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                    <text>January 2017 Convocation Speech&#13;
by President Mark Roosevelt&#13;
On behalf of the faculty, your fellow students, college staff and alumni – all&#13;
of us – welcome to St. John’s.&#13;
You have joined a community of learners who wrestle with bold and radical&#13;
ideas in ways that are increasingly unusual in the American academy. We&#13;
do our work with a searching temperament and with honesty tempered by&#13;
civility. These values – honesty, a commitment to rigorous searching,&#13;
civility, respect for and openness to the ideas of others – are largely lost in&#13;
American higher education. But they still have a home here at St. John’s.&#13;
And now, you have a home here as well.&#13;
Looking at you this evening, I am confident that you know that you have&#13;
chosen to make your home in a very unusual community. But I am not sure&#13;
you yet know how unusual it truly is. (Perhaps it will give you a hint that I&#13;
have – knowingIy – used the word unusual three times already and may&#13;
well use it more, just for fun).&#13;
How about this? St John’s is as different from other schools that describe&#13;
themselves as small liberal arts colleges – schools such as Middlebury,&#13;
Carleton, or Oberlin – as those schools are from Ohio State.&#13;
There are many reasons that this is so. The most important are both basic&#13;
and substantial. For example, after you chose this college, pretty much&#13;
from here on out you do not get to choose what you study. Nor do your&#13;
classmates. You are studying what other people – after diligent thought&#13;
and in many cases a lifetime’s exploration – have determined will offer you&#13;
the best platform on which to build your life. Not just your academic or&#13;
intellectual life, your whole life. This curriculum is not designed to&#13;
constitute the totality of your learning but, again, to provide the platform&#13;
from which you will dive into a lifetime of learning.&#13;
&#13;
�To say that this runs against the trends in American higher education is to&#13;
engage in understatement. Most schools – even small liberal arts colleges – allow, even encourage, students to design their own education. It is one of&#13;
their selling points. And I suppose for some students, perhaps most&#13;
students, it is what they would prefer. Students in these schools do not&#13;
need to go places they do not want to go or have not already been. They&#13;
can stay in their comfort zone. Increasingly, even within that zone, they can&#13;
take courses they have handpicked from professors with whom they are&#13;
already comfortable. And even in those courses – just in case students&#13;
might still be caught off guard – many schools now offer what are called&#13;
“trigger warnings” to alert students ahead of time to something in a&#13;
reading that might make them uncomfortable. Do not mistake me, I am not&#13;
mocking this path. I understand it. But I do not think it is a brave way to&#13;
pursue an education nor an intellectually curious one. I think it begins from&#13;
a place of woundedness, not strength, and it maintains that woundedness&#13;
rather than seeking to overcome it.&#13;
So let me warn you now, while you still have the chance to flee: St. John’s&#13;
will not allow you to stay in your comfort zone. You will confront ideas and&#13;
ways of looking at the world that are markedly different from your own.&#13;
You will be uncomfortable, not just on occasion, but often.&#13;
I mainly speak of what happens in the classroom, but I also speak more&#13;
broadly about an open campus climate. Last year we welcomed Justice&#13;
Sonia Sotomayor, perhaps the most liberal member of the Supreme Court,&#13;
to campus. She dined with students, met with faculty and staff, and had an&#13;
open forum for the St. John’s community and the public. In a few days we&#13;
will welcome to campus for a Friday night Dean’s Lecture former George W.&#13;
Bush Attorney General Mike Mukasey, who has recently testified in favor of&#13;
some of President-elect Trump’s appointments. They are both from the&#13;
Bronx and are both nice people, but that is where the similarities end – except for the fact that they are both welcome here at St. John’s.&#13;
Compare this to the new college tradition of students protesting speakers&#13;
even being permitted to speak on campus who happen to have views that&#13;
conflict with their own.&#13;
&#13;
�Let’s talk about other differences. Is there another school that calls its&#13;
faculty tutors? Well, there is one that I know of – but it is modeled after St.&#13;
John’s. This is not just a semantic oddity. It represents something really&#13;
important. And what is that? It is that the faculty at St. John’s will not&#13;
“profess” the “truth” to you. And a question at St. John’s is just very&#13;
different than a question at other schools. Tutors ask questions to invite&#13;
you on a shared exploration, not because they know the answer and are&#13;
seeking to find out if you do too. Think about that.&#13;
Another major difference, and one that perhaps at times will not gain 100&#13;
percent enthusiasm from all of you, is that you will work very hard here.&#13;
Ours is a challenging program that asks you to overcome your fear of being&#13;
unable to do higher-order thinking in mathematics, science, philosophy,&#13;
and literature. But unlike trigger warnings or avoiding ideas that you do not&#13;
share, this will make you stronger. By learning you can do what you feared&#13;
you could not do, you will become not just a stronger student, but also a&#13;
stronger person.&#13;
How different is this from many other schools? Just check out the recent&#13;
book Academically Adrift, which examines how little work many college&#13;
students do and how little many learn. One conclusion: about a third of the&#13;
2,300 college incoming freshmen tested on measures such as critical&#13;
thinking, analytic reasoning, and other higher level skills had made no gains&#13;
in those areas when tested again as outgoing seniors. Parents here: how&#13;
would you feel about helping to pay for four years of that?&#13;
Another difference worth mentioning: at St. John’s you will examine&#13;
primary materials, not secondary sources. In many ways, you will make&#13;
discoveries alongside and simultaneously with the authors, composers,&#13;
scientists, and other thinkers whose works you encounter over four years.&#13;
This is a fundamentally different way of learning. It, too, requires much of&#13;
you.&#13;
Since every student in your class will follow the same path, this, too, is very&#13;
different. Your discussions will know few boundaries. Walking on this&#13;
campus, you are more apt to overhear conversations about Kant or Jane&#13;
Austen than about the latest episode of Game of Thrones.&#13;
&#13;
�In short, you are about to be immersed in an intellectually driven climate,&#13;
the like of which you may never again experience in your life. Take&#13;
advantage of it. Dive deep. That’s how discoveries – intellectual, personal,&#13;
and otherwise – are made. That’s how a life is built.&#13;
The work you are about to begin takes commitment. It takes maturity. It&#13;
takes flexibility. You have shown great humility and courage in choosing St.&#13;
John’s. Now you must show perseverance. Commit to seeing through the&#13;
struggles that are up ahead. You will gain greatly when you do.&#13;
You may also take comfort in the fact that we are a small school. You will&#13;
come to know every face on campus – and others will know you. If our&#13;
alumni are any indication, you are now sitting among some of the closest&#13;
friends you will make in your lives. Your classmates will share with you,&#13;
forever, an understanding of how challenging and transformational this&#13;
education will be, and you will cherish them for that.&#13;
And now, begin with confidence. You chose St. John’s for a reason. You will&#13;
add great value to this college, and you will receive immeasurable gifts in&#13;
return.&#13;
&#13;
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                    <text>St. John’s Santa Fe
New Student Convocation Remarks
January 18, 2016
President Mark Roosevelt

