence: Negation in Jane Austen’s Persuasion Eyes Wide Open: An Inquiry into the Second and Third Chapters of the Book of Genesis Zixiong Lin Wenling, People’s Republic of China Daryl Jeffrey Locke Upper Marlboro, Maryland Lucie Carroll McCarthy Baltimore, Maryland Delay and the Bounded Self in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Jenny Kim Chungju, South Korea Involuntary Memory in Swann’s Way New Freedom, Pennsylvania Baudelaire’s Search for the Red Ideal in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Cincinnati, Ohio Corruption and the Art of Philosophy Education and Friendship in Plato’s Phaedrus Chicago, Illinois God, Moses, and the Golden Rule: Does Hillel’s Famous Statement Hold True When Reading Exodus? The Ubiquitous Experience of Exile in Baudelaire’s Swan Las Vegas, Nevada Outcast Child Monarch of the Clouds Isabella Martin Kiedrowski Hyojeong Lee Cedar Park, Texas “The Laws and Loss of Nature” Reinterpreting Tocqueville’s Observations on the Principle of Equality For the Modern Day Passion Nailed Down in America: An Inquiry on the Sovereignty of People The Quest for Political and Spiritual Moderation Rivka Koppel Nothing Beside Remains: The Breakdown of Morality in Heart of Darkness Sarah Janice Fairchild Lieberman Chelsea Johnson Craig Koch Ellicott City, Maryland Joshua Levins The “Dark, Sweet Stench” of Loam in Toni Morrison’s Sula. Mia Kobylski Needham, Massachusetts Law, Principle, Rule: What If Darwin’s Laws Are Taken as Laws of Physics? Burke, Virginia Ella Hougie Jake Lees Incheon, South Korea Isabel Lucille McDonald Gambier, Ohio The Social Outsider: Society, Adventure, and Freedom in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Sylvie McKnight-Milles Ellicott City, Maryland In Search of Physical Reality: A Journey through Schrödinger’s Mathematical Derivation of the Quantum Wave Function Elizabeth Lynn Meade Pewaukee, Wisconsin “You Must Not Be Here:”: Alienation through Law in War and Peace Ezra Melchor Catonsville, Maryland On Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals: The Doubt of Faith and the Will to Truth Megli Micek Las Vegas, Nevada Love, the Inevitable End of Everything in Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina �Jozef Miklasz Crownsville, Maryland The Five Rings Freedom through the Way of the Warrior Grace Frances Miller Trinity, North Carolina Santa Fe, New Mexico Louisville, Kentucky The Life of Isaac McCaslin From Faulkiner’s Go Down, Moses Giovanni Morgan Stuart, Florida The I That is We: How Community Sets Us Free in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit Elizabeth “Birdi” Mueller Ridgway, Colorado Saving Orlando: Marriage and Mannage in Shakespeare’s As You Like It Brooke Anna Murphy-Petri Darien, Connecticut To Love One’s Neighhhbor a Voyage into Gulliver’s Travels Lillian Pearl Lemmert Naill Baltimore, Maryland Old Westbury, New York The Torment and Ecstacy of Spleen and the Ideal Tom Ni Pfäffikon, Switzerland Virtue or Virtù: The Case of Scipio Matthew Nugent* Joseph Padgett Keene, New Hampshire Memphis, Tennessee Die Müh Ist Aus or Finding Rest in Bach’s Passion Lysithia Page Do We Get What We Want? An Essay on Plato’s Symposium Gorham, Maine Francis Proctor Annapolis, Maryland A Consideration of Inheritance, Rights, and Liberty Alayna Kay Louise Raymond Spanaway, Washington Finding Her Epos: An Investigation into Dorothea Brooke’s Potential for Epic Life in George Eliot’s Middlemarch Elli Megan Rees Llanelli, Wales Seduction: A means of Destruction or Reconciliation? Jennifer Reid Atlanta, Georgia Movement in Passivity: A Phenomenological Approach to the Development of Passivity in the Girl in Simone De Beauvoir’s The Second Sex Caroline Grace Ritter Arlington, Virginia On Personal Freedom and Historical Inevitability in Tolstoy’s War and Peace The Four Elements in the Epic of Gilgamesh: An Exploration of Duality within Nature Noah Negri Silas Nathanael Pillsbury On Attention and Identity: A Study of Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse Passion and Gospel: Bach’s Double Scoring of Matthew Caroline Kohl Moeller Chicago, Illinois The Dialectic of Violence: Frantz Fanon’s Wretched of the Earth Economy, Passion, Love Exploring What It Means to Marry Well in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Ruby Mariah Miller Angel Pantoja Jr. Garrick Buchanan Rodman The Identity and Ideals of a Man Betrayed Jacob Richard Rowley Bend, Oregon A Platform of Stability: Eternal Moment in To The Lighthouse Kostiantyn Rymar Kyiv, Ukraine Sin, Death, Suffering, and Baudelaire: How Evil Penetrates l’esprit and l’corps to Create the Deplorable Nature of the Human Condition Apurva Sharma Kathmandu, Nepal “A Shadow Here and a Light There”: An Exploration of the Self and the Other in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse Lirian Selene Spolaore Burlingame, California Glennville, Pennsylvania Washington, District of Columbia A Journey through Memory: Experiencing Time with Marcel Proust �Sachin Cyril Stanislaus Templeton, California On Legitimate Authority in Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s On the Social Contract: An Inquiry into the Possibility of Justified Social Relations Honor Dubarry Stanton Toronto, Canada The Degradation of Soul and Regime in Plato’s Republic Wyatt Sweeney Cleveland, Ohio Bona Fide: The Anatomy and Apotheosis of Identity through Montaigne’s Essays Nathaniel Talbutt Providence, Rhode Island Colossus! Interpreting Real and Symbolic Power in Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Julius Caesar Nicolas Turner Arlington, Virginia What Wants to Be Told: Self-knowledge through the Fables of Aesop and Jean de La Fontaine Nya Uberman-Gillon Olympia, Washington The Human Frequency: A Marriage of Opposites and Acceptable Paradox James “Cooper” Ussery Naples, Florida A Standpoint Beyond: On The German Ideology Paul William Vosteen Jr. Monterey, Virginia The Frenzied Pied Piper of Idolatry Libby Watson Houston, Texas Thinking of Thinking: Why the Phenomenology of Spirit is a Story Leonard Wells Washington, District of Columbia The Odyssey of L’russe Besuhof in Tolstoy’s War and Peace Tessa Wild St. Louis, Missouri “Unnatural Troubles”: An Exploration of Madness in Macbeth Tong “Cynthia” Wu Suzhou, People’s Republic of China Man as a Beautiful Animal: The Evolution of Human Civilization through Beauty in Charles Darwin’s The Descent of Man Jingyi Zhang Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China Mal of Les Fleurs du Mal Rose Meien Zhang Beijing, People’s Republic of China Something New Under the Sun in Kepler’s Astronomia Nova Yingxin Zhang Wenling, People’s Republic of China How One Should Live a Life: Moderation in Plato’s Republic �MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS Mark Acebo Perth, Australia Sarah Pendleton Alexander Alexander Phillip Andreosatos Jeffrey Robert Boatwright† Adam Burkhart § Annapolis, Maryland § Quincy, Massachusetts Los Angeles, California Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania § David Somerset Christian Cypress, California Jesse Clagett Dahlonega, Georgia Ari Spencer Coleman† South Jordan, Utah Benjamin Crocker Sydney, Australia Folke Egerstrom Santa Ana, Costa Rica § Matthew Ely Des Moines, Iowa Derek Foret Washington, District of Columbia § Fort Washington, Maryland † Jay Alexander Gold Madison, Wisconsin Ansley Starr Green Alachua, Florida Tanya Malita Fuller Steven Hayes§ Lawrenceville, New Jersey Jordan Loch Hill Perth, Australia † Joshua C Laperche § Connor Morrison Benjamin Stewart Pershall† Siobhán Autumn Petersen † David R. Pierce Ethan Pyle § Exeter, Rhode Island Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Severna Park, Maryland Shady Side, Maryland Santa Teresa, New Mexico Hartland, Wisconsin Walker Beau Rogalsky Winnipeg, Canada Kasey M Siciliano Cincinnati, Ohio Abdullah Wadood Bethesda, Maryland Chase Waller § Judith Jankowski Wrenn§ * Upon completion of requirements † Degree conferred January 18, 2023 § Degree conferred October 26, 2022 Chattanooga, Tennessee Fountain Inn, South Carolina �Welcoming back our Class of 2020 B A C H E LO R O F A R T S Tbel Abuseridze Batumi, Georgia On Voyaging Zainab Noor Ahmad Lucknow, India With Feminine Love & Beauty – A Close Look at Prince Andrei Bolkonsky Angelika Nora Alberstadt New York, New York Who Painted the Lion? An Analysis of the Wife of Bath in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales Alexander Thompson Albert Towson, Maryland The Influence of War and Peace on Individuals in War and Peace Emmet Allen Lexington, Kentucky Discovery and Concealment – An Examination of Meaning and Sedimentation in Husserl’s Crisis of European Sciences August Baganz Annapolis, Maryland And Repudiating Immolation: The Motion Towards Understanding in Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses Thomas Balding Long Island, New York Free Will and the Individual in War and Peace – An Investigation of Man’s Ability to Act in a Historical World Morgan Robert Edward Ballard-Wheeler Tucson, Arizona Love’s Language in Tristan und Isolde – An Exploration of Musical Meaning Darcy Marie Bohlin Santa Fe, New Mexico On the Amorality of Forgiveness Anne Lindsay Brong The Cumulative Action of Creation – A Calculus Under Darwin Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania �Martha Campbell Annapolis, Maryland The Perfect Words in The Perfect Order – The Power of the Poetic in Soren Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling and Whether it Succeeds in Saying The Unspeakable Charles John Carpenter Farmington, Connecticut The Natural Social Man – Finding Morality Free of Prejudice in Rousseau’s Emile Cole Caudle Sulphur, Oklahoma Dynamic Language – An essay concerning how our conception of language shapes how we engage with the world Yu Chieh Chang Taichung, Taiwan Between Love and Suffering – Confessional Language in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment Parker James Chlovechok Cambridge, Ohio Hindsight is Twenty-Twenty - An Analysis of the Different Forms of Memory and their Applications to Life and the Creative Process Raeann Clement Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago A Pursuit of Virtue Adelaide, Australia Time, Nature, & Empathy: A Portrait of Humanity in Goethe’s Faust Los Angeles, California Kathmandu, Nepal Zarathustra’s Solitude – A Path to Self-Overcoming Collin Doherty Richmond, Virginia A Moral Bath- Pierre’s Pursuit of Happiness in War and Peace “…And the Battlefield is the Heart of Man”: An Inquiry into Love, Judgement, and Suffering in The Brothers Karamazov Sierra Engdahl Estero, Florida How to Build a Good European: Nietzsche’s Pursuit of a Reformed Science Noah Estes Mosier, Oregon On Storytelling: The Art of Experience, Perception, and Symbolism in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Sadie Bromberg Funk Minneapolis, Minnesota Inseparably Interconnected Infinitesimal Elements: An Exploration of Tolstoy’s Science of History and its Mathematical Possibilities Tianqi (Simon) Gao Beijing, People’s Republic of China