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                    <text>ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
1929-30

^Announcement of
(Bourses

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

�TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS
SHOWING CREDIT IN YEAR-HOURS
COURSE
New

Year
Number
Number
Hours
Art 21
Art 21-22
3
Art 32
New
3
Art 41
Art 41-42
3
Biology II
Biology 11-12 or 13-14. 5
Biology 21 *hf
Biology 21
2-|
Biology 22 *hf
Biology 22
2$
Biology 30
Biology 43-44
3
Biology 33 'hf
Biology 33
IJBiology 38 'hf
Biology 38
ij
Chemistry I
Chemistry 11-12
5
Chemistry 2
Chemistry 11-12
5
Chemistry 21 *hf... Chemistry 21
2^
Chemistry 31 *hf... Chemistry 31
2$
Chemistry 33
Chemistry 33-34
5
Chemistry 41 *hf.. . Chemistry 41-42
I
Chemistry 42
Chemistry 43-44
5
Chemistry 43
Chemistry 45-46
5
Economics 21 ....Economics 21-22 . . . . 3
Economics 31 . . . . Economics 31, 32 . . . . 3
Economics 32 . . . . Economics 33, 34 . . . . 3
Economics 41 . . . . Economics 41-42 . . . . 3
English i
New
3
English 21
English 23-24
3
English 26 *hf
English 27
ij
English 34 *hf
New
I?
English 35
English 33-34
3
English 38
English 31-32
3
English 43
English 43-44
3
English 45
English 45-46
3
English 49
English 47-48
3
French I
French 11-12
3
French 2
French 13-14
3
French n
French 15-16
3
French 13
French 21-22
3
French 15 Jhf
New
ij
French 41
New
3
German I
German 11-12
3
German 10
German 13-14
3
German 20
German 15-16
3
German 21
German 17-18
2
German 25
New
3
Old

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

Year
Freshman courses are numbered from i to 10 and n to 20,
Number
Hours
German 30
German 21-22
3
Sophomore courses from 21 to 30, Junior courses from 31 to 40,
German 40
German 31-32
3
Senior courses from 41 to 50. A course offered to any specific
Government ii ... Political Science 21-22. 3
class is ordinarily open to any member of a higher class. A
Government 21 ... Political Science 31-32. 3
student may register for any course offered to a higher class
Government 23 ... Political Science 33-34. 3
provided he obtains the permission of the instructor concerned
Government 31 ... New
3
Greek I
Greek 11-12
3
and the approval of the Dean. Courses not given in the current
Greek 21 *hf
Greek 13
i£
academic year are bracketed. All courses are full courses running
Greek 31
Greek 15-16
3
throughout the year except where designated by J hf or 2 hf.
History I
History 23-24
3
History 21
History 25-26
3
History 23
History 21-22
3
I. DIVISION OF THE LANGUAGES, LITERATURE, AND ART
History 31
History 31-32
3
PROFESSORS BROWN (Chairman), ARNAUD, BACON, FITZGERALD, HALSEY,
History 32
History 43-44
3
HATFIELD, KUEHNEMUND, SCOFIELD, AND SEGALL, AND
History 33
New
3
MESSRS. KlEFFER AND KREBS.
History 41
History 35-36
3
History 43
History 41-42
3
Hygiene I
New
None
ART
Latin ii 'hf
Latin 13
ij
Art 21. Introduction to Art.
Latin 23 'hf
New
ii
Mathematics I . . . New
None
The purpose of the course is to prepare the student for an intelligent
Mathematics n ..Mathematics 11-12 .. 3
contemplation of art, and to give him a basis for independent sesthetic
Mathematics 21 ..Mathematics 21, 22 . . 3
judgment through a study of representative movements and forms and
Mathematics 25 *hf. Mathematics 25
i\s 31 . . Mathematics 31-32 .. 3analysis of individual artists and works of art. No attempt will be
an
made at an historical survey of all or of any one of the arts. For the
Mathematics 33 .. Mathematics 33-34 .. 3
year 1929-30 it is proposed to study portrait painting, medieval architecMathematics 35 . . Mathematics 35-36 .. 3
ture, prints, the Florentine Renaissance, and contemporary painters.
Mathematics 41 . . Mathematics 41-42 .. 3
M-W-F at 10.
Philosophy ii *hf. . Philosophy 22
ii
Philosophy 15
Philosophy 23-24
3
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Philosophy 31
Philosophy 31-32
3
Philosophy 35'hf.. New
ii
[Art 31. The History of Painting in Western Europe.]
Physics 21
Physics 21-22
5
From the beginnings to impressionism. During the first half-year
Physics 31
Physics 31-32
5
special attention will be given to the Sienese and Florentine primitives
Physics 43
Physics 45-46
5
and to the great painters of the Renaissance in Italy; during the second
Psychology 21 ... Psychology 21-22 . . . 3
half-year to the Flemish primitives and to the Flemish, Dutch, and
Psychology 3' *hf.. Psychology 31-32 ... 3
Spanish schools of the seventeenth century.
Psychology 41 . . . Psychology 41-42 . . . 3
Spanish I
Spanish 11-12
3
Pre-requisite: Art 21.
Spanish 2
Spanish 13-14
3
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
Spanish II
Spanish 15-16
3
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Spanish 31
Spanish 31-32
3
New
Number

Old

�2

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Art 32. The Art of Classical Antiquity.
A study of the Greeks and Romans as we know them through their
fine and applied arts.
M-W-F at 8.

PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Art 41. The Background of American Life.
A study of Colonial America, its architecture, its furniture, its silver,
glass, and pottery. Lectures, discussion, and conferences. Frequent
opportunity will be given the student to examine the materials of the
course at first hand.

W-Fat ii.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

3

English 26 1 hf. The Bible as Literature: The Old Testament.
A reading course in the literature of the King James Version of the
Bible.

T-Th-S at 8.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD,
English 27 2 hf. The Bible as Literature: The New Testament.
T-Th-S at 8.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD.

PROFESSOR HALSEY.
[English 30 2 hf. Advanced Composition.]

ENGLISH
English i. Grammar, Composition, and Prose Forms.
The course is intended to supply students with the elements of English
Grammar and the English Language as a useful tool. Frequent papers;
conferences; collateral reading. Required of all Freshmen unless they
pass an anticipatory examination in grammar and composition. Does not
count toward fulfillment of major or distribution.

Section A; T-Th-S at 10. PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Section B; T-Th-S at 9. PROFESSOR HATFIELD.
Section C; M-W-F at 2. PROFESSOR BROWN.
English 21. Survey of English Literature.
A study of the main tendencies of English Literature from Beowulf to
the present time, with readings in great or characteristic writers and
in social backgrounds. Required of all Sophomores who propose to
major in English.
M-W-F at 10.

Practice in the writing of prose, chiefly narrative. Admission by the
consent of the instructor.

Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
[English 31. Types of Literature.]
A study of the various types of poetry in the first half-year, of prose
in the second half-year. Intended primarily for students whose major
subject lies without the field of literature.

Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR BACON.
[English 33. The Seventeenth Century.]
Particular attention will be paid to John Donne and his School, Ben
Jonson, Milton, Dryden, and the Restoration Dramatists.

Omitted in 1929-30 ; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD.

PROFESSOR BACON.
English 24 2 hf. The Modern Drama.
A course in rapid reading in the nineteenth and twentieth century drama,
with special attention to the period after Ibsen.

T-Th-S at 9.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.

English 34 x hf. The Drama from 1588 to 1800.
A study of the English Drama, exclusive of Shakespeare, from Marlowe to Sheridan.

Pre-requisite: English 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.

�CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
English 35. The Eighteenth Century.
English Literature from 1688 to the death of Shelley. The important
writers of the Restoration, the Eighteenth Century, and the French
Revolution will be studied with their political, social, and intellectual
backgrounds. Admission by consent of the instructor.
Pre-requisite: English 21.
M-W-Fatn.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD.
[English 36 'hi. Nineteenth Century Romantic Poets.]

T-Th at 2.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

5

English 43. Mediaeval Literature.
A Study of the most important writings in English from the twelfth to
the fifteenth Centuries.
Pre-requisite:' English 21.

M-W-F at 8.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD.
English 45. Shakespeare.
The plays and poems. Intensive study of four plays.

M-W-F at 9.

First half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR BACON.
[English 37 a hf. Victorian Literature.]

T-Th at 2.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR BACON.
English 38. American Literature.
Puritan and Colonial writings, the literature of the Revolution; the
New England school; Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman ; the Frontier and the South. When possible this literature will be
studied as creative art, otherwise as the expression of national or sectional culture. Students electing this course are recommended to elect at
the same time History 41.

M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR BROWN.
[English 39. American Literature from 1870.]
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR BROWN.

PROFESSOR BROWN.
[English 47. Prose of the Nineteenth Century.]
Detailed study of Lamb, Hunt, and Hazlitt in the first half-year; of
Carlyle and Ruskin in the second half-year. Attention will be given
to biography and character of the authors as well as to their works. The
course, however, is chiefly concerned with matters of content and style.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR BACON.
English 49. The Novel.
A study of the novel primarily as a form of literary art, but with some
attention to its sociological usefulness. In the first half-year the course
will be concerned chiefly with the types and forms of the novel and the
craftsmanship of the novelist. In the second half-year a few great
novels, probably selected from the works of Tolstoy, Dostoievsky,
Turgeniev, Balzac, and Stendhal, will be studied thoroughly. No one
should elect the course who is not able to read a novel of average length
each week. Open to Juniors.

M-W-F at 3.
PROFESSOR BROWN.

[English 41. Chaucer.]
The Canterbury Tales, the minor poems, and one of the longer poems.
Collateral readings in the history and literature of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries.
Required of English Majors.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR HATFIELD.

FRENCH
French i. Beginning French.
Elements necessary for acquiring the language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.

M-W-F at i i .
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.

�6

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
[French 31. Eighteenth Century French Literature.]

French 2. Intermediate French.
Review of basic principles: grammar and composition, conversation,
reading from the works of nineteenth century and contemporary
authors.
Pre-requisite: French i, or two years of high school French.
Section A, M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
Section B, T-Th-S at n. PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 11. Introduction to French Literature.
A summary view of French literature illustrated by reading from
representative works of the more important periods. Collateral reading
and reports.
Pre-requisite: French 2, or three years of high school French.

M-W-F at 11.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 13. French Composition and Conversation.
Required of French Majors.
Pre-requisite: French u, or four years of high school French.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
French 15 1 hf. French Literature and Civilization.
From the origins to the French Revolution. In English translations.
M-W-F at 10.
First half-year.

PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 16 2 hf. French Literature and Civilization
French Revolution.

7

from

the

M-W-F at 10.

Political and Social conditions; literary salons. Transitional writers:
Bayle and Fontenelle. Montesquieu, Voltaire, Buffon, Diderot, the
Encyclopedia. The tragedy: Voltaire. The bourgeois drama: Diderot,
La Chaussee, Sedaine. The Comedy: Lesage, Marivaux, Beaumarchais.
The novel: Lesage, Marivaux, Prevost, Voltaire, Diderot. Dawn of
Romanticism: Rousseau, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. The Revolution,
Andre Chenier, Literature and the Revolution. Oratory, journalism.
General characteristics.
Pre-requisite: French n.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 41. Nineteenth
Literature.

Century

and

Contemporary

French

Political and social conditions. The Romantic period. The pioneers.
Poetry, the drama, the novel. History and criticism. General characteristics. The Realistic Period to our own day. Poetry: The Parnasse,
symbolism, neo-classicism, neo-symbolism, vers libristes. Theater: the
comedy of manners and the problem-play, the farce and the vaudeville.
Naturalism on the stage: The slice-o-life play, the Theatre-libre, the
Theatre Antoine, the wicked and cruel drama. The reaction: the idealistic, social, psychological, poetical, popular, mirthful, and symbolistic
play. The novel: realism and naturalism. The reaction: the idealistic,
analytical, social, historical, regional, and exotic novel. History, philosophy, literary, and art criticism. Oratory and the press. Religious and
scientific writers. Women authors. French literature in Belgium, Switzerland, Canada. Provencal literature. Literature and the World War.
General characteristics.
Pre-requisite: French n.

M-W-F

at 2.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.

Second half-year.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 21. Voltaire.
A study of his life and works. Aspects of Voltaire as a poet, conteur,
dramatist, historian, wit, correspondent, etc. His debt to foreign literature; his influence. Lectures and collateral reading in French and
English.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.

GERMAN
German i. Beginning German.
Elements necessary for acquiring the language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.
Section A; M-W-F at 8. PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
Section B ; M-W-F at n. MR. KREBS.
Section C; M-W-F at 10. MR. KREBS.

�CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

German 10. Intermediate German.
Review of basic principles: grammar and composition; conversation;
reading from works of nineteenth century and contemporary authors.
Pre-requisite : German I, or two years of high school German.
Section A ; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
Section B; T-Th-S at 8. MR. KREBS.

9

GREEK
Greek i. Beginning Greek.
Elements of grammar and composition ; readings from simple texts.

T-Th-S at 10.
MR. KIEFFER.

German 20. Modern Literature.
Training to enable the student to translate German rapidly. Oral and
written reports on prepared translation; sight translation.
Pre-requisite:

German 10, or three years of high school

German.
T-Th-S at 8.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.

Greek 21 1 hf. Xenophon. *
Reading of the first four books of the ANABASIS, together with advanced
study of Greek prose composition.

Pre-requisite: Greek i.
M-W-F at 10.
First half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.

German 21. Scientific German.
Intended for students specializing in sciences.

Pre-requisite: German 10, or three years of high school
German.
T-Th at 10.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
German 25. Introduction to the History of German Civilization.
A lecture course in English, with outside reading and written reports.
To give any student an opportunity to become acquainted with German
life, thought, and art in the past and present time.

Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
German 30. Survey of German Literature.
Representative examples of German prose, poetry, and drama from
the seventeenth century to the present. Discussion; reports.

Pre-fequisite: German 20.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
German 40. Problems of Current German Life and Thought.
Open only to men majoring in German.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.

Greek 22 2 hf. Homer.
Readings from the ILIAD ; advanced study of Greek prose composition.

Pre-requisite: Greek 21.
M-W-F at 10.
Second half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.
Greek 31. Plato; Greek Tragedy.
Readings from Plato. Study of two representative plays of the tragic
poets, together with the historical development of the Greek theatre.

Pre-requisite: Greek 21 or 22.
M-W-F at 9.
MR. KIEFFER.
[Greek 33. Greek Comedy; Greek Lyric Poets.]
Study of Greek Comedy and Aristophanes and reading of two representative plays. Reading and study of poets from Tyrtaeus to Simonides
of Ceos, including Archilochus, Sappho, and Anacreon.

Pre-requisite: Greek 21 or 22.
To be omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.

�10

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

LATIN
[Latin i. Beginning Latin.]
Elements of grammar and composition; first four books of Caesar's
Gallic Wars.

To be omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
MR. KIEFFER.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

11

Latin 24 2 hf. Plautus and Terence.
Reading of a representative play of each; Study of the antecedents,
development, and historical influence of the Roman theatre.

M-W-F at 2.
Second half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.

Latin n 1 hf. Readings from Latin Prose Authors.
Readings principally from Cornelius Nepos, together with advanced
study of Latin prose composition. General introduction to Roman
civilization.

Pre-requisite; Latin i, or two or three years of high school
Latin.
T-Th-S at 11.
First half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.
Latin 12 2 hf. Virgil, ^Eneid.
Study of the literary and historical value of Virgil and the epic as a
poetic form. Collateral study of the literature and history of the
Augustan Age.

Pre-requisite: Latin i, or two or three years of high school
Latin.
T-Th-S at II.
Second half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.
[Latin 21. Latin Poetry.]
Careful survey of Latin poetry from Ennius to Juvenal, completed with
intensive study of the works of Horace and Catullus in their literary
and historical backgrounds.