It is wonderful to welcome you – really, to welcome anyone newer than I am. This is my third
week.
I am not going to insult your intelligence by telling you about the value of a liberal arts
education or that as a graduate of St John’s, you will be employable. I assume that you would
not be here if you needed to hear that this evening. If you do your work here you will get an
education that matters and that, yes, is increasingly relevant in a world where you will change
jobs and even professions multiple times. The kind of work you will do here will make you
highly sought after.
Far more importantly, this education will help you open yourself to the world.
New as I am, that is what I would like to talk about – briefly – this evening: what is distinctive
about what is on offer here.
I also I will try to distill a couple of things that you might keep in mind as you think about what
you should be focusing on as you look at the years ahead of you.
Some of my favorite research shows that people underline in books not illuminating passages
that open up new ways of looking at life or a particular issue, but instead what they already
know or believe. Seldom are we open to new ways of looking at the world. A St. John’s
education is structured to fight that off, to help us not to be that way.
Our country, as you may have noticed, is going dangerously in the other direction. Blue state
residents and red state residents associate only with those who think and live as they do. And
new ways of gaining information isolates people as well. You can choose which cable news
station to watch; which radio pundits to follow; which websites underscore your view of the
world.
Now many colleges are heading that way as well – allowing students to isolate themselves,
secure in the “rightness” of their way of viewing the world, even if they have not even entered
it, really. Colleges offer so-called “trigger warnings” for materials that might be disconcerting.
They allow students to pick and choose among courses so they can hear and read what they
choose and already find comforting. This is profound abandonment of one of the most critical
roles of a “higher education.”
College should be disconcerting. It should be challenging. And not just in ways that you choose
to be challenged. It should widen your horizons, not solidify what you already believe. It should
shake zealotry, not reinforce it. Because St. John’s is different, your time here won’t always be

�comfortable. St. John’s, by its very nature, its pedagogical vision, as well as its delivery system,
will ask you to wrestle with many different ways of being.
There is another way of expressing the same invitation to openness. One tutor and St. John’s
graduate I met with this week told me that when he got to graduate school he realized that he
“knew what a question was.”
I pursued. He said a questions should “open a door to a new understanding, be an invitation to
see things differently than you saw them before.” He said it was even more important to
understand what a question at St. John’s is not. Most questions are not posed by a faculty
member with an answer in mind that he or she hopes you will parrot back. Instead, a question
is an exploration – a search. For this mode of inquiry to work, both parties need to be open.
This is very different. This is very unusual. And this is very rich.
Education at its deepest level is not about mimicking others’ answers but about exploring your
own. With guidance. With access, both in your readings and in your seminars, to others who
have grappled deeply with such matters.
Let me add another view of what this education should do for you. It should help you
understand why people do what they do, even when they do remarkable things.
The nineteenth-century British romantic poet John Keats – whom you will read here – has a
saying I love: “A fact is not a truth until you love it.”
Facts are good to know. But they are limited until you add context and emotion and, yes, love,
and then they can gain such drama that they can change the way you view almost everything.
Take two of my own preoccupations – Gettysburg and Lincoln.
You will read Lincoln in your senior year. And among the texts you will read are his Address
Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg in November of 1863.
You will not be asked to study the battle itself, but it merits your independent inquiry. You
probably know that it was fought between Union and Confederate forces on July 2, 3, and 4 of
1963. The country you live in was shaped on these days. There were more than 50,000
casualties at Gettysburg, and the battle turned the war in the Union’s favor. And perhaps
America’s greatest speech took place there four months later: Abraham Lincoln’s now famous
268 words. But those facts remain rather cold things.
That is, until you start digging, even a little.
Dig into Lincoln’s speech. You learn that this self-taught man wrote all his own words, that he
was not even the featured speaker that day, that Harvard’s Edward Everett – not the President
of the United States – was the main speaker, that Lincoln was used to being so treated, that he
had lost his beloved son Willie to fever just one year before, that it is almost impossible to