The Idea of “Conflicts” in Federalist Papers and Its Misuse in American Politics Pasadena, Maryland Pain: The Price for Greatness Carlsbad, California Death for Philosophers –A Guide to Dispelling the Fear of Death Through Lucretius’ On the Nature of Things Beebs Hartzell Houston, Texas Maddie Nell Fortier Jane Charlottesville, Virginia What Giants? An Exploration of Laughter in Cervantes’ Don Quixote Annapolis, Maryland On the Isolation Present in the Modern Poetry of Charles Baudelaire Kesi Emily Dremel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Antigone: Oedipus’s Complex Daughter Gorgias: The Rhetoric of Shame Mary Dray Ryan Andrew Eberlein Mitchell Harris How Ghosts and Art Catch Consciences Nishan Dhungel Washington, District of Columbia Marx, Engels, Ricardo, & Smith- Social labor: Marx’s Critique of Vulgar Economy Jodi-Ann Griffin Jack McGregor Condie Sam Cooper Samuel Dreyer Annapolis, Maryland Kaila Nicole Johnson Hagerstown, Maryland On Violence and Virtue: Hamlet and the Nature of Satisfaction in Revenge Stories �Anton Olegovich Kalmysh Yekaterinburg, Russia The Limitations of Prospero’s Project and Power Sila Karabiber Sakarya, Turkey Why Two Geometries: The Story of Parallel Lines Beimnet Kebede Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Irregularity: The Pseudo-Perfect Garden- A Deliberation of Perfection and its Place Within God’s Creative Process Alexander Kocinsky Trumbull, Connecticut Cairo, Egypt Alone on the Island of Man’s Knowledge – An Examination of the Social and Asocial in Hayy ibn Yaqzan Jameson DeWeese Marshall Fairfax, Virginia Loving others, by loving ourselves – An exploration of happiness in Rousseau’s Emile Tyler Michael Mazur Cambridge, Ohio The Fruits That We Bear – An exploration of character and action in Aristotle’s On Poetics and what the art of fiction tells us about our perception of reality Scott Stanaway McCrae Silver Spring, Maryland The Tension Within the Leaf: How Conflicting Ends Manifest in the Growing Plant Portland, Oregon A Quantum of Causality – Kantian Metaphysics and Quantum Mechanics Joined Vienna, Virginia Achilles’ Wager – On Fate in the Iliad West Chester, Pennsylvania Fear of Change: A Look at Time in the Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal Mackenzie Richard–Daffner Williamstown, Massachusetts Sitting in an English garden waiting for the sun – I Am the Walrus – The Beatles Erica Rochelle Root Ludington, Michigan Redemption and Damnation of Humanity: A Story Portrayed by the Lovers of Gounod’s Faust James Edward Rubidge Westport, Connecticut well maybe I’ve been wrong, maybe my intentions are irrelevant, but honestly, it’s not just for me. An Analysis of Maturity Through Henry IV Part I Sterling, Virginia Change We Can Believe In – Knowledge, Necessity, and History in Philosophical Fragments Hanover, Pennsylvania Finding Satisfaction in a Material World - An Analysis of Lucretius’ On the Nature of Things Family and Leadership in Shakepeare’s The Tempest Elinatan Nelson Zachary Radford Kassem Ayad Mansour John Schuyler Monday To Whom Do I Owe This Alienation? An Inquiry into Words and Meaning in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit John Pell Sacramento, California Hegel’s Critique of Pure Morality – The Use and Abuse of Conscience in Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right Sean Miller Stockholm, Sweden Edan Moses Otto “Man Errs as Long as he Will Strive” Zachary Leveroni Elisabeth Morell Thousand Oaks, California Gabriela Sanchez Wellington, Florida Miraculous Artworks – On Hannah Arendt’s The Human Condition Anna Seban Davis, California Swann in Search of Love and Art: The Role of Art, Aesthetics, and Appreciation in Swann’s Way Eireamhán Mitha Semple Dublin, Ireland & Islamabad, Pakistan The Generalisation of Economic Thought – An essay on The General Theory by John Maynard Keynes �Aishwarya Sharma Kathmandu, Nepal MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS Who Is Antigone? Living a Life Opposed to Life Glen “Quinn” LeRoy Shivel V Kennebunkport, Maine What Sort of Things Are we? Understanding our behavior through the teachings of Epictetus. Jakob Stief St. Louis, Missouri The Leap of Faith: Resolving the Dialectic between the Esthetic and the Ethical in Kierkegaard’s Either/Or Zuowen Tang How Kant Saved Me from the Void Mary Elizabeth Turner Cedar City, Utah Descartes’ Approach Muntinlúpa City, Philippines The Traveler’s Mind, from Both Sides of Jonathan Swift’s Fourth Wall Grace Villmow Brookings, South Dakota Judged, Sentenced, And Condemned - An Exploration of the Truth Behind Misogyny in Christine de Pizan’s The Book of the City of Ladies Logan Jefferey Zimmerman Andrew Dorchester Washington, District of Columbia Gregory LaMontagne Jordan Timothy Poyner Jordana Leah Stern Rozenman Quang Ngai, Vietnam Eloping in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Alberto Clemente Antonio Valenzuela III Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts Jaime Marquez Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China Hung “Jay” Tram Lee David Cranberg Wray, Colorado Confronting the Mask. An Investigation of the Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. Ryan Shinkel Annapolis, Maryland Arlington, Virginia Winona Lake, Indiana Washington, District of Columbia Annapolis, Maryland �PRIZES AND AWARDS To the Graduate Institute student who has written a distinguished preceptorial essay in the year 2022. Offered by the Alumni Association How Might a Machine Intend? To the member of the Senior Class who has written the best senior essay. Siobhán Petersen, Co-Winner Offered in memory of Susan Irene Roberts, of the Class of 1966 In Search of Physical Reality: A Journey Through Schrödinger’s Mathematical Derivation of the Quantum Wave Function The Three Peaks of Aristotle’s Ethics: A Critique of Magnanimity through Friendship and Wisdom Sylvie McKnight-Milles Quinn Rifkin, Co-Winner Honorable Mention On Personal Freedom and Historical Inevitability in Tolstoy’s War and Peace Caroline Ritter To the member of the Junior Class who has written the best annual essay. Offered by Mrs. Leslie Clark Stevens in memory of her daughter-in-law, Kathryn Mylroie Stevens To a member of the Senior Class, for excellence in speaking. Offered in memory of Senator Millard E. Tydings of Maryland Isabel Emond To the student who submits the best English version of a Greek text. Offered in memory of John S. Kieffer, President Emeritus Stephen Carino Dorothea Brooke’s Death and Resurrection through Art Dolan Polglaze Honorable Mention Yucen Han To the member of the Sophomore Class who has written the best annual essay. Offered under the will of the late Judge Walter I. Dawkins, of the Class of 1880 To the student who submits the best English version of a French poem. Let Him Who Has Ears Listen – Parable, Christian Privacy, and the Mechanics of Transformation Finn Yepkle To the member of the Freshman Class who has written the best annual essay. Saving Glaucon’s Soul – An Examination of Socrates’ Answer in the Republic in Relation to Glaucon’s Character Offered by the Board of Visitors and Governors LE CORBEAU ET LE RENARD FABLE Ava Lehrman To the student who submits a fine original English poem. Offered by Dr. George Austin in memory of his brother, Henry Untitled Lucie McCarthy Victoria Horsman Honorable Mention A Noble Risk and a Noble Lie: The Doubt and Deception of Socrates Kaleth Cushman Honorable Mention When Rajani poured her love Bibhusan Chapagain Honorable Mention Character in Nicomachean Ethics: Who is to Blame? Honorable Mention A Reservation Michael Engstrom Chelsea Simons To the Graduate Institute student who has written a distinguished tutorial essay in the 2021-2022 academic year. Offered in Memory of Laurence Berns by a donation from Joe Coelho Neither Evening nor Dawn: A Comparison of Μεγαλοψυχία and Σοφία in the ‘Nicomachean Ethics’ Jules Spiese To the student who submits a fine original musical composition. Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the Caritas Society 1987-1991 Alma redemptoris mater Tarik Mahmud �To the student who submits a fine essay on a piece of music. Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the Caritas Society 1987-1991 Elli Rees To the student who submits the most elegant solution of a synthetic problem. Offered by the Class of 1986 in memory of Bryce Jacobsen, of the Class of 1942, Tutor and Director of Athletics Emeritus Paolo Medelius To the student who submits the most elegant solution of an analytical problem. Offered in memory of James R. McClintock, of the Class of 1965 Paolo Medelius To the student who carries out a fine laboratory project. Offered in memory of Curtis Wilson by the Class of 1963 Not awarded To the members of the Senior class, through participation, leadership, and sportsmanship, have contributed most to the SJC athletic program, a special blazer. Jacob Lees Ava Lehrman To the member of the Senior Class who has contributed outstanding service to the Greater Annapolis Community. Offered by the Caritas Society of St. John’s College Ezra Melchor To the member of the Senior Class who has demonstrated the greatest care for and service to youth who reside in the City of Annapolis. Offered by the friends and family of Marvin B. Cooper, of the Class of 1969 Alayna Raymond To the member of the Senior Class who submits the best work of visual art to the Community Art Exhibition, the Charles Vernon Moran Prize. Daryl Locke To the Senior who has demonstrated excellence in the arts, literature, or sciences, the Walter S. Baird prize. World within Hjelmslev Disk Rose Zhang �CONGRATULATIONS, ALUMNI. Stay in touch. Get involved. Give back. sjc.edu 410-626-2531 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commencement Programs and Addresses Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Description An account of the resource Addresses given at commencement and programs of events related to, and including, the annual commencement ceremonies at St. John's College. Includes both the undergraduate and Graduate Institute commencements. <br /><br />The College Archives holds programs and/or addresses for the following years:<br /> <ul> <li>1796</li> <li>1835-1836</li> <li>1842</li> <li>1852</li> <li>1856-1857</li> <li>1870</li> <li>1878</li> <li>1880</li> <li>1890</li> <li>1893</li> <li>1895</li> <li>1897</li> <li>1907</li> <li>1910-1918</li> <li>1920-1924</li> <li>1928-1929</li> <li>1932</li> <li>1936-1937</li> <li>1939-1945</li> <li>1947-present  </li> </ul> Click on <strong><a title="Commencement Programs and Addresses" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=18&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&amp;sort_dir=d">Items in the Commencement Programs and Addresses Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context commencementprograms Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 15 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commencement Program, 2023 Description An account of the resource Program for the two hundred thirty-first commencement in the three hundred twenty-seventh year of the college. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource St. John's College Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023-05-14 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this publication. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CommencementExcercises2023 Commencement https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/d72b137e75853ef39259c4e5c2406ec0.pdf 2d69c38fff2e61f7dd4ef754c3a15c04 PDF Text Text 2024 COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES Sunday | May 12 Two Thousand and Twenty-Four Annapolis | Maryland ��PROGRAM For the Two Hundred Thirty-Second Commencement in the Three Hundred Twenty-Eighth Year of the College Prelude Carrollton Brass Quintet Academic Procession The National Anthem Carrollton Brass Quintet Francis Scott Key, Alumnus, Class of 1796 Welcome President Demleitner Announcement of Prizes and Awards President Demleitner Dean Paalman Address to the Graduating Class Mark Roosevelt Collegewide and Santa Fe Campus President Conferring of Undergraduate Degrees President Demleitner Dean Paalman Conferring of Graduate Degrees President Demleitner Associate Dean Boyle Academic Recession Carrollton Brass Quintet ��B A C H E LO R O F A R T S Erin Allen Coatesville, Pennsylvania On Physical Analogies, Quantum Physics, and Determinism Logan Arendt Levittown, Pennsylvania Beatrice or Ulysses: On Dante’s Sins in the Divine Comedy Parth Sarthi Bajaj Katni, India The Allure of War: An Examination of the Individual lives and the historical thoughts in Tolstoy’s War and Peace Emma Barron Monroe, Louisiana The Women of the Aeneid: An Exploration of Vergil’s Female Characters Lucinda-Cecilia Bellamy Washington, District of Columbia The True Vision of the Uncertain Self - (An Investigation of the Mystical Relationship Between Memory and Conversion) Peter Boersema Shoreline, Washington What are Political Economists For? Ana Bojaxhi Camarillo, California A Mental Discourse on the Jealousy, Greed, and Glory of Man in Hobbes’ Leviathan Luke Briner The Alone to the Alone: The One and the Good in Plotinus Northport, New York �Allyson Brink St. Louis, Missouri Reading the Oresteia with Cassandra in Mind Carter Brown Fairfax, Virginia Moving Without Ark: On Conversation and Compassion in the Book of Job Acacia Burnham Santa Fe, New Mexico Edgar I Nothing Am: Paradox & Performance in Shakespeare’s King Lear Leul Campbell Newburgh, New York The Inequality of Man: The Leap from Property to Slavery in Rousseau’s Second Discourse Seneca Case Grand Rapids, Michigan Eros and the Divine: An Exploration of the Role of Beatrice and the Feminine Form in the Divine Comedy Carolynn Ceci Bel Air, Maryland The Wind and the Wise: An Inquiry into a human’s application of Divine Wisdom Hannah Chavers Farmington, New Mexico The Lullaby of Philosophy and the Importance of Storytelling: A Musical Endeavor Propounded by Fear and an Effort to Uncover What Is Yiyang Cheng Suzhou, People’s Republic of China Home: the Stability, the Power, the Source of Struggle: The Power Distortion in the Family as a Cause of the Tragedy in Jean Racine’s Phèdre Paige Chesney Washington Grove, Maryland On the Sun, Equinox, and Celestial Recurrence in Dante Alighieri’s Paradiso �Caleb Clark Hollis, New Hampshire Perfectibilité and the Fall of Man in Rousseau’s Discourse on Inequality Marshall Cooperman Washington, District of Columbia The Role of Justice in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War Elisabeth Crosby New Haven, Connecticut Nietzsche’s Meditation on How to Survive History: A Return to Being Human Charles Dang Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia A Tale of Two Cities: An Exploration of the Atlantis Myth in Plato’s Timaeus and Critias Sydney Davis Arnold, Maryland Knowing Clytemnestra: On Fully Understanding Character, Past Initial Impression James Dormer Pleasanton, California A Web Sovereignty: On People and Power in Democracy in America Frederic Duch Clerici Barcelona, Spain The Fundamental Law of Natural Philosophy: An Investigation into the Scientific Mind Michael Engstrom Kenosha, Wisconsin Over Better Waters: Guidance and Innate Freedom in Dante’s Purgatorio Tallis Estevez Silver Spring, Maryland Purely to Look On: Consciousness’s Self-Examination in The Phenomenology of Spirit �Hannah Fodor Vienna, Austria What Does it Take to Believe a Story? A Look into the Imaginative Space in Don Quixote Audrey Fox Swarthmore, Pennsylvania The Drama of Justice: Thrasymachus and Glaucon’s Performance in Plato’s Republic Adam Francavilla Traverse City, Michigan Democracy in America: The Dangers of Democratic Revolution Tait Geijer San Clemente, California Things Change: Heraclitus’ Cosmology of Πῦρ Hannah Glick Warminster, Pennsylvania The Psychology of a City Ian Glueckert Columbus, New Jersey The Three Deaths of Prince Andrei: On Inevitability, Freedom, and God in War and Peace Daniela Gonzalez Lynn, Massachusetts What is invisibility? Oscar Gonzalez Silver Spring, Maryland The Hermit’s Sojourn: A Study of the Inner and Outer in Either/Or Stephanie Harris Happy Valley, Oregon Navigating Life’s Deluge: The Metaphor of Movement in Rimbaud’s Illuminations �Nelli Harutyunyan Yerevan, Armenia What is Philosophy Good For? Karina Havener Washington, District of Columbia Memory in Swann’s Way Troy Herner-Brown Alameda, California The Eye of the Beholder: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, and the Nature of Scientific Progress Gabiel Hess Stanardsville, Virginia An Essay on the Role of Reason in Dante’s Salvation and Ours Adelina Hill Bridgeport, West Virginia The Hidden Philosophy of Psychology and the Mystery of Man Henry Hills Easton, Maryland On the Mythical Riddles Concerning Paternal Succession in Hesiod’s Theogony Veronique Hornquist Miami Beach, Florida An Exploration into the Notion of Beauty in Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleur du mal Ian Howell Blue Hill, Maine “The Love of the Grotesque”: Nostalgia in Baudelaire Genevieve Hoyah Laurel, Maryland On Those Who Dwell in the Hollow of the Earth: A Hegelian Critique of the Human Body as Presented in Plato’s Phaedo �Zeinip Ibragim Kyzy Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Love’s Alchemy: Exploring Faust’s Transformative Journey and Its Implications in Goethe’s Faust Annelise Invanescu Dearborn Heights, Michigan Against Birth: An Analysis of the Concept of Death in Sophocles’ Antigone Alexandra Jacobs Austin, Texas Language and Signs: An Inquiry into the Embodied “Word” in the Gospel of John Robert Jacobsen Orient, Ohio Broken Crockery: The Greatness of General Mikhail Kutuzov Songeun Grace Jang Seoul, Republic of Korea An Attempt to Know the World: Exploration into Aristotle’s Physics Francis Kane Easton, Maryland The Machiavellian Notion of Virtue: (An Investigation of the use of Virtue in The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli) Ranger Kasdorf Waterford, Virginia Milton’s Elements Katherine Kennedy Charlottesville, Virginia When the Lights of Health Go Down: Virginia Woolf on Illness JinHyung Kim Haeundae, Republic of Korea On Self-Love and Perfect Liberty in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations �Sahn Kim Seongnamsi Bundang-Gu, Republic of Korea A Meaningful Life: In Thus Spoke Zarathustra Ranna Kisswani Las Vegas, Nevada From Soil We Were to Dust We Shall Be: Likeness & Createdness’ Role in the Fall Daniella Kolen* Baltimore, Maryland Dagny Kulkarni Redlands, California The Resilience of the Wild Rose-Bush: On the Interconnectedness of Human Nature and the Natural World in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Benjamin Kushnir Tokyo, Japan Concerning Spinoza’s Idea of Human Nature Valentine Lamb Falls Church, Virginia Criminal Blood, Justified Blades: Debt, Duty, Desire, and Death in Virgil’s Aeneid Ye Seul Lim* Alexander Macaulay Seoul, Republic of Korea Charlestown, Massachusetts The Moral Failure of Civilization in Gulliver’s Travels Bridget Mace Power for the Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales Chappaqua, New York �Benjamin Maier Oakland, California The Drowning of Hippasus: How Incommensurable Magnitudes Became the Real Numbers Nathaniel Martin Fort Worth, Texas Anomalistic Growth as Proof of Nature’s Goal: Metamorphosis’ transformation of understanding in Goethe’s Metamorphosis of Plants Allayah Mason-Koehler Valparaiso, Indiana Sinning and Sighing in Sign: Lies and Their Repair in a Paradise Lost Max Mersmann-Jones Stockton, California The Power of Two: In Search of a Fundamental Theory of Subjection Madelyn Minor Rochester, New York Repeat After Me: On the Relationships Between Images and Their Origins in the Tale of Echo and Narcissus Tuyět-Nhi Nghiêm Cerritos, California The Good in Bad Friends: Reaching for The Good Beyond Justice by Examining Friendship in the Nichomachean Ethics Charlotte Nicholas Cowbridge, Wales Natasha’s Final Harmony: On Music in War and Peace George Augustus Pananas Staunton, Virginia According to Nature: The Application of the Stoic System to Human Life Mila Passoff New York, New York One is Not a Lonely Number: Dedekind’s “Free Creation” and Scientific Knowledge �Dolan Polglaze Walkersville, Maryland Aristotle’s Biologist: Is Our Contemplation the Animals’ Salvation? Abigail Poppleton Storrs Manfield, Connecticut Songs of the Underworld: An Essay on Homer’s Odyssey Adam Powers New York, New York American Jeremiah: Providential Fact in Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America Daniel Redish Bloomington, Minnesota A Polity by Any Other Name: An Analysis of Naming in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War Catherine Row Glen Allen, Virginia Lilacs in a Thunderstorm – or – The Necessity of Art in the Face of Nature: A Reflection on Swann’s Way by Marcel Proust Sori Ryu La Mirada, California A Study of Geneology on the Royal Line of David Ahan Sagreiya Jabalpur, India Understanding Nature and the Nature of Understanding: On the Natural Path to Understanding and Science in Aristotle’s Physics Antonina Schlussman New York, New York Free Me from the Bonds of Passion! An Exploration of Moral Virtue in St. Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiæ Bennett Scott Cherry Hulls Village, Colorado An Ethics of Eternity: Deciding on Infinity in the Iliad and Pascal �Andrew Selway Baltimore, Maryland Finding Freedom in the Woods: Isaac’s Path to Liberty in The Bear Aaron Shelsby Washington, District of Columbia The Origin of Deliberative Speech and Its Consequences for the Minds of Milton’s Fallen Angels Samuel Soderland King George, Virginia Converging on Conversion: Why Should One Follow God? According to Augustine Dohyun Song Jeonju, Republic of Korea Man’s Perpetual Journey of Sensing and Conversing in Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift Zhiheng Song Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China On Knowing: Boundaries of the Recollectible from Meno Chloe Steer Catonsville, Maryland But His Flaw’d Heart Burst Smilingly: Despair, Trifling, and Cures in King Lear Emma Strauss Pasadena, Maryland Heaven or Hell: Which One Will You Choose? An Exploration into Nonconformity and Making a Way for Oneself Joshua Tague Annapolis, Maryland An End of Grief Kimberly Taylor The Elements of Government: A Mathematical Examination of the U.S. Founding Documents McLean, Virginia �John Teague Woodlands, Texas Beyond Experience: The Faculties of Consciousness and Rationality in Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace Christopher Thomas Okemos, Michigan Gathering Time: Memory and Wholeness in Augustine’s Confessions Stephaun Turner Bridgeton, Missouri Threading the Weaver’s Loom: Plotinus and Hegel Illuminate Creation’s Metaphysical Depths in Genesis Christopher Turney Atlanta, Georgia The Teachable Yahoo: An Exploration of Identity in Gulliver’s Travels Naina Wagh Pune, India Zarathustra’s Descent into Mankind: Looking at Zarathustra’s Prologue as a Tragedy Micah Warren Alexandria, Virginia The Perfection of the State in Machiavelli’s Discourses on Livy Isabella Watmough Damariscotta, Maine The “special providence in the fall of a sparrow” in Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Study of the Noble Conscience in the Midst of Tragedy (with Help from Hegel) Senrui Yang Chongqing, People’s Republic of China A Reading of Les Fleurs du Mal: Is Life Worth Living? Reflections on the Dark Side of the Contemplative Life and Modern Man’s Search for Positive Beliefs and Meaning in Life �Nicholas Yurasko Medford, Massachusetts On the Psychodynamic Theory of Dreams & Neurotic Symptomatology Henry Zheng Washington, District of Columbia Look Back at Education’s Past, Present, and Future: The History of Education from Europe to America and Anticipatory Predictions of What Happens to Education After Alexis De Tocqueville’s Democracy in America �MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS Sylvie Bernhardt Annapolis, Maryland Michael Connors Brisbane, Australia Lyndsey Cornell§ Palm Beach Gardens, Florida Jose Coronado Flores Nicholas Dacosta Brian Doyle§ Dominic Escorpeso William Galloway Grant Gombert† Elizabeth Hartley Sonya Holbrook§ Theodorus Johan Jeursen† Stuart Kenny Yonas Ketsela Frederick, Maryland Washington, District of Columbia Bethesda, Maryland Waldorf, Maryland Camden, South Carolina Boerne, Texas The Dalles, Oregon Cornelius, North Carolina ‘s-Gravenzande, Netherlands Lincoln, Nebraska Ethiopia Jordan Klein Annapolis, Maryland Viktoriya Kudryavtseva§ Baltimore, Maryland Melissa Moore§ Benjamin Morgan Luis Parrales Wolfboro, New Hampshire Washington, District of Columbia Arlington, Virginia �Bethany Pautrat§ Laurel, Maryland Noah Perrin§ Richmond, Virginia Quinn Rifkin Ellicottville, New York Gavin Robillard Armando Rodriguez§ Fairfax, Virginia Puebla, Mexico Anthony Roncalli New York, New York Brandon Rothenberg§ Rockville, Maryland Jack Ryan Luca Stephen-Sujdovic Houston Taylor Annapolis, Maryland Sydney, Australia Chattanooga, Tennessee Kevin Telford Oceanside, New York Noah Vancina† Fort Wayne, Indiana Ray Whitney Millsboro, Delaware * Upon completion of requirements Degree conferred January 24, 2024 § Degree conferred October 21, 2023 † �PRIZES AND AWARDS To the member of the Senior Class who has written the best senior essay. Offered in memory of Susan Irene Roberts, of the Class of 1966 Aristotle’s Biologist: Is Our Contemplation the Animals’ Salvation? Dolan Polglaze Honorable Mentions Edgar I Nothing Am: Paradox & Performance in Shakespeare’s King Lear Acacia Burnham Sinning and Sighing in Sign—Lies and Their Repair in a Paradise Lost Allayah Mason-Koehler To the member of the Junior Class who has written the best annual essay. Offered by Mrs. Leslie Clark Stevens in memory of her daughter-in-law, Kathryn Mylroie Stevens Honorable Mentions The Everlasting Covenant or Immortalizing Leviathan— The Maintenance of the Commonwealth Helen Felback On le forcera d’etre libre: An Essay on Rousseau Benjamin Kay To the member of the Sophomore Class who has written the best annual essay. Offered under the will of the late Judge Walter I. Dawkins, of the Class of 1880 Reaching Up to the Heavens–A Study of How We Know About God Through Aquinas Victoria Horsman To the member of the Freshman Class who has written the best annual essay. Death in Athens Henry Haggard ἡ Θεωρία τῶν Θεῶν: The Activity and Forms of Contemplation in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Albert Shapiro �To the Graduate Institute student who has written a distinguished tutorial essay in the 2023-2024 academic year. Offered in Memory of Laurence Berns by a donation from Joe Coelho The Last Man: An Introduction to Nietzsche’s on the Advantages and Disadvantages of History for Life Armando Rodriguez To the Graduate Institute student who has written a distinguished preceptorial essay in the year 2023. Offered by the Alumni Association The Constitution of Opinion: On David Hume’s First Principles of Government Benjamin Crocker To a member of the Senior Class, for excellence in speaking. Offered in memory of Senator Millard E. Tydings of Maryland Michael Engstrom To the student who submits the best English version of a Greek text. Offered in memory of John S. Kieffer, President Emeritus Max Dreyfuss To the student who submits a fine original English poem. Offered by Dr. George Austin in memory of his brother, Henry Astraea’s Rhapsody Or, Innocence Departed Luke Briner Honorable Mention The Midwife Mia Guill To the student who submits a fine original musical composition. Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the Caritas Society 1987-1991 Ave verum corpus Tarik Mahmud To the student who submits a fine essay on a piece of music. Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the Caritas Society 1987-1991 Honorable Mention An End Beyond Endings: Word-Tone Relationships in the Seikilos Epitaph Helen Wagner �To the student who submits the most elegant solution of a synthetic problem. Offered by the Class of 1986 in memory of Bryce Jacobsen, of the Class of 1942, Tutor and Director of Athletics Emeritus Peter Boersema Honorable Mention Theodora Montague To the student who submits the most elegant solution of an analytical problem. Offered in memory of James R. McClintock, of the Class of 1965 Troy Herner-Brown To the student who carries out a fine laboratory project. Offered in memory of Curtis Wilson by the Class of 1963 Honorable Mention The Barber-pole Effect Ahan Sagreiya To the members of the Senior class, through participation, leadership, and sportsmanship, have contributed most to the SJC athletic program, a special blazer. Charlotte Nicholas Frederic Duch Clerici To the member of the Senior Class who has contributed outstanding service to the Greater Annapolis Community. Offered by the Caritas Society of St. John’s College Madelyn Minor To the member of the Senior Class who has demonstrated the greatest care for and service to youth who reside in the City of Annapolis. Offered by the friends and family of Marvin B. Cooper, of the Class of 1969 Luke Briner To the Senior who has demonstrated excellence in the arts, literature, or sciences, the Walter S. Baird prize. Two Mechanical Voices, Fluent as a Dance Ranger Kasdorf Thinking Outside the Boox A Mini-Portfolio of Poetry, Inspired by the Liberal Arts Tuyět-Nhi Nghiêm ���CONGRATULATIONS, ALUMNI. Stay in touch. Get involved. Give back. sjc.edu 410-626-2531 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commencement Programs and Addresses Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Description An account of the resource Addresses given at commencement and programs of events related to, and including, the annual commencement ceremonies at St. John's College. Includes both the undergraduate and Graduate Institute commencements. <br /><br />The College Archives holds programs and/or addresses for the following years:<br /> <ul> <li>1796</li> <li>1835-1836</li> <li>1842</li> <li>1852</li> <li>1856-1857</li> <li>1870</li> <li>1878</li> <li>1880</li> <li>1890</li> <li>1893</li> <li>1895</li> <li>1897</li> <li>1907</li> <li>1910-1918</li> <li>1920-1924</li> <li>1928-1929</li> <li>1932</li> <li>1936-1937</li> <li>1939-1945</li> <li>1947-present  </li> </ul> Click on <strong><a title="Commencement Programs and Addresses" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=18&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&amp;sort_dir=d">Items in the Commencement Programs and Addresses Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context commencementprograms Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data PDF Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 24 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Commencement Program, 2024 Description An account of the resource Program for the two hundred thirty-second commencement in the three hundred twenty-eighth year of the college. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource St. John's College Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-05-12 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this publication. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CommencementExcercises2024 Commencement https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/b107da58393315e46e224e560d1b857d.jpg 687e4b2bb849a6935f1294e5330ee73c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 25.5 x 20.5 cm. Resolution Resolution of the image in dpi. 600 dpi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-0952 Title A name given to the resource Commencement Speaker in Academic Robe under the Liberty Tree, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1948 [circa] Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Type The nature or genre of the resource still image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Commencement Liberty tree https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/4a0051d35f5050aaf4444afdf1255f61.jpg e5ab59b455655e2476664e7d5342a78f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 20.5 x 13.5 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1732 Title A name given to the resource Commencement under the Liberty Tree with Richard D. Weigle, in Academic Robe, Speaking while Three Children Seated on the Grass Look on, Annapolis, Maryland, June 10, 1968 Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/10/1968 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Troutner, Lee Subject The topic of the resource Weigle, Richard Daniel 1912- Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Commencement Honorary Alumni Presidents https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/4be7e1daddc362264874a66f2e2ca1cf.jpg 6d1285e84b0cc71b87631d615c3afe14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 25.5 x 20.5 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-0914 Title A name given to the resource Commencement under the Liberty Tree, Annapolis, Maryland, 1948 Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948-05 [circa] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Commencement Liberty tree