Pre-requisite: Latin n and 12, or four years of high school
Latin.
Omitted in 1929-30.

SPANISH
Spanish i. Elementary Spanish.
Elements necessary for acquiring the language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.

Section A, M-W-F at 8.
Section B, T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.
Spanish 2. Intermediate Spanish.
Review of basic principles: grammar and composition; conversation;
reading from the works of nineteenth century and contemporary
authors.

Pre-requisite: Spanish i, or two years of high school Spanish.
M-W-F at 9.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.
Spanish n. Introduction to Spanish Literature.
A general view of Spanish literature, illustrated by reading from
representative works of the more important periods. Collateral reading
and reports.

Pre-requisite : Spanish 2, or three years of high school Spanish.
M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

Latin 23 ] hf. Letters of Cicero and Pliny.
Detailed studies of those aspects of Roman civilization portrayed by
these authors. Collateral readings in English.

Pre-requisite: Latin 11 and 12, or four years of high school
Latin.
M-W-F at 2.
First half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.

[Spanish 13. Spanish Composition and Conversation.]
A study of Spanish syntax; original compositions; practice in speaking
Spanish. Required of all men majoring in Spanish.

Pre-requisite : Spanish 2, or three years of high school Spanish.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.

�12

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Spanish 31. Modern Spanish Novel.

13

Economics 32. Financial Problems.

A study of the development of the Spanish novel from the nineteenth
century on. Reading of novels from the more important authors; reports
and discussions; individual collateral reading and reports.

The subject of money, credit, and banking will be studied in its relation
to investment and corporation finance. A survey rather than specialization will be the purpose of this course.

Pre-requisite: Spanish n, or four years of high school
Spanish.
M-W-F at 3.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

Pre-requisite: Economics 21.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.
Economies' 41. History of Economic Thought.

[Spanish 41. Spanish Drama.]
Lectures on the literary movements affecting the drama. Reading of
representative plays from the Golden Age to the present; discussion;
collateral reading; reports.

A conference and reading course in economic theory and the major
subjects of economic controversy.

Open only to Seniors majoring in Economics.
M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

Pre-requisite: Spanish n, or four years of high school
Spanish.
Omitted in 1929-30.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

GOVERNMENT
II. DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PHILOSOPHY

Government 11. American Government.

PROFESSORS STRYKER (Chairman}, ALLES, BROCKWAY, KINGSBURY, MCLAREN,
AND WYCKOFF

The introductory course required of all students majoring in Government. Origins and development of the American form of government;
federal, state, and local. About two-thirds of the year will be devoted
to the federal government; one-third to state and local government.
Emphasis on present day problems of government, and on the rights,
duties, and responsibilities of citizens.

ECONOMICS
THE WILLIAM WOODWARD FOUNDATION

M-W-F at 9.

Economics 21. General Principles.

PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

A study of the economics of living and an analysis of economic laws.

M-W-F at 10.

Government 21. Governments of Europe.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

This course will consider problems of industrial relations and the sig
nificance of tendencies in the forms of business organization.

An analysis of the structure and functioning
principal European states, and a comparison
and practices. The shift from" monarchical
rise of autocracies in Italy and Russia, and
will be studied.

Pre-requisite: Economics 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

Pre-requisite : Government 11.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

Economics 31. Industrial Problems.

I
1

of the governments of the
with American institutions
to democratic forms; the
other recent developments

�14

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Government 23. State and Local Government.
A more detailed study of the organization and functioning of state,
municipal, and local governments for the student who may go into public
life in this country. Problems of the electorate, of political parties, of
legislative organization and procedure, and of state and local administration, including the administration of justice, will be studied, with
special reference to the State of Maryland.

Pre-requisite: Government n.
M-W-F at n.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
Government 31. History of Political Ideas.
A study of the theories of politics and of government from classical
times to the present day, intended to show the evolution of systematic
political reasoning and the basis of modern political thought. The
ideas of the philosophers on such subjects as political liberty, democracy,
sovereignty, the best form of government, anarchism, socialism, and
problems of international order, will be studied. Open only with the
consent of the instructor to students whose interests and training fits
them for the course.
T-Th-S at II.

PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

[Government 43 1 hf. Political Parties.]
The history, organization, functions, and methods of political parties
particularly in the United States. Topics studied will include nominating
and election methods, the boss, the machine, the spoils system, campaign
methods, and the problems of government by public opinion.

Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government n ; (2) Government 23, or
Government 31.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
[Government 44 2 hf. Constitutional Law.]
A study of the leading cases in American constitutional law illustrating
the evolution of governmental powers and the rights of individuals
under the constitution.

Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government n ; (2) Government 23, or
Government 31.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY. .

HISTORY

[Government 41 1 hf. International Relations.]
A survey of the present-day factors affecting international relations:
nationalism, imperialism, exploitation of backward nations, racial minorities, militarism and armaments, tariff wars, etc.

Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government n ; (2) Government 21,
or Government 31, or History 31.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
[Government 42 2 hf. International Organization.]
The development of international cooperation, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes, with particular reference to the work
of the League of Nations and the World Court, and the evolution of a
law of nations.

Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government i l ; (2) Government 21, or
Government 31, or History 31 ; (3) Government 41.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

IS

History i. Historical Survey.
An outline of human development, political, economic, religious, intellectual. Intended for students taking but one course in history and as a
pre-requisite for men majoring in history.

T-Th-S at
PROFESSOR STRYKER.
History 21. Mediaeval European History.
A course in the foundations of modern Europe and America from the
breakdown of the Roman Empire in the west to the establishment of
the national state.

T-Th-S at ii.
PROFESSOR STRYKER.
History 23. English History.
A survey of English history.
M.-W-F at 9.

PROFESSOR BROCKWAY.

�16

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

History 31. Modern European History.
An outline of the history of Europe from the emergence of the national
state to the European War of 1914-1918.

M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR BROCKWAY.
History 32. Constitutional History.
A study of constitutional development in England and the United States.
A lecture course with required readings and semester reports.

Pre-requisite: History i or History 23 or Government n.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR STRYKER.
History 33. England in the Eighteenth Century.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR BROCKWAY.
History 41. The History of the United States.
The social history of the United States from Colonial times to the
present. Conducted as a seminar.

Pre-requisite: History 21 and History 31.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR STRYKER.
History 43. The European War.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

17

Philosophy 12 2 hf. Introduction to Philosophy.
The course deals with such problems in philosophy as the origin and
nature of human knowledge; the origin and development of life; the
problem of matter and of mind and their relation; God; freedom; and
immortality.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.
T-Th-S at n.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 15. Ethics.
A study of the moral development of mankind from primitive man to
the present, with special emphasis on such outstanding ethical systems as
Buddhism, Christianity, Greek Ethics (Plato and Aristotle), Stoicism,
Kant, etc.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.'
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 31. History of Philosophy.

A study of the origins of the European War of 1914-1918 and of the
post-war problems of the various European powers. Conducted as a
seminar.

A study of philosophic speculation from the early Greeks to modern
times.

Pre-requisite: History i or History 31.
Th 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR BROCKWAY.

T-Th-S at 10.

PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy 11 x hf. Logic.
The course is chiefly concerned with the study of valid and invalid
forms of reasoning in deductive and inductive logic.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.
T-Th-S at ii.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 34 2 hf. Locke ; Berkeley ; Hume.
An interpretation of their philosophy based on the reading of their
works.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 12 or 31, or the permission of the
instructor.
M-W-F at 3.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

�CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
18

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Philosophy 35 J hf. History of Religion.
A study of the development of religion including primitive religion
(Mana, Fetiches, Magic), Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Mohammedanism, and Christianity.

M-W-F at 2.
First half-year.

PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 36 2 hf. Psychology and Philosophy of Religion.
The course falls into two parts :
1. The Psychology of Religion in which is studied the contributions of
modern psychology toward an understanding of religion and the
different types of religious experience.
2. The Philosophy of Religion which tests the validity of the claim
which religion makes, i. e., it wants to know whether that which
religion claims is true.

Pre-requisite: A half-course in Philosophy or Psychology,
or the permission of the instructor.
M-W-F at 2.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
[Philosophy 41 ] hf. Plato.]
An interpretation of Plato's philosophy based on the reading of his
dialogues including the REPUBLIC.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 31.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
[Philosophy 42 2 hf.

Schopenhauer.]

An interpretation of Schopenhauer's philosophy based on the reading of
THE WORLD AS WILL AND IDEA.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 31.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

19

PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology 21. General Introduction to Psychology.
This course will aim to give the student a general knowledge of human
nature and development. It should give a good survey view of dynamic,
applied psychology. It will serve as a basis for any future study in
the field.

Registration for this course will be limited to 30 men.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.
Psychology 31 ] hf. Social Psychology.
A course in social behavior, and the contributions of psychology to the
solutions of its problems, rather than a course strictly in the psychology
of social behavior. It will stress the individual's social relations, social
adjustments, and social control.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
T-Th-S at 8.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.
Psychology 34 2 hf. Mental Hygiene and Abnormal Psychology.
This course will present the common deviations from the normal, but
with the main purpose of pointing out the ways and means of achieving,
preserving, or restoring the normal. It will lay minimum stress on the
morbid, and maximum on those principles which have constructive value
for healthful living.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
T-Th-S at 8.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.
Psychology 41. Modern Educational Practices.
This course should be taken by prospective teachers as fundamental
background for future study. The course will aim to set up a sound
concept of the purpose of education in the broadest sense, and then
to discover the best means of achieving the ends of such education.
Particular emphasis will be given to organization, administration,
teaching methods, curriculum contents, and student activities in high
school and college.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.

�20

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

III. DIVISION OF THE SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS
PROFESSORS RIDGELY (Chairman), ALLEN, APPEL, BERNHARD, BINGLEY,
EASON AND VEDOVA, AND MESSRS. BAYLIFF AMD McFARLiN.

BIOLOGY
Biology I I . Beginning Zoology.
General principles of animal life, with an introduction to Histology,
Embryology, and Genetics; and a survey of the common groups of animals, with laboratory work on the anatomy and physiology of type forms.
Two hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

A history of the highest type of animal structure as seen in the development of the chick and the pig. An introduction to human biology. Two
hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00 per half-year.
Recitation, W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
Given each half-year.
PROFESSOR RIDGELY.
Biology 30. Histology.

Biology 33 1 hf. Biological Technique.
Training in laboratory methods, making microscope slides, etc. Register
only with consent of instructor. Three hours of laboratory.

Section C; Recitation, M-W at 2.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
MR. BAYLIFF.
of Vertebrates.

A history of the highest type of animal structure as revealed throughout
the vertebrate series. An introduction to human biology. Two hours
of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00 per half-year.
Recitation, W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
Given each half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.

Biology 22 J hf. or 2 hf. Embryology of the Vertebrates.

Pre-requisite: one year of college Biology.
Laboratory fee, $5.00 per half-year.
Recitation, M-F at 9.
Laboratory, M from i to 4.
PROFESSORS RIDGELY AND APPEL.

Section B ; ( Pre-medical students).
Recitation, W-F at 2.
Laboratory, T-Th from i to 4.
PROFESSOR APPEL.

Anatomy

21

Microscopic study of normal cells and tissues of mammals. Two hours
of recitation and three hours of laboratory.

Laboratory fee, $10.00 per half-year.
Section A; Recitation, M-W at n.
Laboratory, W-F from i to 4.
PROFESSOR RIDGELY.

Biology 21 1 hf. or 2 hf. Comparative

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Pre-requisite: Biology 11 and Biology 30.
Laboratory fee, $5.00.
Conference regularly, M from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSORS RIDGELY AND APPEL AND MR. BAYLIFF.
Biology 34 2 hf.

Genetics.

A study of the principles of heredity and variation as they are known
from experiments in breeding. Practical problems will be assigned.
Three hours of recitation.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
M-W-F at 10.
Second half-year.
MR. BAYLIFF.

�22

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

[Biology 37 J hf. Parasitology.]
A study of parasitic organisms as related to medicine and daily life.
This course alternates in successive years with Biology 38 'hi. Three
hours of recitation.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
MR. BAYLIFF.
Biology 38 J hf. Invertebrate Zoology.
A survey of the invertebrate animals, their morphology, physiology,
and embryology. Special attention to forms transitional between the
phyla. This course alternates in successive years with Biology 37 *hf.
Three hours of recitation.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
M-W-F at 10.
First half-year.
MR. BAYLIFF.

CHEMISTRY
Chemistry i. General Chemistry.
An introductory course in which phenomena of chemistry and the
underlying principles are studied. Experimental lectures on the elements
and their compounds are given. This is a cultural course intended for
students who will not take their major in the sciences. Two hours
of lectures, one hour of recitation, and four hours of laboratory. An
extra hour will be required of all students having difficulties with the
course.

Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
. Section A; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 10 to 12.
Section B; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Make-up for both sections, M at i.
PROFESSOR ALLEN AND MR. MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 2. General Chemistry for Science Students.
A more comprehensive course in General Chemistry; the same course
as Chemistry I with the exception that a one hour lecture replaces the
one hour of recitation on Friday. The lectures and laboratory work

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

23

will include topics which are in part introductory to Qualitative Analysis. Three hours of lectures and four hours of laboratory. Required
of all students majoring in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. An
extra hour will be required of all students having difficulties with the
course. Students who at the beginning of their Sophomore year choose
a Science as their major and have taken Chemistry I must take the
one hour lecture given in Chemistry 2 on Friday.

Laboratory fee, $25.00 per year and breakage.
Section A; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 10 to 12.
Section B; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Make-up for both sections, M at i.
PROFESSORS BERNHARD AND ALLEN AND MR. MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 21 J hf. Qualitative Analysis.
The aim of this course is to give to the student a thorough grounding
in the principles involved in the detection of unknown substances. In
the lectures and recitations special emphasis is given to the theoretical
foundations of analytical chemistry. The laboratory work is devoted to
the qualitative analysis of " unknowns" and to the separation and
identification of the metals and acid radicals usually met with in Inorganic Chemistry. Two hours of lectures and recitations and six hours
of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 2 and Mathematics i.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN AND MR. MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 22 2 hf. Quantitative Analysis, Part I.
The theory of volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Exercises in
acidimetry and alkalimetry, and gravimetric determination of simple
compounds. One hour lecture and eight hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, Th at 8.
Laboratory, M from 2 to 4. W-F from i to 4.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN AND MR. MCFARLIN.

�24

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Chemistry 31 'hf. Quantitative Analysis, Part II.
Continuation of Part I, including volumetric and gravimetric methods
for the determination of salts, minerals, and alloys. One hour lecture
and eight hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry 22.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, Th at 8.
Laboratory, M from 2 to 4; W-F from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN AND MR. McFART.iN.
Chemistry 32 2 hf. Physical Chemistry.
Substances in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states; the structure of
matter; energy changes; chemical equilibria; and substances in dilute
solution form the basis of study. The laboratory work includes determinations of molecular weights, measurements of physical properties,
etc. Three hours of lectures and four hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21 and Mathematics 21.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W I to 5.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN.

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Chemistry 42. Advanced Organic Chemistry.
Selected topics of Organic Chemistry are discussed in greater detail.
Readings in the original literature are assigned. The laboratory work
in the first half-year includes Quantitative Organic Analysis and the
preparation of organic compounds. During the second half-year students
majoring in chemistry are expected to concentrate on some small research problem. Two hours of lectures and six hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry 33.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Recitation, T-Th at 8.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.
[Chemistry 43. Advanced Physical Chemistry.]
Conference and laboratory course with assigned reading in the original
literature. The topics treated include thermodynamics, theory of strong
electrolytes, colloid chemistry, photochemistry, and catalysis. The
laboratory work is a continuation of that of the elementary course.
Three hours of lectures and recitations and six hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry 32.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Recitation, T-Th-S at 8.
Laboratory, M-F from i to 4.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.