�comprehend what he bore to just keep going, that Everett spoke for two hours and Lincoln
spoke for two minutes and sat down to silence, no one really understanding what had
happened and that he was done, and that now his words may be the most famous ever spoken
by an American, that this is true although he himself said and truly thought that unlike what
happened at the battle of Gettysburg the world would take little note and not long remember
what was said there on that day of consecration.
“Consecration?” A heavy word meaning “to make venerable to hallow.” Lincoln called the
battlefield “this hallowed ground.” And what were they consecrating? Thousands of individual
acts of valor and so much agony, and so much courage. Now perhaps, if you are open to it, you
begin to realize that there may not be much about life that you cannot learn by studying these
three days. Now cold facts begin to take on a life of their own, and unless you are a rather cold
soul, you begin to feel something akin to love.
So many stories.
How a union cavalry officer---John Buford---arrived at the scene before the armies had
gathered at this little Pennsylvania town where all the roads seem to converge, and, looking
down from a hill, somehow knew that a great battle was going to take place there. He was
painfully aware that the Union had fought on the ground of the enemy’s choosing far too often,
and aware of the cost in lives for that. He somehow knew–yes, he really did–that the fate of his
country–not an exaggeration–might well depend on whether he and his cavalry could hold this
ground until Union infantry could reach it. He had 2,748 men–horse soldiers not used to
defending ground–and he faced nearly 8,000 confederates. And he held his ground for a few
precious hours with men dying all around him.
We will never know what might have happened had he not. Six months later Buford was dead
from what doctors called exposure and exhaustion, perhaps typhoid. Delirious at the end, his
dying words were exhortations to his soldiers to hold on: “Don’t let the men run to the rear.”
Perhaps the best general at his level in the Union army, John Fulton Reynolds knew the cost of
procrastination and had hurried to the field to reinforce Buford. He was vulnerable on his horse
as he organized his infantry to repel superior members, and he was shot and killed.
A young general, Winfield Scott Hancock, assumed Reynolds’ command. He was not the most
senior commander at the location but had been told to take command and he did. He had the
authority to leave the field–to retreat–but chose to stay and fight.
The next day the Union’s defensive lines at Gettysburg were in the shape of a fish hook. To win
the battle, the confederates had to break the lines and turn to attack from the rear. And on day
two, Hancock found himself in the center of the confederate assault. At one point a gap opened
in his defensive lines.

�Hancock knew what this opening could mean and ordered his reserves to come forward, but he
also knew that was going to take time–perhaps five to seven minutes. And that gap might be
too long. One regiment was there. Hancock turned to its commander, Colonel William Colvill,
and asked who they were. “First Minnesota,” Colvill replied. Hancock looked down the hill at
the swarm of advancing confederates and pointed to the Alabama flag in their midst. He said,
“Colonel, do you see those colors?” Colvill said that he did. “Then take them,” Hancock said.
They had to know what this meant–all 262 of them. But they charged down that hill, bayonets
fixed, right at that Alabama flag, and they disrupted the Confederate attack for not five but 10
minutes. They did not take the flag, but they held on to their own, and the 47 men who
survived knew forever what they had accomplished. At least I hope they did.
No longer cold facts.
You have to wonder at Buford’s fierce determination, at the courage of the First Minnesotans,
at what it took for Hancock to order other men to sure death, and, always in my case, to think
about what Lincoln endured in order to see this deadly war through to its end and to meet his
own end at 56, when he was feeling a sense of hope for the first time in years. I will never cease
wondering what America lost in that death.
“A fact is not a truth until you love it.”
We do not know what the next four years will bring. But you will read many stories about what
men and women will do for a cause. You will ponder why people will fight so valiantly, as did
the Confederates, for causes we now see as unworthy, and why men in union blue would die
for a more noble ideal–the freedom of others–that they were not really that comfortable with.
I hope the years ahead bring you many moments when you will look deeply at things that really
matter: how we spend our lives, what we love, what people have been willing to die for. I hope
for you there will be moments when the prose and the poetry of life come together, when facts
turn into truths. You may find that your life has changed.
This is what transformational education is all about.
This is a place where for many decades now people have transformed their lives.
I welcome you to St. John’s College.
I declare the College in session.
CONVOCATUM EST

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                    <text>Welcome to St. John’s. Your presence provides me with a certain amount of relief. First, every
class that enrolls represents the endurance of St. John’s and its marvelous program of
instruction – no small thing. And second, frankly, you are newer than I am. Compared to you,
with eight months under my belt, I am a veteran. So thank you for that.
What can I tell you about my first eight months that might help you navigate your first days and
months on this campus? Well, I can’t explain St. John’s to you; others you will meet will do that
much better than I can, and fortunately, that isn’t my job here today.
My job is to help you think about two questions that I know are on your mind as you enroll in
the college: “What will I do at St. John’s?” and “What impact will my work here have – on my
life, and on the world?”
You already know that you have come to an unusual place, and you may have chosen St. John’s
because it is so different from almost every other college in the world. But here’s a word you
may not have associated with this college: radical. Yet everything you are about to encounter, in
your reading and in the classroom, should persuade you that radical is the best – and in some
sense, the only – appropriate word to describe the St. John’s academic program.
We study the greatest ideas in Western culture, posited by some of the most radical thinkers in
history. We live largely in a world of their making, so it is difficult to grasp the extent to which
they upended the conventional wisdom of their times – and the extent to which we are who we
are because they lived, and thought, and wrote, and taught.
The work you do at St. John’s will help you see that the progression of thought, great and worldchanging thought, is not incremental. In an expression we overuse these days, the insights with
which you will grapple are of the “this changes everything” variety. Socrates, through his
interlocutor, Plato, exploded the idea of received wisdom. He said, “Question everything.” The
Copernican revolution removed humankind from the literal center of the universe. Descartes
posited a distinctly new path to truth.
Radical ideas indeed. The kind of ideas that could get a person killed. And here you are, now,
about to plunge in and do some thinking of your own. You’ll surely wonder, at some point, how
this education will serve you when you leave St. John’s and whether there will be a place for you
in the world of work.
I will argue to you, and deeply believe, that what we offer here is becoming more and more
valuable to humankind and to this planet.
I say this because, yes, what you will do here will help you grow as a person, and nurture what is
in you that seeks to explore the most fundamental questions…of why we are here, why we are
the way that we are and why we act the way that we do. Questions that come to all of us, rich
or poor, privileged by access to academic learning or denied such access. Self-taught or just
filled with the usual dollop of human longing, pain and questioning. We by our very nature as
curious beings want to understand as much as we can.
And importantly, and perhaps counterintuitively, this education will also help you recognize the
limits of that potential understanding and therefore, as a by-product of that search, begin to