https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/d4cb91d9c4a60fdbe1b9ee263e56dca6.jpg 676b8220f816616b0947411419ffbb17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 17.5 x 13 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1263 Title A name given to the resource Commencement under the Liberty Tree, Annapolis, Maryland, 1972 Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Commencement Liberty tree https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/d06e4dcf1c3dcbd947d8c09e2708f4b8.jpg a4a55b7a3ef360d57aeca43bc458ed78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image mount 12.5 x 7.5 cm. ; 10 x 7.5 cm. Resolution Resolution of the image in dpi. 600 dpi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-0613 Title A name given to the resource Commencement under the Liberty Tree, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 [circa] Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Type The nature or genre of the resource still image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Commencement Liberty tree https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/e4bd51463dbc33273c7267e3d5deaf02.jpg a34dcf49df16ca4137e2def427052589 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image mount 13 x 7.5 cm. ; 11.5 x 7.5 cm. Resolution Resolution of the image in dpi. 600 dpi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-0614 Title A name given to the resource Commencement under the Liberty Tree, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 [circa] Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Type The nature or genre of the resource still image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Subject The topic of the resource Commencement (St. John's College, Annapolis, MD) Commencement Liberty tree https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/d8bc5790f8efd7f772bfcf9119b24c95.mp4 9c322938f97a00bf754ecdf73a43bafc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graduate Institute Summer Lecture Series Description An account of the resource The Wednesday Night Lecture Series, hosted during the summer term by the Graduate Institute at St. John’s College in Annapolis, is a less-formal version of the college’s formal Friday Night Lectures. The Wednesday Night lectures are an opportunity for tutors and for graduates of the college who are pursuing academic careers to present the first fruits of their thinking to an attentive and inquisitive audience. The lectures, held in the King William Room of the Barr-Buchanan Center at 7:30 p.m., with a question period afterward in a neighboring classroom, are free and open to the public.<br /><br />For more information, and for a schedule of upcoming lectures, please visit the <strong><a title="Summer lecture series" href="https://www.sjc.edu/annapolis/events/lectures/summer-wednesday-night-lecture-series" target="_blank">St. John's College website</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Graduate Institute Summer Lecture Series" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=31">Items in the Graduate Institute Summer Lecture Series Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Zoom video conference Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:29:02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Colleges and Teaching in the Liberal Arts Description An account of the resource Video recording of a panel discussion held on July 1, 2020 as part of the Graduate Institute Summer Lecture Series. Like St. John’s, community colleges are institutions devoted primarily to teaching and learning.  They reach a broad and diverse portion of our country’s population. (In 2017–18, 38% of undergraduates were attending 2-year public colleges.) St. John’s collaborated with Anne Arundel Community College to bring together for this panel discussion faculty from a number of community colleges that have implemented discussion-based liberal arts education, including Austin Community College, Hostos Community College, Borough of Manhattan Community College and LaGuardia Community College.  The panelists include Andrea Fabrizio and Gregory Marks of Hostos Community College, Daniel Gertner of LaGuardia Community College, Holly Messitt of Borough of Manhattan Community College, Theodore Hadzi-Antich of Austin Community College, and Steve Canaday of Anne Arundel Community College. The panel was introduced by Emily Langston and moderated by Erica Beall of St. John's College. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fabrizio, Andrea Marks, Gregory Gertner, Daniel Messitt, Holly Hadzi-Antich, Theodore Canaday, Steve Beall, Erica Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-07-01 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Signed permissions form have been received stating, "I hereby grant St. John's College permission to make an audiovisual recording of my lecture, and retain copies for circulation and archival preservation at the St. John's College Greenfield Library and to make an audiovisual recording of my lecture available online." Type The nature or genre of the resource moving image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp4 Subject The topic of the resource Community college teaching Education, Humanistic Anne Arundel Community College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Langston, Emily Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PanelLecture_2020-07-01 Graduate Institute Summer lecture series Tutors https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/529d02750f8830dd7d5a2710d817355d.jpg 6f6ae35c79d607fe56a6b05b7c519866 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 21.5 x 25.5 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1296 Title A name given to the resource Company A in Uniform on Front, Campus, Annapolis, Maryland, from the 1917 Rat-Tat Description An account of the resource 1 copy from Rat-Tat 1917 : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/ccc02ff9186bd54633a851fd936eb90f.mp3 c6e189a55f95f759548b086630cadc9e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data M4A Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:03:00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Considerations on Play (παιδιά) and Liberal Education in Plato's Republic Description An account of the resource Audio recording of a lecture given by Antoine Pageau-St-Hilaire on December 5, 2025 as part of the Dean’s Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean’s Office has provided this description of the event: “In both the Republic and the Laws, the leader of the philosophical conversation claims that the goodness of the πóλις and its citizens depend on the goodness or fineness of its civic play (παιδιά) (cf. Resp. 558b3-5, Leg. 803c2-e2). Why? Arguably, and following several hints from both dialogues, because good play and good education coincide. But even if this is true, we are then faced with a further question: why does good education coincide with good play? Why should good education be playful, or good play educative? At a crucial point in Book VII of Plato’s Republic, Socrates tells Glaucon that play is best suited to the education of a free person (έλεύθερος) (536e1-537a1). And it is quite clear from the context that he does not simply mean moral-political education, but also and chiefly philosophical education. In this lecture, I propose to examine the reasons that may lead Socrates to affirm such a thing, and for his interlocutor(s) to seemingly accept his affirmation (cf. 537a3). Why is liberal education playful? Or why is play especially suited to liberal education? How does this thought – although undeveloped in the context of its affirmation – relate to Socrates’ other famous comments on the nature of good education in the Republic, most notably that genuine education is a conversion of the soul and not a transmission of knowledge (521c6; cf. 518b6-d7)? Taking a close look at relevant passages from the text, I shall address these questions with the hope that they not only help us get a better grasp of Plato’s vision of good education, but also, and perhaps most importantly, that they help us understand better our own contemporary educational experiences.” Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pageau-St-Hilaire, Antoine Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-12-05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Plato. Republic Plato. Laws Play Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_PageauStHilaireA_Considerations_on_Play_and_Liberal_Education_in_Plato's_Republic_2025-12-05 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/6a1b20d3ba7a20849c8e5ff60c756cab.mp3 1a12542a2e6b5eecb3bdfd3ed66a6f16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Recordings—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data wav Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 1:53:30 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Constitution Day Panel Discussion: Grutter v. Bollinger Description An account of the resource Audio recording of an online panel discussion with Benjamin Baum, Caroline Randall, Piér Quintana, Cesar Cervantes, Martha Franks, Guillermo Bleichmar, and Walter Sterling on September 16, 2020 as part of the Dean's Lecture & Concert Series. The Dean's Office provided this description of the event: "For our annual event recognizing Constitution Day, this Wednesday afternoon a panel of faculty and staff will lead a discussion on (excerpts from) the landmark Supreme Court case, Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), in which, writing for the majority, Sandra Day O'Connor articulates a constitutional framework for, and surveys public policy surrounding, considerations of race and student diversity in the context of college admissions. This case underlies the more recent rulings in Fisher v. University of Texas (2013, 2016). For those who wish to attend, you may find a review of encyclopedia entries or journalistic reporting on the case (and related cases such as Fisher) sufficient. But the entire case can be found here: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/539/306 (among other places)." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baum, Benjamin Randall, Caroline Quintana, Piér Cervantes, Cesar Franks, Martha Bleichmar, Guillermo Sterling, Walter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-09-16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available. Type The nature or genre of the resource sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp3 Subject The topic of the resource Education Supreme Court Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_BaumB_et_al_Constitution_Day_Panel_Grutter_v_Bollinger_2020-09-16 Friday night lecture https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/475e77346471eb8b8d17111a59ad06cb.pdf e7795fa0d668289e15620ac4c85c0693 PDF Text Text Constructible Numbers Grant Franks June 3, 2019, revised September 21, 2019 Introduction Recapitulation Two weeks ago, we saw that Rafael Bombelli confronted the possibility that the square root of negative one might have some positive significance when he solved the cubic equation x 3 - 15 x - 4 = 0 and, using the formula Cardano stole from Tartaglia, got x= 3 2 + 11 -1 + 3 2 - 11 -1 which he was then able to solve by intuiting that 2 + 11 -1 = 2 + 3 -1  . Last week, we followed Caspar Wessel in developing a graphic understanding of the arithmetic of complex numbers. In particular, we saw that (i) complex numbers can be expressed in polar coordinates by giving a distance (modulus) and an angle (argument); (ii) multiplication of complex numbers amounts to (a) multiplication of their distances (moduli) and (b) adding their angles (arguments); and (iii) the solutions of equations of the form x n - 1 = 0, known as the “Roots of Unity,” appear graphically as the vertices of an equilateral n-gon in the unit circle on the complex plane. So far, so good. Today’s Agenda �2 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb Today, we’re going in different direction. Today, we will talk about constructing numbers and the emptiness of the Euclidean plane. The Geometrical Plane The Awkward Question “Are there holes in the geometric plane?” This is a question that rarely gets asked when doing geometry. There is no reason to raise such a question until some awkward questions get asked, and there is no way to answer the question without being able to step back from intuitively given geometrical space by thinking algebraically. Construction In Euclid’s geometry, one begins with five postulates, three of which authorize constructions: Postulate One: to draw a line between any point and any other point; Postulate Two: to continue a line indefinitely; and Postulate Three: to draw a circle with any center and radius. The references to “any point,” “any center” and “any radius” give the impression that the Euclidean plane contains all possible points. But that isn’t quite true or, to be more precises, there are many points in a plane to which Euclidean geometry provides no access. For instance, suppose you wanted to “square the circle.” This is a classical problem that amounts to drawing a rectangle with an area equal to that of a given circle. Archimedes shows that such a rectangle would have a height equal to the radius of the circle and base equal to half its circumference. If you can draw a circle with any center and radius, could you draw one whose radius is equal to the semicircumference of the circle you are trying to square? If you could do that just by saying it, your problem would be solved. That would not satisfy a mathematician. She or he would want to know how to get that radius length, that is, how to construct it. Beginning with the one length that is given -- the radius of the circle to be squared -- and using only permissible manipulations, how can we construct the desired straight line with a length equal to the semi-circumference of the given circle? The Meno Problem This problem sounds a little like the geometrical problem of the Meno: Socrates asks the slave boy, “If you are given this square with these sides, can you show the side of a square with double the area?” The slave boy is stumped. Some modern students think they have a better answer than the slave boy and say, “That’s easy! It’s the square root of two!” They don’t realize that they are not giving an �3 Constructible Numbers.nb ��� 3 answer at all. The phrase “square root of two” is just a slightly shortened version of “the magnitude which, when multiplied by itself, gives two.” So, to Socrates’ question, “What is the magnitude which, when multiplied by itself, yields two?” they have answered, “The magnitude which, when multiplied by itself, gives two.” True, no doubt, as any tautology is true, but it doesn’t really advance our knowledge of, well, anything. Socrates provides what is really needed: a geometrical construction for finding the square root of two by looking at the diagonal of a square with sides equal to one. (Really, he gives the construction for 2 2 because his original square had sides equal to two, but that is minor detail.) For the squaring of the circle, we want a construction for a straight line whose length is equal to the semidiameter of the given circle. Alas, not all that humankind desires does it obtain! There is no Euclidean construction for that length. The story that leads to that result culminates in the late nineteenth century. It involves Ferdinand Lindemann’s demonstration of that π is not just an irrational magnitude -- that had been known for over a century (Johann Lambert 1761) -- but that it is a particular kind of irrational magnitude. Getting to that result, if anyone here is interested in it, would require work that goes beyond what this series of talks will cover. If it is any consolation, however, the ideas we will cover tonight are necessary preliminaries to that work. The Delian Problem Once upon a time, a long time ago, a great plague afflicted the city of Delos. The citizens consulted Apollo’s oracle at Delphi who told them that the god was dissatisfied with the altar of his temple. The altar was made in the shape of a cube, and the oracle said that the god wanted an altar twice as big. The citizens, eager to be rid of the plague, got a great piece of marble and built an altar twice as long, twice as deep and twice as tall as the one that was there. The plague continued. The priest of the oracle corrected the people saying the god wanted an altar with twice the volume of the present one. The newly built altar had eight times the volume, and was not what was wanted. The people were understandably annoyed, but everyone in the ancient world knew that gods love to mess with people by issuing weirdly misleading oracular pronouncements. Gods are cruel, that’s all there is to it. Geometers realized immediately that what was needed was, in effect, an altar whose side was 2 times bigger than the present one. When they set out to design it, however, they found that the god had been even crueler than expected. They couldn’t figure out how to construct the altar. Finding a construction for 2 was easy, but finding one for the 2 was surprisingly difficult. 3 3 To get to the bottom of the problem that they faced, we have to sketch out a new kind of algebraic operation, finite field extensions. Ordinarily this would be a semester-long study, but since this is St. John’s College, I will try to compress it into about fi�een minutes. �4 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb Rational Operations What is a Field? To begin, we need to define “a field.” For our purposes, a “field” is a collection of objects -- we’re going to be talking about numbers -- that are closed under the operations of addition (and its inverse, subtraction) and multiplication (and its inverse, division). Consider first, then, the whole numbers: 1, 2, 3, …. These are closed under addition, that is, if you add any two whole numbers you get a whole number. But they are not closed under subtraction. Although you can subtract 5 from 7 to get 2, you cannot subtract 7 from 5. So set aside the whole numbers and take up the integers: … -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, …. Now you have closure under addition and subtraction. You also have closure under multiplication but not division. 10 divided by 5 is 2, but 10 divided by 3 is not among the integers. So set aside the integers and take up the rational numbers: … -1 -1 -2 , 5 , 11 , 3 …0… 1 , 2, 5 10 7 3 …. That is, all the numbers made up by ratios of integers with one another (forbidding division by zero). Now we have it: this is a field. It is closed under addition and subtraction, it is closed under multiplication and division. For convenience’ sake, we will give the rational numbers a symbolic name, Q. (Why Q and not R? Because R is reserved for the real numbers. Alas.) Euclid’s Operations Allow Us to Form a Field The operations of Euclid’s geometry allow us to construct lengths on a line that correspond to the field of rational numbers. If we begin with a given length that we will call the “unit,” we can with straightedge and compass easily make a double length, a triple length, etc. If we define “negative” to be mean motion in one direction from an arbitrary starting point and “positive” to mean going in the opposite direction, we can construct lengths corresponding to all integers. By an easy construction, we can also divide our given unit length into equal parts corresponding to any whole number. Thus we can make lengths corresponding to any positive proper fraction; by multiplying these we can make any proper or improper fraction, and by directing them toward the negative side of our arbitrary zero point, we can identify places corresponding to any rational number. The lengths from zero to these points can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided at will and the result will always be another rational length. We have a field. If we erect two such lines at right angles to one another, we can locate and label any point on a plane �3 Constructible Numbers.nb ��� 5 that corresponds to (a, b), where a and b are rational numbers. As my grandfather used to say, “Now we’re cookin’ with gas!” Other Lengths All points with rational coordinates is a lot of points, but we know that there are other lengths that can be found in Euclidean geometry. There is, for example, 2 , which is the diagonal of the square with sides of unit length. In fact, we can construct lengths equal to the square roots of any lengths we can find through other means. D A C B If you want to find a length equal to r , draw line AB in length equal to r + 1. Here, let Ac = r and let CB = 1. Erect a semi-circle on line AB and a perpendicular at C meeting the semicircle at D. Join AD and DB. Triangle ADC is similar to triangle DCB and to the combined triangle ADB. Therefore: AC : CD :: CD : CB AC × CB = CD2 But AC = r and CB = 1; therefore: r × 1 = 2 = CD2 r = CD. Combinations A little examination will show that these are all the operations that are available to us. We have addition, subtraction, multiplication, division -- these are sufficient to find any rational lengths. In addition to this, we can take the square root of any length that we can find. Not only that: we can do so as many times as we please. So, can construct 2 , or 5 , or 17 3 , or of any rational length. And that’s not �6 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb all! We can construct 2 . Or 2+ 2 . Or 17 3 + 2+ 7 3 … or any sequence or combina- tion of the rational operations and repeated extraction of square roots. With these techniques in hand, someone might easily jump to the conclusion that these Euclidean operations can construct any length whatsoever. That’s probably what I would have said if anyone had asked me back when I was a Johnnie Freshman more years ago than I care to think about. But I would have been wrong. Jumping to Conclusions When I learned about the Pythagorean theorem and irrational numbers (or their equivalents, incommensurable lengths), I didn’t take time to think