MATHEMATICS

Chemistry 33. Organic Chemistry.
An introductory course in the chemistry of carbon compounds. The
lectures and laboratory are designed to give a fundamental knowledge
of the representative compounds and their reactions in the aliphatic
and aromatic series. Two hours of lectures and recitation and six hours
of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry i or 2.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W at 11.
Laboratory, T-Th from i to 4.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.
Chemistry 41 1 hf. History of Chemistry.
A seminar course. Two hours a week.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21 and 33.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.

25

Mathematics I. Algebra and Plane Geometry.
This course is required of students who have failed in the sustaining
entrance examination in Mathematics. The subject matter of secondary
school mathematics, algebra through the solution of quadratic equations,
and plane geometry are thoroughly reviewed. No credit toward the
degree.

M-W-F at 8.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics n. Introduction to Mathematical Analysis.
This course aims to give a survey of Trigonometry, College Algebra,
Analytic Geometry, and an introduction to the fundamental concepts
of the Calculus. The two-fold purpose of mathematical study is
emphasized: to enable the student to use mathematical processes as a
tool in his scientific studies, and to enable him to recognize the cultural
value of rigorous thinking.
Section A ; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Section B ; T-Th-S at 9. PROFESSOR BINGLEY.

�26

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Mathematics 21. Analytic Geometry and the Calculus.

Mathematics 35. The Elements of Mechanics.

Plane Analytic Geometry, the straight line, circle, parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola, with a short introduction to Analytic Geometry of three
dimensions.
Methods of differentiation, series, indeterminate forms, etc., with the
simpler applications to mechanics and the higher plane curves. Formulas
of integration, with applications to the determination of length, areas,
volumes, centers of gravity, pressures, and moments of inertia.

Pre-requisite: Mathematics n.
M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.

Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.

A continuation of Mathematics 31 with an introduction to differential
equations and functions of a complex variable. The partial differential
equations of physics are studied.

Derivation and application of general formulas for the value of single
sums of money, annuities certain, life annuities, and life insurance.

M-W-F at ii.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.

A study of the classical and recent statistical methods.

The principles of statics and dynamics, with applications to particles
and rigid bodies.

Mathematics 41. Mathematical Analysis, Part II.

Mathematics 25 J hf. The Mathematics of Finance.

Mathematics 26 2 hf. Statistical Methods.

27

*

Pre-requisite : Mathematics 31.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
[Mathematics 43. Introduction to Modern Geometry.]
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 33.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be offered in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.

M-W-F at II.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Mathematics 31. Mathematical Analysis, Part I.
An advanced course in the Calculus with an introduction to Differential
Geometry. The applications of mathematical analysis to the physical
sciences are stressed.

Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics 33. Higher Algebra.
In this course such topics as matrices, linear transformations, forms,
etc., are studied with a view to preparing the student for further work
in pure mathematics.

Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at ii.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.

PHYSICS
Physics 21. Elements of Physics.
This course covers the elements of Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, Sound, and Light. It is designed to give the student an acquaintance with, and an explanation of, the natural phenomena which
envelop his daily life. Three hours of recitation and four hours of
laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Mathematics n.
Laboratory fee, $10 per half-year and breakage.
Section A; Recitation, T-Th-S at 8.
Laboratory, T-Th 2 to 4.
Section B; Recitation, T-Th-S at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR EASON.

�28

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Physics 31. Electricity and Magnetism.
Beginning with the fundamental ideas underlying Electrical Science,
this course explains how such principles may be applied in industry,
the arts, and to the problems of everyday life. Three hours of recitation
and four hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Physics 21 and Mathematics 21 and 22.
Mathematics 21 and 22 may be taken concurrently.
Laboratory fee, $10 per half-year and breakage.
Recitation, T-Th-S at 9.
Laboratory, T-Th from 10 to 12.
PROFESSOR EASON.
[Physics 41. Physical Optics.]
This course deals with the subject of light very thoroughly, both from
the physical and mathematical points of view and terminates with a
short study of the Theory of Relativity. The student must realize that
the subject of light is a broad one and requires thorough preparation
in Mathematics and Chemistry. He will be expected to read much
from the available literature and to do considerable laboratory work.

Pre-requisite: Physics 21; Mathematics 31; Chemistry 2.
Laboratory fee, $10 per half-year and breakage.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR EASON.
[Physics 42. Theory of Heat.]
An attempt is made to acquaint the student with the modern theory
regarding the nature of heat and its practical application. The course
will be carried on both by text-book readings and lectures. Much
parallel reading will be assigned throughout the year and extensive
laboratory work done.

Pre-requisite: Physics 21; Mathematics 31; Chemistry 2.
Laboratory fee, $10 per half-year and breakage.
Omitted in 1929-30; to be given in 1930-31.
PROFESSOR EASON.
Physics 43. Electricity.
This is an advanced course in Electricity. The treatment is largely
mathematical supplemented with appropriate laboratory experiments.
The historical development of the subject is followed closely. Some
account of positive ray analysis, isotopes, and the modern theory of
the atom is included. The latter part of the course is devoted to the

CATALOGUE OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

29

study of the theory and practice of wireless telegraphy and telephony.
Three hours of recitation and four hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Physics 31; Mathematics 21. It is strongly
advised that Mathematics 31 be taken concurrently.
Laboratory fee, $10 per half-year and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at n.
Laboratory, W-F from 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR EASON.

Hygiene i. General Principles of Hygiene.
Lectures on the science of health. Biology; the supply of oxygen and
the elimination of carbon dioxide; food and the digestion of foods; heat
regulation of the body; removal of waste material from the body;
physical exercise; the nervous system; mental hygiene; diseases in
general; particular diseases.

One lecture each week from October 7 to December 9.
Required of all freshmen.
M at 4.
DR. MURPHY.

�Room Assignments for Courses Meeting in the First Half-Year
1929-30
Course
Art 21
Art 32
Art 41

Room
McDowell 24
McDowell 24
Randall
House

Biology II, Section A . . . .
Section B . . . .
Section C . . . .
Biology 21 Jhf
Biology
Biology 22 'hi
| Laboratory
Biology 30
Biology 33 *hf
Biology 38 xhf
Chemistry I, Section A . . . . 1
Section B . . .
Chemistry 2, Section A ...
Section B . . . . Chemistry
Chemistry 21 Jhf
• Lecture
Chemistry 31 Jhf
Room
Chemistry 33
Chemistry 41 'hi
Chemistry 42
Economics 21
McDowell 33
Economics 31
McDowell 33
Economics 32
McDowell 33
Economics 41
McDowell 33
English I, Section A
McDowell 36
Section B
Chemistry
Lecture
Room
Section C
McDowell 36
English 21
McDowell 22
English 26 ^f
McDowell 36
English 34 'hi
McDowell 36
English 35
McDowell 36
English 38
McDowell 36
English 43
McDowell 36
English 45
McDowell 36
English 49
McDowell 36
French I
McDowell 22
French 2, Section A
McDowell 35
Section B
McDowell 35
French 11
McDowell 35
French 13
McDowell 35
French 15 'hf
McDowell 35
French 21
McDowell 24
French 41
McDowell 35
German i, Section A
McDowell 31
Section B
McDowell 31
Section C
McDowell 31
German 10, Section A
McDowell 31
Section B
McDowell 32

Course
Room
German 20
McDowell 31
German 21
McDowell 22 .
Government n
McDowell 21
Government 21
McDowell 21
Government 23
McDowell 21
Government 31
McDowell 21
Greek I
McDowell 21
Greek 21 'hi
McDowell 21
Greek 31
McDowell 23
History I
McDowell 34
History 21
McDowell 34
History 23
McDowell 34
History 31
McDowell 34
History 32
McDowell 34
History 41
McDowell 34
History 43
McDowell 34
Hygiene i
McDowell Lecture Room
Latin 11 'hf
McDowell 23
Latin 23 'hi
McDowell 21
Mathematics I
McDowell 22
Mathematics n, Section A ..McDowell 22
Section B ..McDowell 23
Mathematics 21
McDowell 23
Mathematics 25 'hi
McDowell 23
Mathematics 31
McDowell 22
Mathematics 33
McDowell 22
Mathematics 35
McDowell 23
Mathematics 41
McDowell 23
Philosophy 11 *hf
McDowell 31
Philosophy 15
McDowell 31
Philosophy 31
McDowell 31
Philosophy 35 ahf
McDowell 31
Physics 21, Section A
Physics
Lecture
Room
Section B
Physics
Lecture
Room
Physics 31
Physics
Lecture
Room
Physics 43
Physics
Lecture
Room
Psychology 21
McDowell 32
Psychology 31 'hf
McDowell 33
Psychology 41
McDowell 35
Spanish I, Section A
McDowell 32
Section B
McDowell 32
Spanish 2
McDowell 32
Spanish 11
McDowell 32
Spanish 31
McDowell 32

NOTE: Courses bearing the announcement " Hours to be arranged " will meet at times
and places to be posted on Official Bulletin Board.

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                    <text>VOLUME I

NUMBER 2

BULLETIN OF

ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
IN ANNAPOLIS
ANNOUNCEMENT OF
COURSES
1931-32

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
SEPTEMBER, 1931
Published four times a year by St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland. Entered as
second-class matter January 31, 1931, at the post office at Annapolis, Maryland, under
the Act of August 24, 1912.

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

MID-YEAR EXAMINATION SCHEDULE
January 21 to 30, 1932
f 9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group XX
Thursday, January 21 ......... \ P. M.- 5 P. M ..... Group IX
f 9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group II
Friday, January 23...........| 2 p M _ 5 p M.....'GrQup xyi

Freshman courses are numbered from I to 10 and n to 20,
Sophomore courses from 21 to 30, Junior courses from 31 to 40,
Senior courses from 41 to 50. A course offered to any specific
class is ordinarily open to any member of a higher class. A
student may register for any course offered to a higher class
provided he obtains the permission of the instructor concerned
and the approval of the Dean. Courses not given in the current
academic year are bracketed. All courses are full courses running
throughout the year except where designated by 4if or 2 hf.
The Roman numeral in parentheses after the name and number
of each course indicates the examination group to which the course
is assigned.

Saturday, January 23 ......... | 9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Groups VI, XV
f 9 A. M.-I2 M
{ 2 P. M.- 5 P. M
v

Monday, January 25
jr,

Group III
Group XVII

f9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group XI
Tuesday, January 26. . ....... |2p M _ g p M .....
f 9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group XIX
Wednesday, January 27 ..... : • ( 2 P. M.- 5 P. M ..... Group X

I. DIVISION OF THE LANGUAGES,
LITERATURE, AND ART
PROFESSORS BROWN (Chairman), ARNAUD, BACON, FITZGERALD, GROPP,
HALSEY, KUEHNEMUND, SCOFIELD, SEGALL, AND STARR, AND
MESSRS. KlEFFER AND RODGERS

ART
Art 21. Survey of the History of Art.

(m)

f9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group IV
Thursday, January 28 ......... \ p. M.- 5 P. M ..... Group VIII

A survey of the history of art in Western Europe with special emphasis on the Greeks in the first half-year and on the Italian Renaissance in the second half-year.

f9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Groups XII, XVIII
Friday, January 29 ........... \ P. M.- 5 P. M ..... Group XIII

M-W-F at 10.

Saturday, January 30

.........

j 9 A. M.-I2 M ........ Group V

PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
[Art 31. The History of Painting in Western Europe.]
From the beginnings to impressionism. During the first half-year
special attention will be given to the Sienese and Florentine primitives
and to the great painters of the Renaissance in Italy; during the second
half-year to the Flemish primitives and to the Flemish, Dutch, and
Spanish schools of the seventeenth century.
Pre-requisite: Art 21.
M-W-F at 8.
Omitted in 1931-32.

PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.

�4

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Art 32. The Art of Classical Antiquity.
(i)
A study of the Greeks and Romans as we know them through their
fine and applied arts.

M-W-Fat8.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
English 23. Contemporary Literature.
(v)
A study of American and European art and social thought in poetry,
prose fiction, and the drama.

M-W-F at i.

PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Art 41. The Background of American Life.
(iv)
A study of Colonial America, its architecture, its furniture, its silver,
glass, and pottery. Lectures, discussion, and conferences. Frequent
opportunity will be given the student to examine the materials of the
course at first hand.
W-Fat ii.
PROFESSOR HALSEY.

ENGLISH
English i. Grammar, Composition, and Prose Forms.
(xv)
The course is intended to supply students with the elements of English
Grammar and the English Language as a useful tool. Frequent papers ;
conferences; collateral reading. Required of all Freshmen unless they
pass an anticipatory examination in grammar and composition. Does not
count toward fulfillment of major or distribution.
Section A ; T-Th-S at 10. PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
Section B; T-Th-S at 9. PROFESSOR STARR.
Section C; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR BROWN.
Section D; T-Th-S at 10. MR. RODGERS.
Section E; T-Th-S at 9. MR. RODGERS.
[English 10. General Literature.]
An introduction to the study of literature, with class discussions, independent readings, and written reports. This course is offered as an
elective for students who are excused from the prescribed course in
English Composition.
T-Th-S at 8.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR BROWN.
English 21. Survey of English Literature.
( In )
A study of the main tendencies of English Literature from Beowulf to
the present time, with readings in great or characteristic writers and
in social backgrounds. Required of all Sophomores who propose to
major in English.
M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR BACON.

PROFESSOR BROWN.
[English 24 2 hf. The Modern Drama.]
A course in rapid reading in the nineteenth and twentieth century drama,
with special attention to the period after Ibsen.
T-Th-S at 9.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
[English 261hf. The Bible as Literature: The Old Testament.l
A reading course in the literature of the King James Version of the
Bible.
T-Th-S at 8.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[English 27 2 hf. The Bible as Literature: The New Testament.]
T-Th-S at 8.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[English 28 Mif. The Legend of King Arthur.]
The historical Arthur of the sixth century will be discussed in relation
to the romantic figure of the Middle Ages, especially in Geoffrey of
Monmouth and in Malory. The later stories of Arthur down to
Tennyson and Edwin Arlington Robinson will be included.

M-W-F at 9.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.

�6

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

[English 29 2 hf. English Nautical Literature.]
The course will discuss particularly sea-stories in English from Beowulj
to John Masefield. Especial emphasis will be placed on the sea-novel.
Defoe, Smollett, Marryat, Cooper, Melville, and Conrad will be studied
carefully.

M-W-F at 9.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.
[English 30 2 hf. Advanced Composition.']
Practice in the writing of prose, chiefly narrative. Admission by the
consent of the instructor.
. Hours to be arranged.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[English 31. Types of Literature.]
A study of the various types of poetry in the first half-year, of prose
in the second half-year. Intended primarily for students whose major
subject lies without the field of literature.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR BACON.
English 32. The Nineteenth Century.
(x)
This course is intended to give a comprehensive view of the poetry
and the prose (including the novel) of the nineteenth century, from
Byron to Oscar Wilde. The change from the romanticism of the early
nineteenth century poets to that of the Victorians, and the gradual
development of the didactic purpose in prose of the period will be
especially emphasized. There will be frequent class-room discussions,
and occasional papers.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR STARR.
[English 33. The Seventeenth Century.]
Particular attention will be paid to John Donne and his School, Ber
Jonson, Milton, Dryden, and the Restoration Dramatists.
Hours to be arranged.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

7

[English 34 Uif. The Drama from 1588 to 1800.]
A study of the English Drama, exclusive of Shakespeare, from Marlowe to Sheridan.
Pre-requisite: English 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
English 35. The Eighteenth Century.
English Literature from 1688 to the death of Shelley. The important
writers of the Restoration, the Eighteenth Century, and the French
Revolution will be studied with their political, social, and intellectual
backgrounds. Admission by consent of the instructor.
Pre-requisite: English 21.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR BROWN.
[English 36 x hf. Romantic Poetry of the Eighteenth Century.]
A survey of English romantic poetry from Anne of Winchelsea to
Wordsworth. Important poets studied will include Thomson, Gray,
Cowper, Coleridge, and Wordsworth.
Tuesday at 10.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.
[English 37 *hf. Romantic Poetry of the Nineteenth Century.]
Byron, Shelley, Keats, Arnold, Browning, Tennyson, and Swinburne
will be studied in detail.
Tuesday at 10.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.