�acquire the humility that is the platform on which so much that we must change about how we
act will likely be best achieved.
But although that is all very important, it centers the purpose of this education solely on your
own personal growth. And I make even larger claims for this education even than that.
I am not a classicist. I have run educational institutions and taught but, broadly speaking, I have
spent most of my life in public policy. And – although I know enough about the past to know
that every era has its challenges, I think the world you will inherit is fraught with more risks –
and larger ones than – than well…arguably than ever before. And addressing these challenges
will require complex skill sets and dramatically new – not just incrementally different - ways of
thinking.
Let me give you one example. I’ll choose what I believe is the largest of these issues – the effect
that we as a species are having on the planet. Although it gets talked about very little the sheer
number of us is rising so much faster than in earlier times. And few if any comprehend the
implications…1 billion in 1800 and then it took 127 years until there were 2 billion. 33 years or
until 1960 until there were 3 billion…Now just 56 years later we are nearly 8 billion and we grow
by nearly a billion people every decade.
What will come of this growth?
The sheer numbers of us and how we live are affecting the planet in new and profound ways. 13
of the hottest years have occurred since 2000. There is 40% less ice in the Arctic than there was
in the 1970s. At St. John’s you will read Darwin and see how 19th century man spent time
cataloging species and discovering new forms of life. A century and a half later scientists spend
their energies trying desperately to chronicle how many species are going extinct. And although
they differ wildly on what the rate of extinctions might be, the consensus is that extinction is
happening at 1000 to 10,000 times the rate before humans existed – with perhaps 30 to 50% of
all species going extinct by the middle of this century.
Because the effect of human activity is the dominant story, scientists are now increasingly
calling this era…the Anthropocene.
What to do?
We will likely have to change the way we view almost everything. Including the methodology by
which we evaluate human activity. Right now politicians of all ideologies preach growth as the
answer to almost everything. So do most economists. It is growing clear to many, although not
many in positions of power, that this will have to change.
To change the way humans understand their place in the world is a profound undertaking. So if
these problems are so worrisome why do I think that you all are in the right place? Yes, we do
science here but you will not be studying climate change or population growth. And you will not
study political science per se. You will not have your work broken down into the established
academic categories as knowledge does not come in categories.

�Some people view our program as conservative, whatever that means. In fact, as I have said the
program is radical and seeks to enable us all to see man’s path to understanding as built on one
radical overturning after another.
Your encounter with Socrates is likely to be deeply transformative and will cause you to
question the dominant conventional assumptions you have grown up with. You will begin to
embrace a form of inquiry that will lead to many questions.
You will study all kinds of subversions, upendings, overturnings and perhaps begin to see that
the progression of western thought is a series of such. An idea gets presented, analyzed and
accepted. Then a new idea is posited that answers more questions and the earlier idea is cast
aside. We study a great deal of what has been proven incorrect so as to understand how
theories are developed and how thinking evolves. Every book we study is in some large or small
way opening up something that is new and was formerly closed.
You will study Galileo, who was suspected of heresy and spent much of his life under house
arrest, and you will see the price that can be paid for new thinking. In fact of all the works in the
Program the Copernican revolution, the move from an earth centered cosmos to a sun centered
one is perhaps the biggest “upending” and is a model for many of the revolutions that follow.
What happens when we cannot simply assume that the world revolves around us?
Our current situation has obvious parallels with the Copernican revolution. We really cannot
understand the nature of our world until we start to see ourselves not as the center but as an
active part that moves and influences and is influenced by all the other parts of the whole. We
will at some point have to acknowledge the centrality of the photosynthetic biosphere, which,
among other things provides all of our oxygen and most of the food for every living thing, and
the power of nutrient and energy exchanges. And that this is all very complicated and deeply
intertwined and yet also simple and profoundly important and that our hubris in continuing to
act obliviously and otherwise is…well…at the very least very dangerous.
But it is not just in science that you will see how it is radical thought changes that move things
forward. As I prepare with some trepidation to teach the senior seminar – starting tonight - I am
immersed in Tolstoy’s War and Peace. That book is, of course, also an invitation to question
many of the underpinnings of our thinking, including the underpinnings of the kinds of
intellectual pursuit we do at St. John’s. In a sense a questioning of our questioning. Much that is
truly great is an invitation – no, perhaps more of a demand – for greater humility. For example,
the book’s most intellectual and searching characters are unable to use their intellect to shield
them from the pain that comes with love – even love of that which is simply beautiful, flirtation
and charm – and the clumsy groping that accompanies domestic life for most all of us.
As I said at the start we are not like other schools and we consciously reject many of the trends
that other schools succumb to. You cannot choose what you study here. You cannot create a
path that leaves you unchallenged.
This will not be a comfortable education. It is not meant to be. The students I talk with have all
been made distinctly uncomfortable here.

�The world is a devastating place. Acts of humankind will constantly assault your sensibilities and
no one emerges unscathed and yet many now seek trigger warnings or alternative readings so
they can avoid being confronted, even in literature, with depictions of the horrors that have
been commonplace in human history.
Many students come to college with a certain way of looking at the world and want to maintain
it. They are not comfortable having it challenged. And now many colleges are helping facilitate
that protection.
To discover new lands you must accept that you will be out of sight of all land for a period of
time. That is discomforting.