about these new numbers as carefully as, in retrospect, I should have. Looking back, I think my understanding ran something like this: “We had the whole numbers, but they weren’t enough to do subtraction so we added the negative numbers and got the integers. But the integers weren’t enough to do division, so we added the fractions and got the rational numbers. But even the rationals weren’t enough to account for all the lengths we could find in geometry -- the 2 is irrational! (Hey! I was just as surprised by this as the Greeks were!) -- so we added the irrational numbers to the rational numbers and now we have all the real numbers, which is all that there are!” That understanding didn’t get challenged for decades until I began working on a preceptorial on Galois Theory and Professor Charles Hadlock, author of Field Theory and Its Classical Problems, introduced me to finite field extensions. It was here that I learned the humbling lesson that not all irrational numbers are the same. Some numbers are more irrational than others, and lumping them all together blurred together distinctions that are best kept separate. Baby Steps Let’s start over. Go back to when we had just the rational lengths and could find any point with rational coordinates. Now, we read the Meno and find out about 2 . Instead of pretending that we are now able to generate all possible irrational lengths, look carefully at what we have. We can make any rational length, and we can make the square root of two. If we continue now to use just with our rational operations (+, -, x, ÷) on the two lengths we have at hand, 1 and 2 , we can make any number that looks like this: a+b 2 where a and b are rational numbers. Notice something important about these numbers: we can add them, subtract them, multiply them, and divide them any way we please and we always get other �3 Constructible Numbers.nb ��� 7 numbers of this same kind. So, if we have: 3 + 5 2  + -1 + 7 2  = 2 + 12 3 + 5 2  × -1 + 7 2  = -3 + 21 2. or 2 -5 2 2 + 35  2  = 67 + 16 2 Division is a bit more complicated, but it works as well. The upshot is this: the numbers a + b 2 form a field of their own. This new field is called an extension field. Because we added a finite number of elements to form it (in this case, just one), it is called a finite field extension. And because the element we added was a solution of a polynomial with elements of the original field as coefficients -- in this case, x 2 - 2 = 0 -- it is called a finite algebraic field extension. And because it was made by adding an element that is the square-root of a member of the original field, it is called a quadratic finite algebraic field extension. Let’s call it F1 and write F = Q( 2 ) to signify that F was formed by appending 2 to Q and making all the numbers of the form a + b 2 where a and b are elements of Q. F is big. It’s bigger than Q, the rational numbers. It includes Q as a subset, so we write: F1 ⊃ Q. But F does not include all the numbers (lengths) that we can construct because we can adjoin other elements if we wish. We can even take the square root of some squirrely element of F1 that already has a square root of two, say: 3+7 2 We can append this element to F1 and form the numbers: c+d 3+7 2 where c and d are elements of F. This is a quadratic finite algebraic field extension of F1 . Let’s call it F2 and write F2 = F1 ( 3+7 2 ) to signify that F2 was formed by appending ing all the numbers of the form c + d 3+7 3+7 2 to F1 and mak- 2 where c and d are elements of F1 . F2 is big. It’s bigger than F1 and much bigger than Q. It includes F1 as a subset, so we write: F2 ⊃ F1 ⊃ Q. Do you see where this is going? We can continue this process as long as we wish. �8 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb … F5 ⊃ F 4 ⊃ F 3 ⊃ F 2 ⊃ F 1 ⊃ Q When I put them all together, I have a tower of finite quadratic field extensions. Every number that corresponds to every possible constructible length is somewhere in that tower. Altogether, they are called the constructible numbers. The set of constructible numbers is very big. But it’s not everything. There are Non-Constructible Numbers There are, as it turns out, non-constructible numbers, as can be shown in several ways. For instance, 2 (the real cube root of two) is not a constructible number. It does not belong to any tower of quadratic field extensions over the rationals. 3 For, proceeding in the time honored way of reductio ad absurdum, suppose that 2 were constructible. Also remember that, since in the real numbers y = x 3 is strictly increasing, there is only one real cube root of two. Now, if 2 were constructible, it would belong to some quadratic field extension of a field that was itself part of a tower of quadratic field extensions leading back to the rationals. 3 3 2 ∈ Fn 3 That means that include 2 . 3 where 2 =a+b Fn ⊃ Fn-1 ⊃ Fn-2 ⊃ Fn-3 ⊃ … F1 ⊃ Q c , where a, b and c are all parts of Fn-1 , but where Fn-1 does not itself 3 Cube both sides of this equation. 3  2  = a + b 3 3 c  = a3 + 3 a 2 b 2 = (a3 + 3 a b2 c ) + ( 3 a2 b + b3 c ) c + 3 a b 2 c + b3 c c c The number 2 is a part of Fn - 1 ; we know this because it is a member of Q. Therefore, it has no component multiplied by c , which means that ( 3 a2 b + b3 c ) = 0. Next consider (a3 + 3 a b2 c ) - ( 3 a2 b + b3 c ) c (notice the minus sign). Since 3 a2 b + b3 c = 0, this 3 has the same value as (a3 + 3 a b2 c ) + ( 3 a2 b + b3 c ) c . But it unpacks into a - b c  . So we have two cube roots of 2: a+b c a-b c But there is only one value ; therefore b = 0. That means that a + b c is really just a, and 3 2 is in �3 Constructible Numbers.nb ��� 9 Fn - 1 . By the same reasoning, it is a member of Fn - 2 and Fn - 3 and so on until we discover it is a member of Q, that is, that it is rational. But 3 2 is NOT rational. (Those who doubt this can see Appendix 1.) Thus, 2 is NOT in ANY tower of quadratic field extensions beginning with the rationals. It is not constructible. 3 The Delian Problem is Thus Solved At this point, the architects and engineers at Delos should despair: if 2 is not constructible, then they cannot double the size of the altar of Apollo with Euclidean mathematics. The gods are cruel, but they are are mathematically well-informed. 3 There are Lots of Non-Constructible Numbers. The demonstration that the 2 is not constructible is all well and good, but it is rather ad hoc. It doesn’t immediately produce any broad conclusions about constructible vs. non-constructible numbers. 3 A slightly more detailed investigation of field theory allows broader conclusions. It is possible to characterize the size or “degree” of one algebraic field extension over another. Compare, for example, the quadratic extension that results from adjoining 2 to the rationals with what would be called the “cubic” extension that occurs when you adjoin 2 . In the first case, we can express any number in the extended field by an expression that looks like this: 3 2. a+b These numbers form a field. You can add, subtract, multiply and divide to your heart’s content and never leave the field. If you try this with 2 , however, a problem arises. Form a number like: 3 a+b 3 2. You can add and subtract alright, but as soon as you start multiplying, you’ll find yourself running into: 3 2 × 3 2 = 3 4 The cube root of four is not the same as the cube root of two. It can’t be expressed by combinations of rational numbers and the cube root of two. It is outside of the (purported) field. This problem did not arise with 2 because 2 × 2 =2 �10 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb which is within the field defined by a + b 2 . With the cube root, it is not enough to add one term; you need to add two. To get a field that includes 2 , you need numbers of this form: 3 a+b 3 2 +c 3 4. A little experimentation will persuade you that these numbers do form a field. Notice that when you formed a extended field with 2 , your new numbers had two terms, a + b 2 . With 2 of two, your new numbers have three terms. The quadratic extension is of “degree two,” while the cubic extension is of “degree three.” Field extensions can be compounded: an extension of degree two followed by an extension of degree three will yield an extended field of degree six over the original field. Field extensions can get remarkably complex, but for our purposes it will be enough to focus on relatively simple extensions of relatively small degrees. 3 3 The degree of an extension is measured by complexity of the minimal polynomial needed to produce the new elements whose addition to the original field leads to the extension. Determining whether a polynomial is “minimal” poses some problems, but this approach can produce sweeping knowledge about whole classes of extensions. So, for instance, every quadratic field extension over the one before it, so that a tower of quadratic field extensions -- that is, the collection leading to any constructible numbers -- will have powers 2, 4, 8, 16 … 2n over the rationals. At the same time, it can be shown that for equations of the form: xn - 2 = 0 the number n gives the degree of the extension resulting from appending one of the solutions of the equation to a field. This result allows is to know that Solutions of Appended to Q are of degree And thus are generally 2 2 Constructible 2 3 Not Constructible - 2 4 2 4 Constructible - 2 5 2 5 Not Constructible x6 - 2 6 2 6 Not Constructible x7 7 2 7 Not Constructible x2 I.e. - 2 2 x3 - 2 3 x4 x5 - 2 Also, it can be show that the solutions of the equations for the nth roots of unity, a�er factoring out (x 1), are minimal when n is prime. So Roots of structible Roots of structible x3 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 2 over the rationals, so con- x5 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 4 over the rationals, so con- �3 Constructible Numbers.nb Roots of structible Roots of structible Roots of structible Roots of structible Roots of structible etc. ��� x7 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 6 over the rationals, so NOT con- x 11 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 10 over the rationals, so NOT con- x 13 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 12 over the rationals, so NOT con- x 17 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 16 over the rationals, so con- x 19 - 1 = 0 appended to Q are of degree 18 over the rationals, so NOT con- 11 Many -- indeed, most -- of these create extensions whose degrees are not powers of two over the rationals. Thus they create field extensions filled with numbers that are not constructible. Literally infinite fields of non-constructible numbers emerge. Hierarchy of Irrationals Viewing all the irrationals as an undifferentiated mob is a mistake. We can distinguish between those irrationals that are constructible and those that are not. The constructible numbers are built by successive quadratic field extensions starting from the rationals. Non-Constructibles Constructibles Rationals The distinction between the constructible and non-constructible numbers is