�8

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

[English 38. American Literature.]
Puritan and Colonial writings, the literature of the Revolution; the
New England school; Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman ; the Frontier and the South. When possible this literature will be
studied as creative art, otherwise as the expression of national or sectional culture. Students electing this course are recommended to elect at
the same time History 41.
M-W-F at 10.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR BROWN.
[English 39. American Literature from 1870.]

M-W-F at i.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR BROWN.
English 41. Chaucer.
(iv)
The Prologue and ten of the Canterbury Tales wilf be carefully read in
class. In addition the minor poems, The Book of the Duchess, and
Troilus and Criseyde will be studied less in detail. Other important
works of the fourteenth century, especially Gaivain and the Green
Knight and The Pearl will be read.
M-W-F at ii.
Required of English Majors.
PROFESSOR STARR.
[English 43. Mediaeval Literature.]
A Study of the most important writings in English from the twelfth to
the fifteenth Centuries.
Pre-requisite: English 21.

M-W-F at 8.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR STARR.
English 45. Shakespere.
(in)
A general course with little emphasis on technical problems. In the
first half-year the student will read about twenty plays, and make some
study of social and cultural backgrounds. In the second half-year
there will be a detailed examination of Troilus and Cressida, Measure
for Measure, and the five great tragedies. Special attention will be
given to Shakespere's theory of tragedy and to the philosophical and
religious views contained in his principal plays.
M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR BROWN.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

9

English 49. The Novel.
A study of the novel primarily as a form of literary art, but with some
attention to its sociological usefulness. In the first half-year the course
will be concerned chiefly with the types and forms of the novel and the
craftsmanship of the novelist. In the second half-year a few great
novels, probably selected from the works of Tolstoy, Dostoievsky,
Turgeniev, Balzac, and Stendhal, will be studied thoroughly. No one
should elect the course who is not able to read a novel of average length
each week. Open to Juniors.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR SCOFIELD.
English 50 hf. English Conference.
Course 50 is intended for those who like to read widely and independently. The subject matter of the course will vary with each^student,
according to his needs and inclinations. Members of the course will
meet the instructor once a week individually, or in small groups.
Papers on assigned topics will occasionally be required.
Half course extending throughout the year.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR STARR.

FRENCH
French i. Beginning French.
(xvi)
Elements necessary for acquiring the language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.
M-W-F at 11.
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
French 2. Intermediate French.
(xvn)
Review of basic principles: grammar and composition, conversation,
reading from the works of nineteenth century and contemporary
authors.
Pre-requisite: French i, or two years of high school French.
Section A ; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
Section B ; M-W-F at 10. PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
French 11. Introduction to French Literature.
(iv)
A summary view of French literature illustrated by reading from
representative works of the more important periods. Collateral reading
and reports.
Pre-requisite: French 2, or three years of high school French.

M-W-F at 11.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.

�10

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

French 13. French Composition and Conversation.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

11

(v)

French 41. Nineteenth Century and Contemporary French
Literature.
(vi)

Pre-requisite: French i, or two years of high school French.
M-W-F at i.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.

A study of the literary tendencies of the age and the social and political
conditions underlying them. The eighteenth century precursors, the
literature of the Empire, romanticism, realism, naturalism, symbolism,
and neo-romanticism will be considered. Students taking this course
should be able to read French with ease.

Required of French Majors.

French 15 4if. French Literature and Civilization.

(in)

From the origins to the French Revolution. In English translations.

M-W-F at 10.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 16 2 hf. French Literature and Civilization from the
French Revolution.
M-W-F at 10.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.
French 21. Voltaire.
A study of his life and works. Aspects of Voltaire as a poet, conteur,
dramatist, historian, wit, correspondent, etc. His debt to foreign literature; his influence. Lectures and collateral reading in French and
English.

Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
[French 25. Sixteenth Century French Literature.]
Hours to be arranged.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR ARNAUD.
[French 31. Eighteenth Century French Literature.]
The literary movements of the Age of Reason and their relations to
the social and political conditions of the period. Outstanding authors,
such as Lesage, Marivaux, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau,
will be studied in some of their representative works. A good reading
knowledge of French is required.

Pre-requisite: French 11.
M-W-F at 2.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.

Pre-requisite: French 11.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR SEGALL.

GERMAN
German i. Beginning German.

(xvi)

Elements necessary for acquiring the language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.

Section A; M-W-F at 8. PROFESSOR GROPP.
Section B; M-W-F at n. PROFESSOR GROPP.
German 10. Intermediate German.

(n, vin)

Review of basic principles: grammar and composition; conversation;
reading from works of nineteenth century and contemporary authors.

Pre-requisite: German i, or two years of high school German.
Section A; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
Section B; T-Th-S at 8. PROFESSOR GROPP.
German 20. Modern Literature.

(vi)

Training to enable the student to translate German rapidly. Oral and
written reports on prepared translation; sight translation.

Pre-requisite: German 10, or three years of high school
German.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
German 21. Scientific German.
(v)
Intended for students specializing in sciences.
Pre-requisite: German 10, or three years of high school
German.
M-W-F at i.
PROFESSOR GROPP.

�•
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BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

German 25. Introduction to the History of German
Civilization.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

(v)

13

Greek 23 *hf. History of Classical Mythology.

A lecture course in English, with outside reading and written reports.
To give any student an opportunity to become acquainted with German
life, thought, and art in the past and present time.

Study of the Myths as they appear in Ancient and Modern Literature
with discussion of the light they throw on early history and on social
conditions. Knowledge of Greek and Latin not required.

M-W-Fat i.

M-W-F at i.
MR. KIEFFER.

PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
[German 26. History of German Civilization during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.]
A lecture course in English, with outside reading and written reports.
The course offers to any student an opportunity to become acquainted
with German life, thought, and art in the past and present time. Some
account of the Germans in America will be included.

Pre-requisite: German 25, or History 21 with consent of
the instructor.
M-W-F at i.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.
German 40. Problems of Current German Life and
Thought.

(xvi)

Greek 24 2 hf. Homer: the Odyssey.
Readings from the second Homeric poem; study of its literary influence.

Pre-requisite: Greek i.
M-W-F at 10. MR. KIEFFER.
[Greek 31. Plato; Greek Tragedy.]
Readings from Plato. Study of two representative plays of the tragic
poets, together with the historical development of the Greek theatre.

Pre-requisite: Greek 21.
M-W-F at 9.
Omitted in 1931-32.

Open only to men majoring in German.

[Greek 33. Herodotus; Greek Comedy; Greek Lyric Poets.]

Tuesday at 7: 30 p. m.

PROFESSOR KUEHNEMUND.

In addition to the reading and study of Herodotus, the course will include study of Greek Comedy and Aristophanes and reading of two
representative plays. Reading and study of poets from Tyrtaeus to
Simonides of Ceos, including Archilochus, Sappho, and Anacreon.

GREEK
Greek i. Beginning Greek.

(iv)

Elements of grammar and composition; readings from simple texts.
M-W-F at 11.

Pre-requisite: Greek 21.
T-Th-S at n.
Omitted in 1931-32.

MR. KlEFFER.

Greek 21 4if. Xenophon.

(in)

Reading of the first four books of the ANABASIS.

Pre-requisite: Greek i.
M-W-F at 10.
First half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.

Greek 34 2 hf. History of Greek Tragedy.
A study of the extant Greek tragedies. A study of the development
of the tragic form and of its influence on later literature and on the
modern theatre. NO knowledge of Greek is required.

M-W-F at i.
Second half-year.

MR. KIEFFER.

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Greek 36 2 hf. Greek Cults and Religious Practice.
A study^of the origins and development of the forms, rites, and beliefs
of Greek religion from the earliest times to the establishment of
Christianity.

Open only to Juniors and Seniors with the consent of the
instructor. Will be offered only if there is sufficient
demand.
T-Thati.
Second half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.
[Greek 41 hf. Greek Prose Composition.]
Study of the structure of the language by means of composition in
Greek. Both set exercises for translation and original composition will
be used.
Half-course running throughout the year.

Hours to be arranged.
Omitted in 1931-32.

LATIN
[Latin i. Beginning Latin.]
Elements of grammar and composition; first four books of Caesar's
Gallic Wars.

T-Th-S at 10.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[Latin 11 2 hf. Nepos and Sallust.]
Readings principally from Cornelius Nepos, together with advanced
study of Latin prose composition. General introduction to Roman
civilization.

Pre-requisite: Latin i, or two or three years of high school
Latin.
T-Th-S at ii.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
Latin 12 2 hf. Virgil, y£neid.
Reading of the first six books of the Aeneid.
Study of the literary and historical value of Virgil and the epic as a
poetic form. Collateral study of the literature and history of the
Augustan Age.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

15

Pre-requisite: Latin i, or two or three years of high school
Latin.
T-Th-S at 10.
Second half-year.
MR. KIEFFER.
Latin 13 4if. Cicero, Caesar, and the Historians.

(x)

Selections from Caesar not read in high school, from Cicero's Orations,
. Sallust, and Livy.

Pre-requisite: Latin i, or two years of high school Latin. *
T-Th-S at 10.
MR. KIEFFER.
Latin 15. Roman Law.
Readings principally from the Institutes of Justinian. Study of the
development of legal procedure and the Roman constitution. For
prospective law students.

Pre-requisite: Latin i, or two years of high school Latin.
Hours to be arranged.
MR. KIEFFER.
[Latin 21 Hif. Lyric Poetry of the Golden Age.]
Careful survey of Latin poetry from Ennius to Juvenal, completed with
intensive study of the works of Horace and Catullus in their literary
and historical backgrounds.

Pre-requisite: Latin n and 12, or four years of high school
Latin.
M-W-F at 2.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[Latin 22 2 hf. Silver Latin: Tacitus, Martial, Juvenal.]
M-W-F at 2.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[Latin 23 Mif. Letters of Cicero and Pliny.]
Detailed studies of those aspects of Roman civilization portrayed by
these authors. Collateral readings in English.

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BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Pre-requisite: Latin n and 12, or four years of high school
Latin.
M-W-F at 2.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
[Latin 24 2 hf. Plautus and Terence.]
Reading of a representative play of each; study of the antecedents,
development, and historical influence of the Roman theatre.

M-W-F at 2.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.

Spanish 2. Intermediate Spanish.

17

(n)

Review of basic principles: grammar and composition; conversation;
reading from the works of nineteenth century and contemporary
authors.

Pre-requisite: Spanish i, or two years of high school Spanish.
M-W-F at 9.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.
Spanish 11. Introduction to Spanish Literature.

(iv)

A general view of Spanish literature, illustrated by reading from
representative works of the more important periods. Collateral reading
and reports.

Pre-requisite: Spanish 2, or three years of high school Spanish.
M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

, [Latin 31 hf. Latin Prose Compostion.]

Spanish 13. Spanish Composition and Conversation.

Study of the structure of the language by means of Composition in Latin.
Both set exercises for translation and original composition will be used.
Half-course running throughout the year.

Thursday at 2.
Omitted in 1931-32.

(vi)

A study of Spanish syntax; original compositions; practice in speaking
Spanish. Required of all men majoring in Spanish.

Pre-requisite: Spanish 2, or three years of high school Spanish.
M-W-F at 2.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.
[Spanish 25. Spanish Life and Culture.]

Latin 33. Roman Philosophy and Science.

(xi)

Class study of Lucretius' De rerum natura, Cicero's Tusculan Disputations, Seneca's Moral Essays, with collateral readings in other
philosophical works of Cicero, in Virgil, Manilius, and others.

Pre-requisite: Latin 21, 22, 23, or 24, or four years of high
school Latin passed with grades of B or better.
T-Th-S at ii.
MR. KlEFFER.

(i)

Elements necessary for acquiring the- language: grammar, pronunciation, conversation, reading of simple texts, composition.

M-W-F at 8.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

Not open to Freshmen.
Hours to be arranged.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.
[Spanish 31. Modern Spanish Novel.]

SPANISH
Spanish 1. Elementary Spanish.

A study of the cultural background of Spanish civilization as seen it
the literature, and to some extent in the art and architecture, of the
Spanish people. No knowledge of Spanish required. Lectures, readings, discussions, reports.

A study of the development of the Spanish novel from the nineteenth
century on. Reading of novels from the more important authors; reports
and discussions; individual collateral reading and reports.

Pre-requisite: Spanish n, or four years of high school
Spanish.
M-W-F at 3.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

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BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Economics 35. International Economic Problems.

[Spanish 41. Spanish Drama.]
Lectures on the literary movements affecting the drama. Reading of
representative plays from the Golden Age to the present; discussion;
collateral reading; reports.

Pre-requisite: Spanish n, or four years of high school
Spanish.
M-W-F at 3.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR FITZGERALD.

II. DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
AND PHILOSOPHY
PROFESSORS ALLES (Chairman), HUNTER, KINGSBURY, MCLAREN, STRYKER,
AND WYCKOFF, AND MESSRS. DUNCAN AND RODGERS.

(in)

A study of the economics of living and an analysis of economic laws,

Section A ; M-W-F at 10. PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.
Section B; M-W-F at 10. MR. DUNCAN.
Economics 31. Industrial Problems.

(xi)

This course will consist of discussions, readings, reports, and papers on
assigned topics on selected problems in International Economics including reparations, war debts, international control of raw materials, and
economic imperialism.

Pre-requisite: Economics 21.
T-Th-S at ii.
MR. DUNCAN.
Economics 41. History of Economic Thought.

(iv)

A conference and reading course in economic theory and the major
subjects of economic controversy.

Open only to Seniors majoring in Economics.
M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

GOVERNMENT

ECONOMICS
Economics 21.. General Principles.

19

(ix)

This course will consider problems of industrial relations and the significance of tendencies in the forms of business organization.

Pre-requisite: Economics 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

Government 11. American Government.

(n)

The introductory course required of all students majoring in Government. Origins and development of the American form of government:
federal, state, and local. About two-thirds of the year will be devoted
to the federal government; one-third to state and local government.
Emphasis on present day problems of government, and on the rights,
duties, and responsibilities of citizens. The class will meet as a group
for the lecture on Monday, and will be divided into three sections for
the additional two hours.

M-W-F at 9.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY AND MR. DUNCAN.
Government 21. Governments of Europe.

(ix)

The subject of money, credit, and banking will be studied in its relation
to investment and corporation finance. A survey rather than specialization will be the purpose of this course.

An analysis of the structure and functioning of the governments of the
principal European states, and a comparison with American institutions
and practices. The shift from monarchical to democratic forms; the
rise of autocracies in Italy and Russia, and other recent developments
will be studied.

Pre-requisite: Economics 21.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR WYCKOFF.

Pre-requisite: Government n.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

Economics 32. Financial Problems.