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                    <text>Convocation Speech, Fall 2017
On behalf of the faculty, your fellow students, college
staff, faculty, and alumni — all of us — welcome to St.
John’s.
You have joined a community of learners who wrestle with
bold and radical ideas in ways that are increasingly unusual
in American higher education. We do our work with a
searching temperament and with honesty tempered by
civility. These values — honesty, a commitment to
searching, civility, a respect for and openness to the ideas
of others — are largely lost in American higher education.
But they still have a home here at St. John’s.
And, now, you have a home here with us as well.
You are here… so I am confident that you know that you
have chosen to make your home in a very unusual
community. But I am not sure you yet know how unusual it
truly is.
So, let me just say this: St John’s is as different from other
small liberal arts colleges -- schools like Middlebury,
Carleton, or Oberlin — as they are from Ohio State.
There are many reasons why this is so. The most important
are fundamental and substantial. After you have chosen
this college, which is a brave choice, pretty much from
here on out you do not get to choose what you study. You
are studying what other people — after diligent thought
and sometimes a lifetime’s exploration — have determined
will offer you the best platform on which to build your life.
Not just your academic or intellectual life, but your whole

�life. This curriculum is not designed to constitute the
totality of your learning but, again, to provide the platform
from which you can move to a lifetime of learning.
You have chosen a college that will prepare you to think, to
synthesize, to create, and to make informed judgments.
These habits of mind will last your lifetime and will take
you anywhere you choose to go.
But I am the president of the college; I probably would say
that. So, as you sit there thinking about what your time at
St. John’s will mean, and what it will prepare you for, it
would help if I read a small section from a recent article
titled, “The most forward-thinking, future-proof college in
America teaches every student the exact same stuff,” by
Peter Marber in the business journal Quartz.
“Perhaps instead of reinventing higher education, we
can give students what they need for the future by
returning to the roots of liberal arts. Consider St. John’s
College, America’s third-oldest institution of higher
education...which has emerged as one of the most
distinctive colleges in the country by maintaining a strict
focus on the classics of the Western canon….
Marber then notes that St John’s asks you to read
original texts and says, “This is crucial to the school’s
philosophy; by freeing texts from context, St. John’s
claims it frees students’ minds to ponder the multiple
possibilities and meanings that are actually in the text.
Those possibilities are then discussed and debated, and
discarded when weak or specious, leaving better
interpretations space to surface. St. John’s is not a
cloister, and of course students and faculty are well
aware of the history and social settings of their studies.
But an attempt is made to focus on the texts
themselves, and understand their content, meaning and

�merit deeply through debate. This is what creates
independent thinking.
“…Sure, compared to the telephone book size course
catalogs most colleges and universities offer in the 21st
century, St. John’s curriculum may seem limited. But
“Johnnies,” as St. John’s students call themselves, and
faculty would argue just the opposite. This curriculum is
carefully designed not only to build knowledge, but also
to understand how knowledge is ultimately created; it is
teaching students how to learn.
“…We live in an age when 2.5 quintillion bytes of data
are created every day, with much being intentionally
misleading, ‘fake’ or just plain wrong. What could be
more valuable than developing an intellectual filter,
cultivating the capacity to know what is important to
know, distilling enormous amounts of information to
form a rational position, or knowing how to listen and
respond to—or perhaps integrate—someone else’s point
of view? In this vein, St. John’s uses traditional texts
taught in ancient methods to impart skills that have
never been more crucial.”

“Skills that have never been more crucial…” Here is a
highly successful business person lauding the quality of
education you will get here…what you will learn and study
and how it will help you grow. All true. But the other point
he is making is that the world needs — and will seek to
employ - the skills you will develop here…because they
have “never been more crucial…”
As you embrace the Program and give your studies your full
attention you will of course also be thinking about the
larger questions behind it all — Questions such as, what is a
good life, and how do we make one for ourselves? How do I
want to live? What kind of life will satisfy my intellectual
yearnings and my social needs as well as help me reach my
professional and personal goals?

�And what exactly are my personal and professional goals?
These are huge questions, and they may seem at times
overwhelming. But they are after all the key questions of
our life here, and the right questions for you to be asking,
even if – like all large questions — the answers are hard to
come by, and are not easy.
Your time here should give you the tools to grapple with
these questions ….to gain glimmers of understanding.
And your time here should change you…it will change you…
you will not leave here with the same beliefs and the same
way of looking at the world that you have right now.
In a commencement speech at another college several
years ago, the writer Richard Russo said that “sending …
kids off to college is a lot like putting them in the witness
protection program. If the person who comes out is easily
recognizable as the same person who went in, something
has gone terribly, dangerously wrong.”
You have enrolled in a college that is unlike any other in
the country, and second to none in its ability to prepare
you for whatever comes your way. Your tutors could teach
anywhere. They teach here, at least in part, because for
them, to be a part of a community of learners is much
more wondrous than to “profess.” That is why they are
tutors and not professors. You are now their admittedly less
experienced colleagues, here to offer your hard work and
your insights that you will bring to your seminars, tutorials,
and preceptorials. Your fellow learners, your classmates
and your faculty and all of us, will benefit greatly from

�what you have to offer. Be present. Share yourself. Get and
give all that you have.
You know what else? And this is sometimes hard for us at
St. John’s: Have some fun. Not too much fun. Play with
ideas. Tell terrible jokes.
Hike. Kick a soccer ball. Help a kid in town to learn to
read. Enjoy the incredible, sometimes almost preposterous
beauty of this this wondrous place … the constant drama of
the sky … the clouds and the sunsets. Take care of yourself.
Sit in the Plaza downtown and think about the history
under your feet and all around you. Whatever it means to
you, make the most of these four years. Become you.
Thank you for all for the bravery in choosing to join us in
this incredible community. We welcome you to your new
home at St. John’s College.