interesting enough, but situation is even stranger than that. As we have seen, the Constructibles are made from towers of field extensions all of degree two. We �12 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb have just seen that many polynomials have solutions which, when appended to a field, give an extension of degree other than two; the equation x 3 - 2 = 0, for instance, has solutions of degree 3, which takes us away from the powers-of-two towers of constructible numbers. Suppose we toss away that restriction. Suppose we consider all algebraic field extensions of any degree. What if we allow ourselves to build towers in which each step can be of any degree -- that is, to append to a field the solutions of a polynomial of any degree. In this way, we could make towers of fields that include the solutions of any finite polynomial equations. That would include all the constructible numbers and much, much more. This immense collection is known as the algebraic numbers. It includes the rational numbers and the constructible numbers and much, much more. It does not, however, include everything. There are numbers that are not included among the algebraic numbers. You know a few: π is not an algebraic number. Neither is e, the base of the natural logarithm system. Leibniz and later Euler called these non-algebraic numbers “transcendental numbers,” a wonderfully mystical “woo-woo” name that stuck and is in common use today. Transcendentals Algebraics Constructibles Rationals There are LOTS of Transcendental Numbers When I name π and e as transcendental numbers, you may be misled into thinking that there are only a few such numbers and that each of them is a precious rarity, much treasured by mathematicians like these two specimens. Au contraire! Far from being scarce, the transcendental numbers not only surpass all other numbers in �3 Constructible Numbers.nb ��� 13 quantity, they do so by an infinite amount. Of course, to characterize one infinity as greater or lesser than another is a controversial project first pioneered by nineteenth century mathematician Georg Cantor. According to Cantor, the smallest sort of infinity is like that of the natural numbers which can be ordered in such a way that one can count off the members of an infinite set sequentially and be sure eventually to encounter every member. The natural numbers are obviously countable in this way, as are the integers if we number them like this: 0 +1 -1 +2 -2 +3 -3 … 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th … It takes a little more work to see that the rationals can be placed in countable order (they can), and a bit more still to figure out that the algebraic numbers can also be ordered and counted. But they can. Cantor designates this infinity by the symbol ℵ0 . The complete collection of real numbers -- and also the collection of all complex number a + b i where a and b can be any real number -- cannot be so ordered. These numbers, according to Canto, form a higher degree of infinity, the infinity of the continuum, ℵ1 which is widely take to be equivalent to 2 ℵ0 , a quantity distinctly different, and distinctly bigger than ℵ0 -- insofar as “bigger” is a concept applicable to infinities. From this perspective, the relation of the algebraic numbers to the entire set of complex numbers is pretty much what Ptolemy would call “the ratio of a point to a line.” The whole realm of all our manipulations, geometric and algebraic, occur in a vanishingly small subset of the totality of real numbers. Yet though we speak of infinities, do not imagine that these transcendentals are far away. They are not far away in heaven, so that you have to ask, “Who will ascend into heaven to get them?” Nor are they beyond the sea, so that you have to ask, “Who will cross the sea to get them?” No, they are very near to you always on every side, crowding about with incredible density. And the net of constructible numbers seems now to spread across the Euclidean plane like ever-thinning gossamer network of barely perceptible points, each separated from the next by gulfs teeming full with inaccessible points. While we all contemplate the miserable smallness of all our endeavors, let us take a brief break and then there will be time for questions. Appendix 1: Irrationality of 2 3 This result follows from Euclid, Book X, proposition 9. It can also be shown from arithmetic principles as follows: Suppose that 3 2 is rational. Then it can be expressed as a fraction numbers. We may assume also that the fraction a b a b where a and b are finite whole is expressed in lowest terms, so that a and b have no �14 ��� 3 Constructible Numbers.nb factors in common. We have: 3 a b 2 = 2= a3 b3 2 b3 = a 3 That means that a3 is even, which means that a is even; thus a3 is divisible by 8. Let it be 8 c3 . 2 b3 = 8 c 3 b3 = 4 c 3 That means that b3 is divisible by 4, which means that b is even (and that b3 is in fact divisible by 64). But we began with the hypothesis ab was a fraction where a and b have no factors in common. Therefore, 3 2 cannot be expressed as a fraction ab . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. John's College Lecture Transcripts—Santa Fe Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Meem Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Description An account of the resource Items in this collection are part of a series of lectures given every year at St. John's College at the Santa Fe, NM campus. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data pdf Page numeration Number of pages in the original item. 14 pages Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Constructible numbers Description An account of the resource Transcript of a lecture given on September 24, 2019 by Grant Franks. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Franks, Grant H. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Santa Fe, NM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Meem Library has been given permission to make this item available online. Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Subject The topic of the resource Number theory Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SF_FranksG_Constructible_Numbers_2019-09-24 https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/762a1f24a3b2058c410691dd75a4b216.jpg 8a0a5cf85f0d689991b97401a3da61a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 17.5 x 13 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1478 Title A name given to the resource Construction [of Mellon Hall] on Back Campus, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 [circa] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Mellon Hall https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/f2a1cc36e008180c05be4d75fa5b06a0.jpg 4c99705b3aa3139cb69a8f4abedd78ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.5 x 9 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-2079 Title A name given to the resource Construction Materials for the Renovation of Woodward Hall Library, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 Kodachrome print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Woodward Hall Library https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/aa1371644c9f9c06da9c1e718f69dfa5.jpg 2c1e7dce00ef7c89f808f34ea2a828a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.5 x 9 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-2078 Title A name given to the resource Construction Materials in front of Woodward Hall Library, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 Kodachrome print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. Woodward Hall Library https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/896bc5602908433653396c62cc91a63d.mp4 21d98248ed7f11329212ad5f38963349 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SJC Films Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 16 mm film Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:04:55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Construction of Mellon Hall Description An account of the resource Film showcasing the Mellon Hall construction site, from February 8, 1957. File has no audio. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957-02-08 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this film. Type The nature or genre of the resource moving image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource mp4 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Construction of Mellon Hall 02-08-1957 (No Audio) Compressed Mellon Hall https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/6cbdaf1198b9ce3df19dc3725d14a855.jpg be0d5799e49e16a5e5e5c86202165713 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.5 x 9 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-2315 Title A name given to the resource Construction Trailers on Back Campus, St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/fb4648f0254bbf5ef36e57bc6f2f875b.jpg 7552fc6ea58f4e0c9aacb03b64d36c26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.5 x 9 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1203 Title A name given to the resource Construction Worker Burying Power Lines on Campus, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph. https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjcdigitalarchives/original/83cbcd7d7ecf5ea8eb4d15f0ce1b2ea9.jpg db00f89af7c8ae460f0e3113c224cb60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Image Collection—Annapolis Description An account of the resource <p>The Greenfield Library Image Collection houses over 5,000 photographs, postcards, drawings, and other graphic materials.  The images in the collection document the history, academic, and community life of St. John’s College. </p> To learn more about the Greenfield Library's archives use policy or to obtain high-resolution images, please see the <strong><a title="Image Collection Use Policy" href="http://www.sjc.edu/academic-programs/libraries/greenfield-library/policies/#photographicarchivepolicy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Library’s Image Collection Use Policy</a></strong>.<br /><br />Click on <strong><a title="Photographic Archives" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=7">Items in the Image Collection—Annapolis Collection</a></strong> to view and sort all items in the collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available St. John's College Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource St. John's College Greenfield Library Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context imagecollectionannapolis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.5 x 9 cm. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context SJC-P-1204 Title A name given to the resource Construction Worker Burying Power Lines on Campus, Annapolis, Maryland Description An account of the resource 1 photographic print : b&w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Annapolis, MD Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource St. John's College owns the rights to this photograph.