(x)

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Government 23. State and Local Government.
(iv)
A more detailed study of the organization and functioning of state,
municipal, and local governments for the student who may go into public
life in this country. Problems of the electorate, of political parties, of
legislative organization and procedure, and of state and local administration, including the administration of justice, will be studied, with
special reference to the State of Maryland.
Pre-requisite: Government n.
M-W-F at ii.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
Government 31. History of Political Ideas.
(in)
A study of the theories of politics and of government from classical
times to the present day, intended to show the evolution of systematic
political reasoning and the basis of modern political thought. The
ideas of the philosophers on such subjects as political liberty, democracy,
sovereignty, the best form of government, anarchism, socialism, and
problems of international order, will be studied. Open only with the
consent of the instructor to students whose interests and training fit
them for the course.
M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
Government 41 Hif. International Relations.
A survey of the present-day factors affecting international relations:
nationalism, imperialism, exploitation of backward nations, racial minorities, militarism and armaments, tariff wars, etc.
Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government n ; (2) Government 21,
or Government 31, or History 31.
Hours to be arranged.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY AND MR. DUNCAN.
Government 42 2 hf. International Organization.
The development of international cooperation, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes, with particular reference to the work
of the League of Nations and the World Court, and the evolution of a
law of nations.
Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government 11; (2) Government 21, or
Government 31, or History 31 ; (3) Government 41.
Hours to be arranged.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

21

[Government 43 x hf. Political Parties.]
The history, organization, functions, and methods of political parties
particularly in the United States. Topics studied will include nominating
and election methods, the boss, the machine, the spoils system, campaign
methods, and the problems of government by public opinion.
Pre-requisite: ( i ) Government n ; (2) Government 23, or
Government 31.
T-Th-S at 9.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.
[Government 44 2 hf. Constitutional Law.]
A study of the leading cases in American constitutional law illustrating
the evolution of governmental powers and the rights of individuals
under the constitution.
Pre-requisite: (i) Government n ; (2) Government 23, or
Government 31.
T-Th-S at 9.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR KINGSBURY.

HISTORY
History i. Historical Survey.

«

(xx)

An outline of human development, political, economic, religious, intellectual. Intended for students taking but one course in history and as a
pre-requisite for men majoring in history.
Section A; T-Th-S at 9.
Section B; T-Th-S at n.
PROFESSOR STRYKER.
[History 21. Mediaeval European History.]
A course in the foundations of modern Europe and America from the
breakdown of the Roman Empire in the west to the establishment of
the national state.
T-Th-S at II.
Omitted in 1931-32.

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History 23. English History.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

(in)

A survey of English history.
M-W-F at 10.

PROFESSOR HUNTER.
History 25. The History of the United States.

(vi)

M-W-F at 2.
MR. RODGERS.
History 31. Modern European History.

(xx)

An outline of the history of Europe from the emergence of the national
state to the European War of 1914-1918.
Section A ; M-W-F at 8.
Section B ; T-Th-S at 8.

PROFESSOR HUNTER.
[History 32. Constitutional History.]
A study of constitutional development in England and the United States.
A lecture course with required readings and semester reports.
Pre-requisite: History I or History 23 or Government n.
T-Th-S at 10.
Omitted in 1931-32.

[History 34. American Economic History.]
The study of the development of American economic life from the
colonial beginnings to the present. Conducted as a seminar.

Pre-requisite: History 25 or its equivalent.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR HUNTER.
History 42. History of American Life.

(xm)

This course will deal with a selected phase of the history of American
life approached from the point of view of the common man.
Pre-requisite: History 25 or its equivalent.

T from 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR HUNTER.
History 44. American History Since the Civil War.
The rise and development of the modern political system.
Pre-requisite: History 25 or its equivalent.
M-W-F at ii.

MR. RODGERS.

PHILOSOPHY
Philosophy 11 x hf. Logic.

A survey of United States history from colonial times to the present.

(iv)

23

(xi)

The course is chiefly concerned with the study of valid and invalid
forms of reasoning in deductive and inductive logic.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.
T-Th-S at n.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 12 2 hf. Introduction to Philosophy.
The course deals with such problems in philosophy as the origin and
nature of human knowledge; the origin and development of life; the
problem of matter and of mind and their relation; God; freedom; and
immortality.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.
T-Th-S at 11.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 15. Ethics.

(IX)

A study of the moral development of mankind from primitive man to
the present, with special emphasis on such outstanding ethical systems as
Buddhism, Christianity, Greek Ethics (Plato and Aristotle), Stoicism,
Kant, etc.

Open to qualified freshmen after consultation with the
instructor.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
Philosophy 31. History of Philosophy.

(x)

A study of philosophic speculation from the early Greeks to modern
times.
T-Th-S at 10.

PROFESSOR ALLES.

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BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

25

[Philosophy 42 2 hf. Schopenhauer.]

[Philosophy 34 2 hf. Locke; Berkeley; Hume.]
An interpretation of their philosophy based on the reading of their
works.

An interpretation of Schopenhauer's philosophy based on the reading of
THE WORLD AS WILL AND IDEA.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 12 or 31, or the permission of the
instructor.
M-W-F at 3.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 31.
M-W-F at 3.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

Philosophy 35 x hf. History of Religion.

(vi)

A study of the development of religion including primitive religion
(Mana, Fetiches, Magic), Buddhism,.Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Mohammedanism, and Christianity.

M-W-F at 2.
First half-year.

PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology n 1 hf. Introduction to Psychology.

(x, xi)

A survey course intended to develop some insight into the modern
trends in psychology. Outside reading required and emphasized.

Section A; T-Th-S at 10.
Section B; T-Th-S at n.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

Philosophy 36 2 hf. Psychology and Philosophy of Religion.
The course falls into two parts:
1. The Psychology of Religion in which are studied the contributions of
modern psychology toward an understanding of religion and the
different types of religious experience.
2. The Philosophy of Religion which tests the validity of the claim
which religion makes, i. e., it wants to know whether that which
religion claims is true.

Pre-requisite: A half-course in Philosophy or Psychology,
or the permission of the instructor.
M-W-F at 2.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLES.
[Philosophy 41 x hf. Plato.]
An interpretation of Plato's philosophy based on the reading of his
dialogues including the REPUBLIC.

Pre-requisite: Philosophy 31.
M-W-F at 3.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR ALLES.

PROFESSOR MACLAREN.
Psychology 30. Advanced Psychology.

(vm)

Many of the fundamental problems of human behavior will be analyzed
from an objective and naturalistic point of view.

Pre-requisite: One year of a natural science (preferably Biology) or one year of Philosophy (preferably History of
Philosophy).
T-Th-S at 8.
PROFESSOR MACLAREN.
Psychology 31 1 hf. Social Psychology.

(xm)

A course in social behavior, and the contributions of psychology to the
solutions of its problems, rather than a course strictly in the psychology
of social behavior. It will stress the individual's social relations, social
adjustments, and social control.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21 (General Introduction to Psychology, as given up to 1930-31) or one full course in Biology, Economics, or Philosophy or two full courses in
Government.
T-Th from ? to 3.30.
PROFESSOR MACLAREN.

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BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
i

Psychology 32 2 hf. The Nature of Human Nature.
In this course an attempt will be made to discover and explain how
habit patterns are built into the human organism.
Pre-requisite: First half of Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
Second half-year.

PROFESSOR MCLAREN.
[Psychology 34 2 hf. Mental Hygiene and Abnormal Psychology.]
This course will present the common deviations from the normal, but
with the main purpose of pointing out the ways and means of achieving,
preserving, or restoring the normal. It will lay minimum stress on the
morbid, and maximum on those principles which have constructive value
for healthful living.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
T-Th-S at 8.
Second half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.

Laboratory fee, $20.00.
Section A; Recitation, M-F at n.
Laboratory, W-F from i to 4.
PROFESSOR RIDGELY.
Section B; (Pre-medical students).
Recitation, W-F at 2.
Laboratory, T-Th from i to 4.
PROFESSOR BAYLIFF.
Biology 15 2 hf. Field Zoology.
Observation of local animals in their native habitats, both land and
water. Animals collected may be brought to the laboratory for further
study and classification.

Hours to be arranged.
Second Half Year.
PROFESSORS APPEL AND BAYLIFF.

[Psychology 41. Modern Educational Practices.]
This course should be taken by prospective teachers as fundamental
background for future study. The course will aim to set up a sound
concept of the purpose of education in the broadest sense, and then
to discover the best means of achieving the ends of such education.
Particular emphasis will be given to organization, administration,
teaching methods, curriculum contents, and student activities in high
school and college.

Pre-requisite: Psychology 21, or the equivalent.
T-Th from 2 to 3.30.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR MCLAREN.

III. DIVISION OF THE SCIENCES AND
MATHEMATICS
PROFESSORS BERNHARD (Chairman), ALLEN, APPEL, BAYLIFF, BINGLEY,
EASON, McFARLiN, RIDGELY, AND VEDOVA.

BIOLOGY
Biology 11. Beginning Zoology.

27

(xvm)

General principles of animal life, with an introduction to Histology,
Embryology, and Genetics; and a survey of the common groups of animals, with laboratory work on the anatomy and physiology of type forms.
Two hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Biology 19 2 hf. History of the Germ Cells.
A study of the mechanics of the genesis of the germ cells, of fertilization, and of early development prior to organogeny. Two hours of
recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, W-F at 8.
Laboratory, T-Th from i to 4.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.
Biology 20 Hif. Readings in Biology.

(XII)

This course is intended for students who are not majoring in the sciences, but who wish some cultural knowledge of them. It will not be
credited for distribution as a laboratory science. The course will cover
biological literature which is of a general rather than a technical interest. The content of the course will vary from year to year. Two
hours of recitation.

Open only to students who have had no Biology.
T-Th at i.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR RIDGELY.

�28

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Biology 21 1 hf. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates.

(ni)

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

29

Biology 34 2 hf. Genetics.

A history of the highest type of animal structure as revealed throughout
the vertebrate series. An introduction to human biology. Two hours
of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

A study of the principles of heredity and variation. Laboratory work
will consist of experiments in breeding and problems for calculation.
Two hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.

Pre-requisite: One year of college biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, T-Th at 10.
Laboratory, W-F from 9 to 12.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR BAYLIFF.

Biology 22 2 hf. Embryology of the Vertebrates.
A history of the highest type of animal structure as seen in the development of the chick and the pig. An introduction to human biology. Two
hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: One year of college biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR RIDGELY.
Biology 30 ^f. Histology.

(i)

Microscopic study of normal cells and tissues of mammals. Two hours
of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisites: Biology 21 and 22.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, M-W-F at 8.20.
Laboratory, M-W from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.
Biology 33 2 hf. Microscopical Technique.
Training in laboratory methods, making microscope slides especially.
Register only with consent of instructor. Two hours of recitation and
six hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Biology 30.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, T-Th at 8.
Laboratory, M-W from i to 4.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.

Biology 36 2 hf. Physiology.
An introduction to the mechanics of living matter, as evident from
experiments. Two hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college work in Biology, Chemistry,
and Physics.
Laboratory Fee, $10.00.
Hours to be arranged.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR APPEL.
[Biology 37 Hif. Parasitology.]
A study of parasitic organisms as related to medicine and daily life
This course alternates in successive years with Biology 38 *hf. Two
hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, T-Th at 10.
Laboratory, W-F from 9 to 12.
First half-year.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR BAYLIFF.
Biology 38 4if. Invertebrate Zoology.

(x)

A survey of the invertebrate animals, their morphology, physiology,
and embryology. Special attention to forms transitional among the
phyla. This course alternates in successive years with Biology 37'hf.
Two hours of recitation and six hours of laboratory.

�r
30

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Pre-requisite: One year of college Biology.
Laboratory fee, $10.00.
Recitation, T-Th at 10.
Laboratory, W-F from 9 to 12.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR BAYLIFF.

Chemistry 21 x hf. Qualitative Analysis.

CHEMISTRY
Chemistry i. General Chemistry.

(ill)

An introductory course in which phenomena of chemistry and the
underlying principles are studied. Lectures are given with experiments
on the elements and their compounds. This is a cultural course intended
for students who will not take their major in the sciences. Two hours
of lectures, one hour of recitation, and four hours of laboratory. An
extra hour will be required of all students having difficulties with the
course.

Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Section A; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 10 to 12.
Section B; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Make-up for both sections, M at i.
PROFESSORS ALLEN AND MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 2. General Chemistry for Science Students.
(in)
A more comprehensive course in General Chemistry; the same course
as Chemistry i with the exception that a one hour lecture replaces the
one hour of recitation on Friday. The lectures and laboratory work
will include topics which are in part introductory to Qualitative Analysis. Three hours of lectures and four hours of laboratory. Required
of all students majoring in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. An
extra hour will be required of all students having difficulties with the
course. Students who at the beginning of their Sophomore year choose
a Science as their major and have taken Chemistry i must take the
one hour lecture given in Chemistry 2 on Friday.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Section A; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.

Laboratory, T-Th from 10 to 12.
Section B; Recitation, M-W-F at 10.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Make-up for both sections, M at i.
PROFESSORS BERN HARD, ALLEN, AND MCFARLIN.

31

(i)

The aim of this course is to give to the student a thorough grounding
in the principles involved in the detection of unknown substances. In
the lectures and recitations special emphasis is given to the theoretical
foundations of analytical chemistry. The laboratory work is devoted to
the qualitative analysis of "unknowns" and to the separation and
identification of the metals and acid radicals usually met with in Inorganic Chemistry. Two hours of lectures and recitations and six hours
of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 2 and Mathematics 11.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 22 2 hf. Quantitative Analysis, Part I.
The theory of volumetric and gravimetric analysis. Exercises in
acidimetry and alkalimetry, and gravimetric determination of simple
compounds. One hour lecture and eight hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M at i.
Laboratory, M from 2 to 4. W-F from i to 4.
Second half-year.
PROFESSORS ALLEN AND MCFARLIN.
Chemistry 31 x hf. Quantitative Analysis, Part II.

(vin)

Continuation of Part I, including volumetric and gravimetric methods
for the determination of salts, minerals, and alloys. One hour lecture
and eight hours of laboratory.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 22.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, Th at 8.
Laboratory, M from 2 to 4; W-F from i to 4.
First half-year.
PROFESSORS ALLEN AND MCFARLIN.

�32

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Chemistry 32 2 hf. Physical Chemistry, Part I.
Substances in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states; the structure of
matter; energy changes; chemical equilibria; and substances in dilute
solution form the basis of study. The laboratory work includes determinations of molecular weights, measurements of physical properties,
etc. Three hours of lectures and four hours of laboratory.

Chemistry 33. Organic Chemistry.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 33.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Recitation, T-Th at 8.
Laboratory, T-Th from 9 to 12.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.
Chemistry 43 4if. Physical Chemistry, Part II.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21 and Mathematics 21.
Laboratory fee, $15.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W i to 5.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN.

33

(IV)

The topics treated include electrochemistry, theory of strong electrolytes, colloid chemistry, and photochemistry. Three hours of lectures
and recitations with reports on assigned reading in the original literature.
Pre-requisite:
German.
(iv)

An introductory course in the chemistry of carbon compounds. The
lectures and laboratory are designed to give a fundamental knowledge
of the representative compounds and their reactions in the aliphatic
and aromatic series. Two hours of lectures and recitation and six hours
of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Chemistry I or 2.
Laboratory fee, $25.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W at n.
Laboratory, T-Th from I to 4.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.

Chemistry 32; ability to read French and

M-W-F at ii.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR ALLEN.

MATHEMATICS
Mathematics i x hf. Algebra.

(i)

This course is required of students who have failed to present sufficient algebra for admission. The subject matter of secondary school
algebra through the solution of quadratic equations is thoroughly
reviewed. No credit toward the degree.

M-W-F at 8.
First half-year.

Chemistry 41 x hf. History of Chemistry.

(in)

A seminar course. Two hours a week.

PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics 2 2 hf. Plane Geometry.

Pre-requisite: Chemistry 21 and 33.

This course is required of all students who have not offered Plane
Geometry for admission. No credit toward the degree.

M-W at 10.
First half-year.

M-W-F at 8.
PROFESSOR BERNHARD.

Second half-year.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.

Chemistry 42. Advanced Organic Chemistry.

(vin)

Selected topics of Organic Chemistry are discussed in greater detail.
Readings in the original literature are assigned. The laboratory work
in the first half-year includes Quantitative Organic Analysis and the
preparation of organic compounds. During the second half-year students
majoring in chemistry are expected to concentrate on some small research problem. Two hours of lectures and six hours of laboratory.