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                    <text>2019 CONVOCATION SPEECH
On behalf of the faculty, your fellow students, college staff, and alumni—all of
us—welcome to St. John’s.
You have joined a community of learners who wrestle with bold and radical ideas.
We are searchers and do our work with honesty tempered by civility. These
values—honesty, a commitment to rigorous searching, civility, respect for and
openness to the ideas of others—are largely lost in American higher education
today. But they still have a home here at St. John’s.
And now, you have a home here as well.
Looking at you this morning, I am confident that you know that you have chosen
to make your home in a very unusual community. But I am not sure you know
how unusual it truly is and exactly why we continue to choose to be so different.
Older admissions materials explaining the college say “The goals of the St. John’s
Program are not those of other schools, and the meaning of a liberal arts
education at St. John’s is not what is thought of as a liberal arts education
elsewhere. The standard questions and usual considerations about college barely
apply.”
That was true when it was written decades ago, and it is even truer today.
St. John’s is as different from other small liberal arts schools—such as Middlebury,
Pomona, or Oberlin—as these schools are from the University of Texas or Ohio
State.
But what does this difference really mean? It is part of the St. John’s approach
that we do not figure things out for you. But I believe that exploring this
difference a bit this morning, thinking broadly about what we are really engaged
in here, will provide you with an important context as you begin your St. John’s
journey.

�If you look around you, you will see signs all over campus for our fundraising
campaign. That campaign is entitled Freeing Minds, and that title was chosen by
our alumni as the best way to describe what it is we seek to do.
So, it is our claim that what we do here can help to free your mind.
How do we do that?
Our mission statement offers some help here. It reads: "The educational mission
of St. John’s College is to foster searching consideration of the most important
human questions through reading and discussion of great books…Through the
study of these works, the College seeks to free human beings from prejudice and
unexamined opinion, and to help students make thoughtful choices in public and
private life."
Of course, freedom is a complex concept with multiple potential meanings. By
joining St. John’s you are actually forgoing many “freedoms” that others view as
important and that you would experience at other colleges. For example, our
ambition to help free minds clearly does not mean granting you the freedom to
suggest and choose what you are going to study.
No, we are talking about a different kind of freedom. A freedom that is not given,
but rather earned.
The Statement of the Program says that “St. John’s College is persuaded that a
genuine liberal education requires the study of great books because they are both
timeless and timely. These books are the most important teachers. They
illuminate the persisting questions of human existence and they bear directly on
the problems we face today.”
To say that our all-required curriculum and the beliefs behind it run against trends
in American higher education is to engage in massive understatement. Most
schools now encourage students to exercise the freedom to design their own
education. It is one of their selling points. And I suppose for some students—no,
why not say it truthfully—for a vast majority of students, this is what they would
prefer. Students in these schools are not required to study outside of their

�comfort zone. They are free to hold their beliefs relatively unchallenged. They are
not asked to go places they do not want to go or have not already been.
At St. John’s you will be required to confront ideas and ways of looking at the
world that are markedly different from your own. You will be uncomfortable, not
just on occasion, but often.
We believe a freer thinker comes from when you know how others think, what
they believe and why. And when you learn to listen. Really listen.
Ours is also a challenging program. We ask you to overcome your fear of being
able to do higher-order thinking in mathematics, science, philosophy, and
literature. By learning you can do what you might have feared you could not do,
you will become not just a stronger student, but also a stronger and a freer
person.
We do not believe that it helps free your mind to spend time in a lecture hall
writing down what someone else is telling you to think. It is not just a semantic
oddity that we call our faculty tutors and not professors… It represents something
really important. The faculty at St. John’s will not “profess” the “truth” to you.
Because of that, a question is even different here. At most colleges a professor
will ask you a question to see if you know something that they already have fixed
in their mind. Here at St. John’s, tutors will ask you questions to invite you on a
shared exploration, not because they know the answer and are seeking to find
out if you do as well.
Tutors are also searchers, open to the possibility that they might, alongside you,
learn something new about the Pythagorean Theorem in Freshman Math or in the
Graduate Institute mathematics tutorial, or while reading Genji in the Eastern
Classics program. You, the less experienced colleagues of your tutors, and the
equal partners of your classmates, are now going on a search together…you
will be dissecting the texts together. Looking for insights together, and helping
to understand together.
Another major difference, and one that you may be only marginally enthusiastic
about, is that you will work very hard here. How different is this from many other
schools? Just check out the recent book Academically Adrift, which examines how

�little work many college students actually do and how little they learn. One
conclusion: about a third of the 2,300 college incoming freshmen tested on
measures such as critical thinking, analytic reasoning, and other higher-level skills
had made no gains in those areas when tested again as outgoing seniors. The
freedom to not apply yourself, to be a passive participant in your college years, is
another “empty” freedom you will not enjoy at St. John’s.
By giving up these various so-called freedoms we believe you have the
opportunity to attain a far greater, far more important freedom. And that
freedom—to understand the most important thinking that brought us to be who
we are and where we are, to be able as our mission statement says to free
yourself from prejudice and unexamined opinion—is a hard-earned freedom. To
attain it you must give of your self…you must open your mind and your heart to
new thinking. And you must dive deep. That’s how discoveries—intellectual,
personal, and otherwise—are made. That’s how a life is built. That is how a mind
is made free.
I am convinced that becoming a freer thinker is why you chose to come here. To
those who know me even a little, they can tell you I do not flatter. But I have to
tell you that I am impressed by you. By your courage. By your willingness to take a
more challenging path. I believe that your presence here is an indication of how
you are going to make your choices throughout your life.
You have shown both great humility and great courage in choosing St. John’s.
Now you must show another equally important characteristic in life—
perseverance. Commit to seeing through the struggles that are up ahead. You will
gain greatly when you do.
We know a good deal of what makes for a successful experience at St. John’s.
The most essential positives? Connect. Engage. Commit. Learn how to fail and
how to recover. Learn what is truly important to you…what lights your
emotional and intellectual fires. And please, seek help if you are in trouble.
We—all of us—faculty and staff are here to support you. Seek us out. We are
working hard to make sure you have all the support services, academically and
personally, that you might require. But it is essential for you to have the courage
to ask for help when you need it.