Mathematics 11. Introduction to Mathematical Analysis.
(xix)
This course aims to give a survey of Trigonometry, College Algebra,
Analytic Geometry, and an introduction to the fundamental concepts
of the Calculus. The two-fold purpose of mathematical study is
emphasized: to enable the student to use mathematical processes as a
tool in his scientific studies, and to enable him to recognize the cultural
value of rigorous thinking.

�34

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
Section A ; M-W-F at 9. PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Section B; T-Th-S at 9. PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Section C; T-Th-S at n. PROFESSOR BINGLEY.

Mathematics 21. Analytic Geometry and the Calculus.
(in)
Plane Analytic Geometry, the straight line, circle, parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola, with a short introduction to Analytic Geometry of three
dimensions.
Methods of differentiation, series, indeterminate forms, etc., with the
simpler applications to mechanics and the higher plane curves. Formulas
of integration, with applications to the determination of length, areas,
volumes, centers of gravity, pressures, and moments of inertia.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics n.
M-W-F at 10.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Mathematics 25 Hif. The Mathematics of Finance.
(iv)
Derivation and application of general formulas for the value of single
sums of money, annuities certain, life annuities, and life insurance.
M-W-F at 11.
First half-year.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Mathematics 26 2 hf. Statistical Methods.
A study of the classical and recent statistical methods.
M-W-F at II.
Second half-year.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Mathematics 31. Mathematical Analysis, Part I.
(ix)
An advanced course in the Calculus with an introduction to Differential
Geometry. The applications of mathematical analysis to the physical
sciences are stressed.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at 9.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics 33. Higher Algebra.
(xi)
In this course such topics as matrices, linear transformations, forms,
etc., are studied with a view to preparing the student for further work
in pure mathematics.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at ii.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

35

Mathematics 35. The Elements of Mechanics.
(x)
The principles of statics and dynamics, with applications to particles
and rigid bodies.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 21.
T-Th-S at 10.
PROFESSOR BINGLEY.
Mathematics 41. Mathematical Analysis, Part II.
(vm)
A continuation of Mathematics 31 with an introduction to differential
equations and functions of a complex variable. The partial differential
equations of physics are studied.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 31.
T-Th-S at 8.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics 43. Introduction to Modern Geometry.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics 33.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.
Mathematics 45. Differential Equations.
Intended primarily for the student of physics or engineering, this
course emphasizes applications to geometry and physics and aims to
equip the student with some of the means used for the ready solution
of the commoner types of equations, rather than to impart to him any
extensive knowledge of the underlying theory.
Hours to be arranged.
PROFESSOR VEDOVA.

PHYSICS
Physics 21. Elements of Physics.
(vm)
This course covers the elements of Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, Sound, and Light. It is designed to give the student an acquaintance with, and an explanation of, the natural phenomena which
envelop his daily life. Three hours of recitation and four hours of
laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Mathematics n.
Laboratory fee, $20.00 and breakage.
Section A; Recitation, T-Th-S at 8.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Section B; Recitation, T-Th-S at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR EASON.

�36

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Physics 31. Electricity and Magnetism.

(i)

Beginning with the fundamental ideas underlying Electrical Science,
this course explains how such principles may be applied in industry,
the arts, and to the problems of everyday life. Three hours of recitation
and four hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Physics 21 and Mathematics 21.
Mathematics 21 may be taken concurrently.
Laboratory fee, $20.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from 10 to 12.
PROFESSOR EASON.
[Physics 41. Physical Optics.]
This course deals with the subject of light very thoroughly, both from
the physical and mathematical points of view and terminates with a
short study of the Theory of Relativity. The student must realize that
the subject of light is a broad one and requires thorough preparation
in Mathematics and Chemistry. He will be expected to read much
from the available literature and to do considerable laboratory work.
Pre-requisite: Physics 21; Mathematics 31; Chemistry 2.
Laboratory fee, $20.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 9.
Laboratory, T-Th from 2 to 4.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR EASON.
[Physics 42. Theory of Heat.]
An attempt is made to acquaint the student with the modern theory
regarding the nature of heat and its practical application. The course
will be carried on both by text-book readings and lectures. Much
parallel reading will be assigned throughout the year and extensive
laboratory work done.
Pre-requisite: Physics 21 ; Mathematics 31 ; Chemistry 2.
Laboratory fee, $20.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 8.
Laboratory, W-F from 2 to 4.
Omitted in 1931-32.
PROFESSOR EASON.

37

(n)

Physics 43. Electricity.

This is an advanced course in Electricity. The treatment is largely
mathematical supplemented with appropriate laboratory experiments.
The historical development of the subject is followed closely. Some
account of positive ray analysis, isotopes, and the modern theory of
the atom is included. The latter part of the course is devoted to the
study of the theory and practice of wireless telegraphy and telephony.
Three hours of recitation and four hours of laboratory.
Pre-requisite: Physics 31; Mathematics 21. It is strongly
advised that Mathematics 31 be taken concurrently.
Laboratory fee, $20.00 and breakage.
Recitation, M-W-F at 9.
Laboratory, W-F from 2 to 4.
PROFESSOR EASON.

Hygiene i. General Principles of Hygiene.
Lectures on the science of health. Biology; the supply of oxygen and
the elimination of carbon dioxide; food and the digestion of foods; heat
regulation of the body; removal of waste material from the body;
physical exercise; the nervous system; mental hygiene; diseases in
general; particular diseases.
One lecture each week from October 5 to December 7.
Required of all freshmen.

M at 4.
DR. MURPHY.

Physical Training i.
Three hours a week required of all freshmen. A thorough physical
examination by the College Physician is required of all entering men.
All men competing for freshman teams are excused from taking regular
class work while reporting regularly for any varsity sports. Required
physical training consists of outdoor competitive games in the fall;
apparatus work, hand ball, indoor baseball, cage ball, basketball, and
other competitive sports in the winter; with outdoor competitive sports
again in the spring.
Section A ; M-W-F at 3.
Section B; M-W-F at 4.
MR. NOVAK.

�38

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

Physical Training 2.
Advanced course in Physical Training. Two years of Physical Training
are required of all students. Students who fail to fulfill the requirements
in Physical Training will not be allowed to graduate.

Open only to those men who have passed satisfactorily in
Physical Training I.
T-Th from 3 to 4.30.
MR. NOVAK.

REQUIREMENTS FOR MAJORS
Biology.
Four full courses or their equivalent in Biology, including
Biology ii (Beginning Zoology), Biology 21 Mif (Comparative
Anatomy of Vertebrates) and Biology 22 2 hf (Embryology of
Vertebrates) ;
Two courses in Chemistry: Chemistry 2 (Comprehensive General Chemistry) and Chemistry 33 (Organic Chemistry) ;
The language requirements are two years of college French and
two years of college German or their equivalent.
Chemistry.
Chemistry 2 (Comprehensive General Chemistry) ;
Chemistry 21 Mif (Qualitative Analysis) ;
Chemistry 22 2hf (Quantitative Analysis, Part I ) ;
Chemistry 31 J hf (Quantitative Analysis, Part II) ;
Chemistry 32 2hf (Physical Chemistry, Part I) ;
Chemistry 33 (Organic Chemistry) ;
Chemistry 42 (Advanced Organic Chemistry) ;
Physics 21 (Elements of Physics) ;
The language requirements are two years of college French and
two years of college German or their equivalent. It is strongly
urged that the German requirement be fulfilled before the end
of the Junior year.
NOTE.—Mathematics n (Introduction to Mathematical Analysis) is a
pre-requisite for Chemistry 21. Mathematics 21 (Analytic Geometry and
the Calculus) is a pre-requisite for Chemistry 32.

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

39

Classics.
Three full courses (or their equivalent) in Latin, above Latin i.
Two full courses (or their equivalent) in Greek, above Greek i.
A full course (or its equivalent) in Ancient History.
Two electives selected with the approval of the adviser.
Economics.
Economics 21 (General Principles of Economics) ;
Economics 31 (Industrial Problems) ;
Economics 32 (Financial Problems) ;
Economics 41 (-History of Economic Thought) ;
Mathematics 26 2hf (Statistics) ;
Psychology 21 (General Psychology) ;
Government n (American Government).
English.
English 21 (Survey of English Literature) ;
English 41 (Chaucer) ;
History 23 (English History) ;
Three other full courses in the department of English, exclusive of English i.
By their Junior year, students who major in English must have
a reading knowledge of two foreign languages one of which
shall be either French or German.
At the end of the Senior year, they will be required to take a
comprehensive written examination covering the entire field
of English literature. Papers will be set in the History of
English Literature, and in the appreciation of literature. Some
works and tendencies of modern foreign literature will be
included in the latter paper, and some of the questions will be
set in French and German.
French.
See Romance Languages.

�40

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

German.
Four full courses in German beyond German 10 (Intermediate
German), including German 40 (Problems of Current German Life and Thought).
History 21 (Mediaeval European History) and History 31
(Modern European History) or its equivalent.
NOTE.—German 21 (Scientific German) does not count toward the major.

Government.
Government 11 (American Government) ;
Government 31 (History of Political Ideas) or Philosophy 31
(History of Philosophy) ;
Government 21 (Governments of Europe) or Government 23
(State and Local Government) ;
Government 41 x hf (International Relations) and Government
42 2 hf (International Organization) or Government 43 *hf.
(Political Parties) and Government 44 2 hf. (Constitutional
Law) ;
Economics 21 (General Principles of Economics) or History 23
(English History) or History 21 (Mediaeval European
History) :
Psychology 21 (General Psychology) or Biology 11 (Beginning
Zoology).
History.
History i (Historical Survey) ;
History 21 (Mediaeval European History) or History 23 (English History) ;
History 31 (Modern European History) ;
History 25 (The History of the United States) or Government
11 (American Government) ;
Economics 21 (General Principles of Economics) or Biology 11
(Beginning Zoology) or Psychology 21 (General Psychology) ;
English 21 (Survey of English Literature) or Art 21 (Introduction to Art) or Philosophy 31 (History of Philosophy).
Mathematics.
Mathematics 11 (Introduction to Mathematical Analysis) ;
Mathematics 21 (Analytical Geometry and the Calculus) ;
Mathematics 31 (Mathematical Analysis, Part I) ;

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

41

Mathematics 35 (The Elements of Mechanics) ;
Mathematics 41 (Mathematical Analysis, Part II) ;
Physics 21 (Elements of Physics).
Or:
Mathematics 11 (Introduction to Mathematical Analysis);
Mathematics 21 (Analytical Geometry and the Calculus) ;
Mathematics 33 (Higher Algebra) ;
Mathematics 35 (The Elements of Mechanics) ;
Mathematics 43 (Introduction to Modern Geometry) ;
Physics 21 (Elements of Physics).
A reading knowledge of French or German is advised.
Philosophy.
Philosophy n x hf (Logic);
Philosophy 15 (Ethics) ;
Philosophy 31 (History of Philosophy) ;
Philosophy 34 2 hf (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) ;
Philosophy 35 1hf (History of Religion) ;
Philosophy 36 2 hf (Psychology and Philosophy of Religion) ;
Philosophy 41 x hf (Plato) ;
Philosophy 42 2 hf (Schopenhauer) ;
One full course or its equivalent in Psychology or in History.
Physics.
Physics 21 (Elements of Physics) ;
Physics 31 (Electricity and Magnetism) ;
Physics 41 (Physical Optics) ;
Physics 42 (Theory of Heat) or Physics 43 (Electricity) ;
Mathematics 21 (Analytical Geometry and the Calculus) ;
Chemistry 2 (Comprehensive General Chemistry).
Reading knowledge of French and German.
Pre-Medical Sciences.
Two full courses in Biology: Biology n (Beginning Zoology),
Biology 21 x hf (Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates), Biology 22 2hf (Embryology of Vertebrates) ;
Two full courses in Chemistry: Chemistry 2 (Comprehensive
General Chemistry), Chemistry 33 (Organic Chemistry);
One full course in Physics: Physics 21 (Elements of Physics).
NOTE.—Mathematics n (Introduction to Mathematical Analysis) is prerequisite to Physics 21.

�42

Room Assignments, 1931-32

BULLETIN OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE

One full course in English, which must be actually taken in
college.
In addition to the six courses of the major two full courses or
their equivalent in college German and two full courses in
college French.
Additional courses advised: Chemistry 21 (Qualitative Analysis), Chemistry 22 (Quantitative Analysis), Chemistry 32
2 hf (Physical Chemistry, Part I) ;
(Note pre-requisites.)
Biology 30 (Histology) ;
Enough German and French to satisfy proficiently examinations
in the medical school, that is, " a reading knowledge " of scientific material.
Psychology.
Three full courses or the equivalent in Psychology ;
Philosophy n Hif (Logic) ;
Philosophy 12 2hf (Introduction to Philosophy) ;
A full course in Philosophy in addition to the two half-courses
mentioned above;
Biology ii (Beginning Zoology).
Romance Languages.
Four full courses in one Romance Language above French 2 or
Spanish 2 (Intermediate courses). One of these four must
be a course in composition and conversation.
In addition, two full courses in another Romance Language.
Social Sciences.
One course in each Department. The courses prescribed are:
Economics 21 (General Principles) ;
Government n (American Government) ;
History i (Historical Survey) ;
Philosophy 31 (History of Philosophy) ;
Psychology 21 (General Introduction to Psychology).
Three additional courses in the Social Sciences. These three
courses must be distributed over three Departments and must
have the approval of the Departments concerned.
Spanish.
See Romance Languages.

Course

Art 21
Art 32
Art 41

Room

McDowell 24
McDowell 24
BordleyRandall
House

Course
Government 11 (Monday)

Room
. Chemistry

Lecture
Room
Section A
.McDowell 32
Section B
. McDowell
Biology 11, Section A ...
Section C
. McDowell
Section B
,
Government 21
McDowell 32
Biology 20 'hf
I Biology
.Government 23
McDowell 32
Biology 21 *hf
f Building
Government 31
McDowell 36
Government 41 'hf
McDowell
Biology 30 'hf
Greek 1
McDowell 21
Biology 38 'hf
Greek 21 'hf
:
Instructor's
Chemistry 1, Section A ..
Office
Section B ..
Greek 23 'hf
McDowell 35
Chemistry 2, .Section A ..
History 1, Section A
McDowell 34
Section B . . . . I Chemistry
Section B
McDowell 34
Chemistry 21 *hf
I Lecture
Chemistry 31 *hf
Room and
History 23
'... .McDowell 31
McDowell 23
Chemistry 33
Laboratories History 25
Chemistry 41 *hf
History 31, Section A
McDowell 23
Section B
McDowell 23
Chemistry 42
History 42
McDowell 23
Chemistry 43'hf
.
McDowell 23
Economics 21, Section A
McDowell 33 History 44
Chemistry
Section B
McDowell 21 Hygiene 1
Economics 31
McDowell 33
Lecture
. Economics 32
McDowell 33
Room
Economics 35
McDowell 24 Latin 13 'hf
McDowell 21
Economics 41
McDowell 24 Latin 15
McDowell
English 1, Section A
McDowell 36 Latin 33
McDowell 21
Section B
McDowell 36 Mathematics 1 'hf
McDowell 36
Section C
McDowell 22 Mathematics 11, Section A ...McDowell 36
Section D
McDowell 22
Section B ...McDowell 31
• Section E
McDowell 22
Section C ...McDowell 31
English 21
• . McDowell 23 Mathematics 21
McDowell 34
English 23
McDowell 32 Mathematics 25 'hf
McDowell 34
English 32
McDowell 32 Mathematics 31
McDowell 21
English 35
McDowell
Mathematics 33
McDowell 36
English 41
McDowell 36 Mathematics 35
McDowell 34
English 45
McDowell 32 Mathematics 41
McDowell 21
English 49
McDowell
Mathematics 43
McDowell
English 50 hf
McDowell
McDowell
French 1
McDowell 35 Mathematics 45
McDowell 23
French 2, Section A
McDowell 35 Philosophy 11 'hf
McDowell 23
Section B
McDowell 35 Philosophy 15
McDowell 23
French 11
McDowell 22 Philosophy 31
McDowell 24
French 13
McDowell 22 Philosophy 35 'hf
, Physics LeeFrench 15 'hf
McDowell 22 Physics 21, Section A
Section B
I ture Room
French 21
f and LaboFrench 41
McDowell 22 Physics 31
J ratories
German 1, Section A
McDowell 31 Physics 43
Section B
McDowell 31 Psychology 11'hf, Section A..McDowell 35
Section B..McDowell 35
German 10, Section A
McDowell 21
McDowell 35
Section B
McDowell 31 Psychology 30
McDowell 24
German 20
McDowell 21 Psychology 31 'hf
-... McDowell 33
German 21
McDowell 31 Spanish 1
McDowell 33
German 25
McDowell 21 Spanish 2
Spanish 11
McDowell 33
German 40
Instructor's
Spanish 13
McDowell 33
Study
NOTE : Courses bearing the announcement " Hours to be arranged " will meet at times
and places designated by the instructor in consultation with the Dean.