�And seek beauty. We live in a very dark time. A time in which it is ever more
apparent that we, as a species, are self-deluding and short-sighted. And
yet…beauty is all around us. There is spectacular beauty in the mountains and
ever-changing skies of Northern New Mexico and there is also beauty in what you
will be reading and doing here, in our attempts to take stock of our condition—
our stories, poems, and our songs…Our attempts to understand ourselves, they
matter a great deal.
And now, begin with confidence. You chose St. John’s for a reason. Remember
that. And remember that we know that you bring great things to us. You will add
great value to this college, and you will receive immeasurable gifts in return.
Thank you for listening. And welcome to your new home at St. John's.
I declare the College in session. Convocatum est.

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                    <text>1
Convocation Address
St. John’s College, Santa Fe
August 29, 2024
J. Walter Sterling, President
Good morning, again, on this beautiful day here, on our Santa Fe Campus of St. John’s College,
here over 7000 feet above sea level, in the foothills of Monte Sol and the Sangre de Cristo
mountains.
A beautiful day, and a significant day, ending one chapter, and opening a new one, for all of our
new students — beginning this evening for you freshmen, with the terrible beauty of the Iliad
and an opening question. Thus begins a new rhythm of life, as the bell rings, each Monday and
Thursday evening, and you enter seminar.
So, welcome to you freshmen, Class of 2028, and first semester graduate students. Welcome
family and friends joining us, the faculty of the college, all of our staff, and our returning
students. Welcome to low-residency graduate students and family members and others joining us
online. A special welcome to Katarina Wong, president of the St. John’s College Alumni
Association and member of our Board of Visitors and Governors.
My remarks will seem aimed at our freshmen. For our new graduate students, including lowresidency students, please know you are just as integral to our community of learning, and the
heart of all this is intended for you, too. What you are undertaking exemplifies, in its own
extraordinary way, the convictions and aspirations of our college.
I will explore two themes: First, to reflect with you a bit on what it means to join this
“community dedicated to liberal education.” — Our most foundational document, modestly
titled, “The Statement of the Program,” has long opened with the assertion that, “St. John’s
College is a community dedicated to liberal education.” — Second, I will propose four sources
of sustaining strength, for the journey you’ve begun.
“A community dedicated to liberal education.” Who is this community? Let’s begin with you 90
freshmen. You come from all over geographically, and from all varieties of backgrounds. From
25 states, and from 6 countries abroad — Albania, Canada, China, Egypt, India, Nepal. From
public, private, and homeschool educations. Some grew up right here in Santa Fe, some daring
few have entered the United States for the very first time to join us here. Within the U.S., some
have traveled very far: 3,500 miles from Palmer Alaska, 2,300 miles from Pownal, Maine.
You discovered St. John’s along various paths: from a deep love of books, or the advice of a
favorite teacher, from a Johnnie family member, or moved by the visit to campus or the Summer
Academy, some thrilled by the people they met here, or the conversations they joined, some
drawn to this bold vision of what a college education can be, some arriving after attending other
colleges or being out of school in the world of work for a season.
The community you join is small in a way — 400 undergraduates, 100, graduate students — but
it contains more varied backgrounds than many larger communities, and, because of the shared

�2
course of study, and the constant conversation together which you have already begun, you will
experience more diversity and empathize with and learn from this wide range of backgrounds,
beliefs, and perspectives more than is likely in the relative anonymity and dispersion of more
conventional colleges. We are also a campus community, including our staff and faculty who are
united by uncommon dedication to the program and to your and their own learning. Our constant
practice of shared inquiry requires, and fosters, mutual civility and respect, inclining naturally
toward empathy and friendship. Such civility and respect are modeled daily in the classroom by
our tutors. We do not seek facile agreement or hard-edged debate. We seek to reason together
and, as our Statement says, to learn from our differences and discover our shared humanity.
Radiating out from our campus, you now join the community of all Johnnie alumni, whose
education was shaped by the same program and community, if varying in details, over the years
and decades. And you now live in this remarkable city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, a city in which
this college has found a home for 60 years.
To what are we dedicated? “Liberal education.” You know already you have chosen a college
that aims to offer as complete an undergraduate education as possible in the most important
respects, “a complete and generous education,” to borrow a phrase from Milton — that is, to go
as deep as possible into the fundamental questions, to the roots and foundations of things, and to
be as broad as possible in respect to the range of human faculties and fundamental domains of
knowledge and life. You will be required to, or given the opportunity to, translate Plato and
Sophocles from the original Greek, in which you will acquire basic competence, and you will be
asked to work through Einstein’s 1905 paper on special relativity, equation by equation. You will
sing and analyze music. You will draw flowers and conifers and dissect biological specimens and
observe light’s wave-particle duality. You will study the works of Adam Smith and of Karl Marx.
You will study Euclid’s Elements and the genesis of and techniques of calculus. You will begin
tonight with seminar conversations on Homer and then as seniors explore the works of George
Eliot, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison... and so much more!
You may be challenged by those who see in the phrase “liberal education” neglect of the
practicalities of life. But this is a mirage. Every college and university, all of what we call higher
education today cannot avoid balancing three aims, simply put: the pursuit of truth or knowledge
as an end in itself, preparation for citizenship or political life, and preparation for career or the
practicalities and necessities of our work-life. Liberal education properly pursued advances all
three aims, in a well-balanced way. The truth is that what distinguishes St. John’s is not that our
aims and values are unusual; it is that we are able to pursue certain widely shared values in a
more uncompromising way than most educational institutions. Most educators and academics,
when asked, would love to have smaller classes (like yours), discussion-driven classes (like
yours), and highly self-motivated and curious students (like you). They too believe all or most
students would benefit from much more time with great works of literature and philosophy, read
patiently and thoughtfully, and with deeper logical and mathematical study, and from many other
areas that are too often neglected. But they and their institutions, for many and varied reasons,
are not incentivized and not able to offer these things quite so well as we can. Most other
institutions have added aims and added constraints. They must strike a different balance or have
a necessarily narrowed focus.

�3
You may also be challenged to explain the relevance of studying so closely classics of the past. I
recall many years ago hearing our revered former dean Eva Brann answer a parent’s challenge to
that effect in this pithy way, as I recall it: “Our world is technology and democracy. Those are
Greek words, and to understand our world today you must ultimately understand its roots in
Greek thought.” — Properly interpreted, you could almost deduce our whole program from that
premise. We are not studying the past as past; we are studying the living roots or natural history
of our present world.
Liberal education, pursued in this broad and deep way, is not only relevant today, it is needed
seemingly now more than ever. It strengthens you, where current society is weak or faltering. It
cultivates the habits of mind and character that are needed now to face the dystopian trends of
our technological society and the polarization and loss of civility in our political life and
discourse. The remedy to these depends on and passes through a renewal of education, one that
points strongly toward the heart of what we quietly pursue at St. John’s. I am convinced that
there are more people today who see the need for that renewal than there were 10 or 20 or 30
years ago.
I offer those as some opening reflections on our community dedicated to liberal education.
Now, “Noble things are difficult.” So goes a Greek maxim you will translate. You arrive here, I
hope, eager and energized for the work ahead, curious, with senses sharpened. But you also
know it will be challenging. You came here not for something easy but for something substantial,
and therefore challenging. You will struggle at times.
Let me point to what I see as four sources of strength and sustenance that seem to me well-suited
to lift you up, to lift each of us up. My hope is that making them explicit can make them more
available.
The first, perhaps easiest for us to see on the surface, is not to lose sight of the seriousness or
grandeur of the work itself, its height or excellence, its depth or gravity. The works we
characterize as “great books,” and the kinds of questions you will pursue, are truly impressive,
often enigmatic, often dazzling and elevating. Do not let their difficulty eclipse that vision. When
the work of the day falters or becomes a grind, remind yourself that you really are doing that
hard work and persevering, in order to illuminate the most fundamental matters, to cultivate the
kind of soul that can dwell near and benefit from great wisdom and beauty and the works that
express them.
Second, you have, we have, one another: There is much in life that isolates us, and typically it is
when things seem darkest or most difficult that we feel most isolated. Here, you are closer to
many others who can offer empathy, understanding, and support, than most students out there
are. The small size of this community, your daily study and life together, the common
curriculum, the familiarity which your tutors have with what you are doing and with the
members of their classes, the staff who know well the character of this campus, the program, and
all the resources available for getting through times of difficulty, your friends, and your
classmates and room and hallmates. There are truly always more folks you can reach out to and
connect with, nearby, prepared to help — and likewise, you are there for them. Sometimes it’s

�4
hard to see that — here and in life — but I really believe it can be very true here, for each of you
— and you should be ready to reach out, open up, and rely on those around you.
Third, let yourself experience this place: the city of Santa Fe and our natural setting. For some of
you, this is familiar — home or like home — for many of you it may be unlike anywhere you
have lived. The geography, climate, culture, and history here are truly extraordinary, and you
would do well to cultivate actively an interest in and attachment to the place you are in. That is
true wherever we are, but there is so much here that invites and rewards the effort of active
attention and exploration.
The world-renowned author, and longtime friend and supporter of our college, Scott Momaday
— who passed away this January and whose Native peoples were of this land and its history —
was one of the great thinkers and writers of place and land. I have thought about him often since
his death. As he wrote, each of us, “ought to concentrate his mind upon the remembered earth, I
believe. He ought to give himself up to a particular landscape in his experience, to look at it from
as many angles as he can, to wonder about it, to dwell upon it. He ought to imagine that he
touches it with his hands at every season and listens to the sounds that are made upon it. He
ought to imagine the creatures there and all the faintest motions of the wind. He ought to
recollect the glare of noon and all the colors of the dawn and dusk."
This place, which seems austere to some, rewards our care and attention. The evening sky at
sunset, the brightest stars most any of you will ever live among, the smell of the land after the
rain. Likewise, the art, music, and history open to us, just in a two-mile radius. If you can really
make this place part of what it means to be a Johnnie at this college, that alone will carry you
forward like a wave.
Finally, joy: Cultivate a spirit of joy. This does not mean carrying things lightly. What you do
here is serious, but not at all grim. Avoid the temptation often pressed on us by the loud voices in
the world, to dwell on what is melancholy in things, especially when facing hard work and
challenges. Find joy in what you do here, in playful fun, in the deep wonder of insight, in
exercising resilience in the face of adversity. Delight in the range of what you are undertaking
and in the many flashes of beauty in these works. Find joy in perplexity, knowing it’s a
precondition for learning. Find joy in cultivating your attention (against the great counterforces
of this age of distraction). Enjoy physical exertion and moving your body in this wonderful
setting. Delight in the landscape. Enjoy the company of your friends and companions.
Success at St. John’s involves a blend of humility and audacity, as does a worthwhile and
adventurous life. The program naturally elicits both, in different ways. If you can remain attuned
to sources like these that can strengthen you, that can invigorate you and pull you up and over,
through, or around the obstacles of the moment, each of you will, I am confident, flourish here.
I declare the college in session. CONVOCATUM EST.

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