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                    <text>THE NEW P R O G R A M
at

ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE
IN ANNAPOLIS
Supplement to the Bulletin

ANNAPOLIS,
JULY,
Founded as King William's School, 1696

M A R Y L A N D
1 9 3 7
Chartered as St. John's College, 1784

�Staff of the New Program, 1937-1938
STRINGFELLOW BARR, President and Fellow of St. John's
College
B. A. and M. A., University of Virginia
M. A. Oxon.
Formerly
Professor of History at the University of Virginia.
Editor of the Virginia Quarterly Review.
Member of the Committee on the Liberal Arts at the University of
Chicago.

SCOTT BUCHANAN, Dean and Fellow of St. John's College
B. A., Amherst College
Ph. D., Harvard University
Formerly
Assistant Director of the People's Institute of New York.
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia.
Chairman of the Committee on the Liberal Arts at the University of
Chicago.

OWEN E. HOLLOWAY, Tutor of St. John's College
M. A. and J3. Lt'rr., Oxon.
Formerly
Procter Visiting Fellow at Princeton University.
Assistant Lecturer at the Royal University of Egypt.

R. CATESBY TALIAFERRO, Tutor of St. John's College
B. A. and Ph. D., University of Virginia
Formerly
Student at the University of Lyons and the Sorbonne, Paris.
Member of the Committee on the Liberal Arts at the University of
Chicago.

CHARLES GLENN WALLIS, Tutor of St. John's College
B. A., University of Virginia
Formerly
Member pf the Committee on the Liberal Arts at the University of
Chicago.

Appointments of Fellows in Mathematics and Laboratory
Science will be announced in the near future.

�SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

Foreword
by
STRINGFELLOW BARR
President of St. John's College
The pamphlet in the reader's hand gives an account of the
New Program of study at St. John's, written at my request by
the new Dean of St. John's, Dr. Scott Buchanan. The New
Program is not a college "course," in the ordinary sense. Nor
is it a collection of such "courses," either "elective" or "required." It is elective only in the sense that a student, having
first elected to come to St. John's rather than go to some other
college, may next elect to take either the New Program or the old
one. The New Program is a complete and integrated four-year
curriculum. Having chosen it, the student will be required to
take it in its entirety. Because it is comprehensive and general,
it affords ample scope for individual interests and individual
capacities. Like the old, the New Program leads to the degree
of Bachelor of Arts. It will be open to freshmen who enter
St. John's in September, 1937, or in later years. It is not open
to those undergraduates who have already completed a year or
more at St. John's, or at some other college, except in the rare
cases where such undergraduates prefer—and this is already happening—to enter the New Program as freshmen. Students who
desire to enter St. John's in 1937, but who do not wish to
follow the New Program are free to follow the usual curriculum
as outlined in the most recent College catalogue.
The New Program has been so constructed as to give a young
man a sound education and the capacity to think clearly and act
wisely, things which he and his parents have a right to demand
of a college, things which parents have of recent years found it
harder and harder to secure for their sons. The requirements
for the B.A. degree under the New Program are given in detail
in Dr. Buchanan's statement. These requirements more than
meet the demands of graduate schools in this country and of
universities abroad. Students will find in the New Program the

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5

basic training with which they may enter and successfully pursue
study in law schools, medical schools, engineering, theology,
schools of business administration, library schools, schools of
education, schools of journalism, post-graduate work in universities, or with which they can enter directly the fields of business,
of social, and of public service.
Dean Buchanan's statement is a supplement to the regular
College catalogue, which can be secured on request. The regular
catalogue of St. John's College deals with some of its many,
and important, advantages, with its local tradition, with such
practical matters as hours, courses, and the cost of tuition. This
Supplement deals with a more important matter: why a young
man should desire an education at all. It is not written in the
language of an ordinary catalogue. It was not written in that
language because that language is not suited to the discussion
of the ends and means of liberal education. It warrants the
careful study of prospective students and their parents if only
because the subject of which it treats is of paramount importance
to them, regardless of what individual college they may choose.
I believe I am already familiar with the objections which
various readers will raise: that the New Program is suitable
only for unusually well prepared boys, or only for rich boys
who do not have to earn their living later, that it does not provide professional training, that it is not suited to twentiethcentury America, that it is too conservative or even reactionary,
that it leaves out the reader's pet "subject" or even his pet classic,
that the student should follow his own "interests," or that he
cannot "do" mathematics, and so on. There are completely
convincing answers to all these objections, answers based on
hard teaching experience. Obviously, there is not sufficient space
here to make such answers instructive. Dr. Buchanan's statement itself can do no more than indicate what those answers
must be.
The College authorities will be glad to answer enquiries concerning the New Program, or concerning the old. They will be
glad to arrange interviews with applicants or their parents. Requests for interviews should be addressed to "The President,
St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland" (Telephone: Annapolis 538).

�SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

The New Program at St. John's
By SCOTT BUCHANAN
Dean of St. John's College
The Aims of Liberal Education
Two or three generations ago, when the aims of liberal education were still adequately implemented in curricula which had
the sanction of both learned and popular opinion, it would
have been unnecessary to discuss the aims in a college catalogue.
Statements concerning aims would have appeared, and did appear, in the original charter of the college.
Whereas, Institutions for the liberal education of
youth in the principles of virtue, knowledge and useful literature are of the highest benefit to society, in
order to train up and perpetuate a succession of able
and honest men for discharging the various offices and
duties of life, both civil and religious, with usefulness and reputation, and such institutions of learning
have accordingly been promoted and encouraged by
the wisest and best regulated States: Be it enacted,
etc.
This was the elegant style and certain manner of the founders of St. John's College in 1784, as indeed it was for the
founders of King William's School in 1696. They could be
thus brief and concise, and their words stood safe and secure
in the steady faith they and their readers had in the nature of
things and of man.
We begin with a looser style and an uncertain manner, and
it takes many more words to come to the point. In order to state
our purpose we start with words from a writer, a scientific writer, of the nineteenth century: Education is the adaptation of the
human animal to his environment. We note the play of the
child and the restless activity of the adolescent in order to dis-

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cern the thread that we wish to follow on to the end. Somewhere along this thread we must pass from the merely physical
aspects of the environment to the living aspects, and finally to
those things that minister to intellect and spirit. In the process
of adaptation play and activity must make their contribution to
work and thought. Human animals must feed themselves, sense
the world they live in, and move about; in these things they are
like other animals. But they must also imagine, speculate, and
practise the arts. These involve man, the rational animal.
We in this country have of necessity been concerned chiefly
with our competence and adaptation in the useful arts, and in
this we do not necessarily go astray. It is by taking the useful
arts seriously that we discover the liberal arts. In the pursuit
of our vital ends we find that imagination, scientific reason,
speculation, and observation play an indispensable part, but we
also increasingly realize these are special activities with special
ends that must be pursued for their own sakes if our more immediate ends are to be gained. There must be appreciation,
understanding, and knowledge of the truth even for the sake
of our everyday needs. Crucial events in the twentieth century
make it unnecessary to argue this point.
The arts of apprehending, understanding, and knowing the
truth are the liberal arts, and they set their own ends. They
are also the arts of the freeman who sets his own immediate
ends in the light of the more general good. It is only by the
practice of the liberal arts that the human animal becomes a
free man. It is only by discipline in these arts that spiritual,
moral, and civil liberties can be achieved and preserved. It is in
such obvious propositions as these that the founding fathers of
1784 and 1789 gave reasons for the institutions that they set
up. It is embarrassing to admit that they are not always familiar and obvious to us.
It will be an important part of the instruction at St. John's
College to keep this part of our past alive in the minds of the
students, but it is even more important that we implement the

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ends which the propositions celebrate and seek the virtues which
they dictate. Ultimately the ends of liberal education are the
intellectual virtues, the development of the capacities from which
they come, and the integration of the characters to which they
contribute*
Tradition
The most powerful controlling factor in any human environment is tradition, and any system of education that tries to
ignore or escape the tradition within which it operates is bound
to fail and destroy itself. The latent dangers in traditions become actual only when they are ignored and evaded. Conscious
suppression or artificial construction of a tradition leads only
to cultural monstrosity. Eternal vigilance within a tradition is
the price of liberty.
But there are many traditions: local traditions, family traditions, even personal day-to-day traditions; professional traditions, scientific and literary traditions, political traditions like
monarchy and democracy. These provide the mediums in which
the individual lives and moves, moral supports for his purposes,
and ways for his imagination and thought to travel. Fallen
into decay and disrepute, tradition reaches out a dead hand and
stops the individual in his tracks. Traditions live in the individual minds and spirits; individuals find their vital fulfillments in living traditions.
It is the purpose of the new program at St. John's College
to recover the great liberal tradition of Europe and America,
which for a period of two thousand years has kept watch over
and guided all the other Occidental traditions. All liberal colleges ought to be devoted servants of this great tradition, and
this is the secret of their tenacious attempts to discharge their
functions against many odds.
The tangible and eminently available embodiments and
tools of this great tradition are the classics and the liberal arts.

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The Classics
For a long period of European history the ancient languages
and mathematics provided the educational mediums of this
tradition. They were called the classics. In the last generation
it has been known that they were no longer effective carriers.
Our educational system has responded by dropping them. But
we have not been successful in finding the proper substitutes,
tangible, available, movable objects whose obvious properties
will enable teachers to move, lead, and discipline students in the
liberal arts. Failure at this point is fundamental failure, and
compensations in other directions no matter how good in themselves, no matter how various and interesting they may prove
to be to the mass of students, are unfaithful to the imperative
need of genuine liberal education.
The first step in correction and recovery is admission of
failure, and the second step must be research, in the literal sense
of retracing the steps in the tradition back to the point where
the thread was lost. We, the members of the present administration and staff of St. John's College, have been engaged in
this research for the last decade. By following the traces we
have found the steps in the great books of the European intellectual tradition. They not only throw light on what has happened to the liberal heritage, but they are themselves the mediums in which it can be revived and carried on in the liberal
college. In short the great books of European thought are the
classics, and in this sense liberal education should still be
classical.
It may be well in this place to state the criteria of a classic,
the standards by which a given book can be judged to be or
not to be a classic. To begin with the apparently trivial, a great
book is one that has been read by the largest number of persons. To followers of the publishers' announcements of best
sellers this criterion may seem unworthy. Over the entire period
of European history, Plato, Euclid, the Bible, and Shakespeare
are the best examples: barring historical accidents, such as the
burning of the library at Alexandria, the judgment stands. The

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second criterion is also apparently numerical: a great book has
the largest number of possible interpretations. This does not
mean that the book must be confusingly ambiguous; it rather
refers to the inexhaustibility of its significance, each interpretation possessing a clarity and force that will allow other interpretations to stand by its side without confusion. Dante's
Divine Comedy and Newton's Principia are the telling examples
under this standard. The third criterion is more important and
harder to determine: a great book should raise the persistent
unanswerable questions about the great themes in European
thought. Questions concerning number and measurement, matter and form, ultimate substance, tragedy, and God open up
mysteries for the human mind. These questions are met and
evaded regularly by self-styled practical men; faced and explored, they induce, balance, and maintain the intellectual virtues, and on their constant cultivation hang the issues of orthodoxy, heresy, and freedom which are always with us. The
fourth criterion is that a great book must be a work of fine art;
it must have an immediate intelligibility and style which will
excite and discipline the ordinary mind by its form alone.
Fifthly, a great book must be a masterpiece of the liberal arts.
Its author must be a master of the arts of thought and imagination whose work has been faithful to the ends of these arts,
the understanding and exposition of the truth. These five are
the tests which a book must pass if it is to belong to any contemporary list of the classics.

telligible to both professor and student become approachable
and conquerable if the proper path through other books is followed. Finally the educative value and power of any given
book increases at a very high ratio as other books are read.
Consider Euclid and Newton, Sophocles and Freud, Plato and
Kant, Hegel and Marx, Locke and the American Constitution.
This is an overwhelming answer to inevitable doubts whether
the modern college student has capacities equal to the task of
reading which the St. John's program sets. It is also internal
evidence from the books themselves that they are the best instruments of education. Current textbooks in special subjectmatters do not belong to the classics; they are the best examples
we can find of books that are detached from the tradition and
therefore doomed to early death.

10

But such a list makes a chronological series with an order
that imposes additional powers on each book. Each book was
written after and in the light of previous books; each book was
written before other books which it has influenced. Each master has stood on the shoulders of another master and has had
later masters as his students. These influences, which are historically vague in some cases, are impressive in the books themselves. Each is something more than itself in its organic place
in the series, and this has many implications. One cannot internally understand a given book until he has read its predecessors and also its successors. It turns out that the best commentary on a great book is another great book. Books now unin-

11

Several models and a great deal of teaching and reading have
gone into the compilation of the list. There is the experience
with the American Expeditionary Force University at Beaune
at the end of the War, there is the experience with honors
courses at Columbia University during the twenties, there is
the experience with adult reading courses in connection with
the People's Institute and the New York Public Libraries, there
is the experience with undergraduates, graduates, and high
school students at the University of Chicago, there is the experience with Litterae Humaniores at Oxford, there is experience
in the Benedictine monasteries from the sixth century on. But
the best model that we have is the Bible, a series of books so
selected and ordered that they have become the Scriptures of the
whole race. This is the most read book in our list, and its inspiration has spread backward and forward through all the classics.
It should be added that any limited list of the classics must
always remain open to revision. There is no better way of
revising it than its continuous use in teaching in a college. The
"best hundred books" is a variable for collecting the values that
satisfy its criteria. That is the minimum way of describing
the scholarly task that is laid on the teaching faculty.

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A LIST OF GREAT BOOKS
In Chronological Order
Homer: Iliad'and Odyssey
^Eschylus: Oresteia
Herodotus: History
Sophocles: CEdipus Rex
Hippocrates: Selections
Euripides: Medea and Electra
Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian Wars
Old Testament
Aristophanes: Frogs, Clouds, Birds
Aristarchus: On the Distance of the Sun and Moon
Aristoxenus: Harmony
Plato: Meno, Republic, Sophist
Aristotle: Organon and Poetics
Archimedes: Works
Euclid: Elements
Apollonius: Conies
Lucian: True History
Plutarch: Lives
Lucretius: On the Nature of Things
Nicomachus: Introduction to Arithmetic
Ptolemy: Almagest
Virgil: JEneid
Strabo: Geography
Livy: History of Rome
Cicero: De OfKciis
Horace: Ars Poetica
Ovid: Metamorphoses
Quintilian: Institutes
Marcus Aurelius: To Himself
New Testament
Galen: On the Natural Faculties
Plotinus: Enneads
Augustine: De Musica and De Magistro
Song of Roland
Volsunga Saga
Bonaventura: On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology
Thomas: Summa Theologica
Roger Bacon: Opus Maius
Chaucer: Canterbury Tales
Leonardo: Note-books
Erasmus: Colloquies
Rabelais: Gargantua
Copernicus: De Revolutionibus
Machiavelli: The Prince
Harvey: On the Motion of the Heart
Gilbert: On the Magnet
Kepler: Epitome of Astronomy
Galileo: Two New Sciences
Descartes: Geometry
Francis Bacon: Novum Organum
Hobbes: Leviathan
Montaigne: Essays
Cervantes: Don Quixote
Shakespeare: Hamlet, King Lear
Calvin: Institutes
Grotius: The Law of War and Peace
Corneille: Le Cid

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Racine: Phedre
Moliere:
Tartuffe
Spinoza: Ethics
Milton: Paradise Lost
Leibniz: Mathematical Papers
Newton: Principia
Boyle: Skeptical Chymist
Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws
Swift: Gulliver's Travels
Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Voltaire: Candide
Fielding: Tom Jones
Rousseau: Social Contract
Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations
Hume: Treatise of Human Nature
Gibbon: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Constitution of the United States
Federalist Papers
Kant: Critique of Pure Reason
Goethe: Faust
Hegel: Science of Logic
Schopenhauer: The World as Will and Idea
Coleridge: Biographia Literaria
Bentham: Principles of Morals and of Legislation
Malthus: Essay on the Principles of Population
Mill: System of Logic
Marx: Capital
Balzac: Pere Conor
Thackeray: Henry Esmond
Dickens: David Copperfield
Flaubert: Madame Bovary
Dostoevski: Crime and Punishment
Tolstoi: War and Peace
Zola: Experimental Novel
Ibsen: The Doll's House
Dalton: A New System of Chemical Philosophy
Clifford: The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
Fourier: Mathematical Analysis of Heat
Faraday: Experimental Researches into Electricity
Peacock: Algebra
Lobachevski: Theory of Parallels
Darwin: Origin of Species
Mendel: Papers
Bernard: Introduction to Experimental Medicine
Galton: Enquiries into the Human Mind and its Faculties
"Joule: Scientific Papers
Maxwell: Electricity and Magnetism
Gauss: Mathematical Papers
Galois: Mathematical Papers
Boole: Laws of Thought
Hamilton: Quaternions
Riemann: The Hypotheses of Geometry
Cantor: Transfinite Numbers
Virchow: Cellular Pathology
Poincare: Science and Hypothesis
Hilbert: Foundations of Geometry
James: Principles of Psychology
Freud: Papers on Hysteria
Russell and Whitehead: Principia Mathematica
Veblen and Young: Protective Geometry

13

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The books on this list for the most part have recently been
republished in cheap editions* The cost to the student during
the four years' course will, with a few exceptions, come within
the customary sum paid for textbooks. In special cases, for
instance Euclid's Elements in Heath's translation, the College
will arrange a subsidy. It is therefore feasible to make and remake such a list, and to prescribe it as the required reading of
all students at St. John's who enter the new program of study.
The Liberal Arts
There are two ways of explaining the function of the liberal
arts in a liberal college. The simpler way is to describe the
mechanics of instruction. That will appear in what follows.
But first it will be well to make clear what the basic distinctions were before the modern chaos buried them under the materials of instruction. In general the liberal arts are the three
R's, reading, writing, and reckoning. So they still appear in
our primary schools; it is their integrity and power that still
lure us back to the little red school houses where our fathers
and grandfathers studied and practised them. Before the nineteenth century they had a higher place and a more elaborate
development which gave birth to and nurtured the array of subject-matters in the modern university. For fifteen hundred years
they were called the Seven Liberal Arts, and before that they
were called the Encyclopedia, the "circle for the training of
boys". There is a continuous tradition of these as there is of
the books, and the two traditions are one in the end. Their
formal and operating techniques are more difficult to recover
than their products in the great books, but the recovery has
proved possible and also illuminating for the practical problems
of instruction that the books raise.
The clearest historic pattern of the liberal arts for the modern
mind is, curiously enough, to be found in the thirteenth century. At the time of Dante's Divine Comedy and St, Thomas'
Summa Theologica, they were listed as follows:

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Triviam
Grammar
Rhetoric
Logic

15

Quadrivium
Arithmetic
Geometry
Music
Astronomy

With the medieval emphasis on the rational activities of man
and the central position of the speculative sciences of theology
and philosophy interest centered on the last art in each column,
and the other arts were subordinate and auxiliary to them. The
master of arts in the thirteenth century would most likely write
his books on logic and metaphysics or in music and astronomy.
Other ages made different emphases. The Renaissance found
rhetoric, geometry, and music (measurement) most productive
and illuminating, with the other arts subsidiary. The Romans
went farthest in rhetoric, as one might expect from noting their
legal activities. The Alexandrians gave highest honors to the
grammarian scholar and the arithmetician and geometer, with
considerable consequent attention to experimental science. The
Athenian Greeks agreed with the thirteenth century in their
ordering of the arts. It seems that we in our political preoccupation and economic energy, coupled with experimental science,
are primarily concerned with rhetoric and music, the Pythagorean name for mathematical physics.
The order and the shifts in order that this indicates reflect
the shifts of attention and emphasis in the great books, and
these in turn, as methods of writing and reading, may be said
to reflect the spirit of the ages in which they were written. These
observations can be turned to account in the manner of teaching
which we propose to follow. The entire period with the books
and the patterns of the arts can be recapitulated in the four-year
college course, the yearly divisions falling respectively at the end
of the Alexandrian period, at the end of the middle ages, in
the middle of the eighteenth century, and ending with contemporary writers. The schedule can be seen in the following
scheme:

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SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

Schedule of Readings by Years
Languages and
Literature
First
Year
JL Cell.

Second
Year

Third
Year

Fourth
Year

Homer
Herodotus
Thucydides
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Aristophanes
Lucian
Old Testament
Horace
Ovid
Livy
Virgil
New Testament
Quintilian
Dante
Volsunga Saga
Song of Roland
Chaucer
Cervantes
Shakespeare
Milton
Rabelais
Corneille
Racine
Moliere
Erasmus
Montaigne
Montesquieu
Grotius
Gibbon
Voltaire
Swift
Rousseau
Adam Smith
American
Constitution
Federalist Papers
Malthus
Marx
Fielding
Balzac
Flaubert
Thackeray
Dickens
Ibsen
Dostoevski
Tolstoi

Liberal Arts

Mathematics and
Science

Plato
Aristotle
Hippocrates
Galen

Euclid
Nicomachus
Aristarchus
Apollonius
Ptolemy
Archimedes
Aristoxenus

Lucretius
Aurelius
Cicero
Plotinus
Augustine
Bonaventura
Thomas
Roger Bacon

Strabo
Leonardo
Copernicus
Galileo
Descartes

Calvin
Spinoza
Francis Bacon
Hobbes
Locke
Hume

Kepler
Harvey
Gilbert
Newton
Leibniz
Boyle

Kant
Schopenhauer
Hegel
Goethe
Bentham
Mill
James
Freud

&gt;

Peacock
Boole
Fourier
Lavoisier
Dalton
Hamilton
Faraday
Maxwell
Joule
Darwin
Virchow
Bernard
Galton
Mendel
Clifford
Cantor
Riemann
Lobachevski
Hilbert
Poincare
Gauss
Galois
Russell 8 Whitehead
Veblen 8 Young

17

This scheme correlates the books with the appropriate contemporaneous ordering of the liberal arts, and provides the basic
pattern of instruction so that it will be most effective and economical. The two outside columns give the divisions of the
books that are primarily literary and linguistic in medium and
style and those that are mathematical and scientific in these respects. The middle column gives the texts that expound the
distinctions and ordering principles of the arts of reading, understanding, and criticism that will most efficiently exploit the
contents of the books. Along with these, we propose to run laboratories of three kinds throughout the course, one to study the
devices of measurement and instruments of precision, another to
repeat the crucial and canonical experiments in the history of
science, and still another for the focusing and concentrating of
the devices of all the sciences upon such contemporary problems
as the nature of the cell, the chemical, physical, and biological
balances in the blood, and the basic problems in embryology.
These are the non-bookish classics that the modern laboratory
has produced, and the consequent disciplines will be provided
for the liberal training of the student. It is an interesting fact
of modern times that the classics and the liberal arts are kept
alive chiefly by experimentation.
The liberal arts are chiefly concerned with the nature of the
symbols, written, spoken, and constructed, in terms of which
we rational animals find our way around in the material and
cultural world in which we live. Symbols have practical aspects,
as in rhetoric and industry, which must be understood and distinguished from their theoretical uses and significances in science
and literature. Again there are concrete data and artificial products that must be distinguished from the abstract principles
and ideas which govern them* There are many connections that
these aspects have with one another, and it is the business of
the liberal artist to see these apart and put them together. Success in this constitutes intellectual and moral health. Failure is
stupidity, intellectual and moral decay, and slavery, to escape
which the founding fathers set up institutions of liberal education. It is reassuring to know that they had more than pious
hopes in their minds when they made charters for St. John's
College and its sister institutions.

�T
18

SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

Machinery of Instruction
For students who choose to enter this program of study this
year, 1937, there will be a staff of instruction consisting of
men who have come to St. John's from the University of Chicago, the University of Virginia, Columbia University, and
Oxford. Ideally these men should be equally well trained in
each aspect of the program, have read all the books in the list,
and mastered all the arts. Actually the members of the staff
have been educated during the period of academic specialization,
and they therefore are specialists who have re-educated themselves in varying degrees. Together their specialties cover the
range of the books and the arts, and students will achieve balanced training through a scheme of combination and rotation
of teaching techniques; and the same will be true for persons
in charge. Such a scheme is dictated by the books and the liberal
arts.
The teaching devices in the scheme are four: 1) reading and
discussion of the books in seminars; 2) formal lectures on
special topics in the liberal arts; 3) tutorials; 4) laboratories.
Seminars
Meetings of seminar groups will occur twice a week with any
additional meetings that special circumstances or difficulties may
indicate. There will be two instructors in charge, and the instruction will make use of a wide range of devices from explication de texte to analysis of intellectual content and the dialectical treatment of critical opinion.
Formal Lectures
The liberal arts operate in the light of principles which constitute the liberal sciences. These sciences will be progressively
expounded in formal lectures by various members of the staff
as the course proceeds. They will be expository and critical also
of themes that arise in the reading of the books. There will be
at least two formal lectures a week.

19

Tutorials
There will be three kinds of tutorial instruction for small
groups or individuals: in original languages, in mathematics,
and in writing.
The study of an original language will be initiated in an
intensive manner during a period of six or eight weeks at the
beginning of each year. The books will be read in English
translation, but their proper interpretation is most rapid and
efficient when they are studied as translations. This requires
only a part of the knowledge commonly demanded now in language courses, a knowledge that is rapidly and easily acquired
by the study and analysis of texts selected from the books on
the list. This training will serve two purposes in the course,
first as it contributes to a knowledge of universal or general
grammar as we shall study that in the liberal arts, and as a
cumulative skill in the genuine reading of any text including
those in English. Greek will be thus studied the first year, Latin
the second, and French and German in the third and fourth.
It should be noted that these correspond with the original languages of the texts in those years.
The second kind of tutorial will be ordered to the elementary
study of the mathematical books. Modern students, more because of the diversity in previous trainings rather than because
of any genuine differences in native endowments, vary a great
deal in their mathematical abilities. The mathematical tutorials
will be organized and taught on the basis of diagnoses of individual cases with the aim of leading each student into vital
intellectual relations with the mathematical texts. This task
will be facilitated by the mathematical laboratory for those
whose difficulties lie in the operational level.
The third kind of tutorial is concerned with training in
writing. Selected texts will be memorized, imitated in style,
translated, and criticized. The aim here will be triple: to induce
active participation in the thought of the great authors, to increase the original literary ability of the student, and to encourage him in original literary creation. There are plans for a
magazine of commentary and criticism to which students, teach-

�20

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SUPPLEMENT TO THE BULLETIN

ers, and friends of the St. John's program may contribute. This
will be closely connected with the writing tutorials and will be
under student editorship.
Laboratories
There will be three kinds of laboratories; one in mathematics
and measurement; one in experimentation; and one in the combination of scientific findings.
The mathematical laboratory will be equipped with the
basic instruments of measurement in all the sciences. Here students learn the mathematical principles that have been embodied
in the instruments, learn to operate them, and thus become familiar with the operational aspects of both mathematics and the
natural sciences. They will also acquire the "feel" of elementary
laboratory techniques for all the sciences.
The second kind of laboratory will allow students to repeat
the crucial and canonical experiments in historic and contemporary science. There are classics in empirical science, experiments which once uncovered principles and laid the foundation
for whole fields of investigation. Some of these go back to the
lever and the balance, some of them like Galileo's experiments
with the inclined plane founded classical mechanics, others like
Milikan's measurement of the force on the electron have set the
themes for contemporary science. Students will study these
scientific classics*
At the end of the course there will be a laboratory for the
combining of scientific findings in order to investigate concrete
problems of central importance. The best problems come from
the medical sciences, problems of the cell, problems of blood
balances, problems of embryology* They will be in charge of
a member of the staff who is acquainted with medical science.
These laboratories will provide a proper pre-professional
scientific training, will illustrate the liberal arts in their liveliest contemporary practices, and will focus the past on the present for the whole course. The mathematical laboratory will
carry the student through the first year, the experimental laboratory through the second and third years, and the combinatorial
laboratory the last year.

21

Schedule
A given week will contain a maximum of approximately
seventeen hours of actual classroom and laboratory work. This
will be divided as follows:
Seminars
Lectures
Tutorials
Language (for 6 weeks)
Mathematics
Writing
Laboratory
Total

4
2
.

.

hours
hours

3
3
2
2^

hours
hours
hours
hours

l6l/2 hours

Actually this total will vary between fourteen and seventeen
hours with an average of hours for the week equal to the customary requirements of liberal colleges in this country.
Admission to this Course
On account of the great variation in preparatory training for
college students, no preparation is assumed for this course beyond a minimum of reading, writing, and arithmetic; eventually there will be a formulation of this minimum requirement.
At the start and for some time in the future we shall apply the
usual set of requirements for admission to St. John's College,
with special consideration for candidates of outstanding ability
whose previous records may not conform to the stated regulations. This course is not designed for any special type of student, either better or worse than the average. It has rigors to
meet the abilities of the best students, and it has excellences and
aids for the conventionally judged mediocre or even poor student
who also should have the best educational material and teaching
attention. The course is a single all required course, and cannot
be taken in part. It has within it so many degrees of freedom
not frequently offered at present that no apology is needed for
a formalism that is only apparent.

�22

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Students entering St. John's College in September, 1937,
will be personally advised concerning the opportunities for their
education that this course offers, and will be invited to enter it.
Old students who wish to make a new start may also choose to
enter it. It cannot be taken in part as substitute for one, two,
or three years that they still have to complete in the old curriculum. This rule also applies to students transferring from other
institutions.
Degree Requirements
Satisfactory work in this course for four years will be accepted
as fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree.
There will be the usual semester examinations, either oral or
written or both, and a final comprehensive examination, oral
and written, at the end of the four years.
Specifically, the requirements are as follows:
Knowledge of the contents of the required books of the
course*
Competence in the liberal arts.
A reading knowledge in at least two foreign languages.
Competence in mathematics through elementary calculus.
300 hours of laboratory science.
These requirements more than meet the demands of graduate
schools in this country, whether in medicine, law, theology,
science, business or the arts and sciences. There is enough freedom in the course for the individual student to meet any special
requirements that his choice of career and graduate school may
dictate.
Despite daily assertions to the contrary, there is no educational device for assuring worldly success to the student. To
cultivate the rational human powers of the individual so that
armed with the intellectual and moral virtues he may hope to
meet and withstand the vicissitudes of outrageous fortune—
that is education.

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