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                    <text>ST. JOHN'S

COl~LEGE

ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

1696-1936

COIVIMENCEMENT EXERCISES
Under the Liberty Tree

WEDNESDAY. JUNE THIRD
.NINETEEN HUNDRED THIRTY-SIX
ELEVEN O'CLOCK

�CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES

Commencement Exercises

~

BACHELOR OF ARTS

PROGRAMME·

Magna cum Laude
PROCESSIONAL

JOSEPH BURNHAM GRAY ......................................... Annapolis

Meyerbeer

March from "The Prophet"
St. John's College Orchestra

Magna cum Laude et cum Honore

THE ORDER OF THE ACADEMIC PROCESSION:

EDWARD TYLER HEISE (in French) ................................ Annapolis

The Marshal, the Student Body, the Graduating Class, Alumni, the Faculty, the
Clergy, Doctor Thomas Parran, Jr. (Candidate for an Honorary Degree) with
Doctor Amos F. Hutchins (his Sponsor), Members of the Board of Visitors and
Governors of St. John's College, Presidents and Representatives of other &lt;lolleges,
the Head of the United St11.tes Naval Post Graduate School, the Superintendent
•Of the United States Naval Academy and the Aide to the Superintendent, Rabbi
Morris S. Lazaron, the Rev. Thomas E. Green, D.D., the Honorable Harry W.
Nice, the President of St. John's College.

Cum Laude
CHARLES JACOB KIBLER ........................................ Greensboro

The Rev. E. Cranston Riggin

INVOCATION

Gounod

Sanctus from "St. Cecilia Mass"
St. John's College Orchestra
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE

Rabbi Morris S. Lazaron

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

Pilgrim Chorus from ''Tannhaeuser"

Wagner

St. John's College Orchestra
ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE MARSHAL THAT THE CANDIDATES FOR THE
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS ARE PRESENT
CONFERRING OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS

The President of the College
DELIVERING OF THE DIPLOMAS

Hon. Harry W. Nice, The Governor of Maryland
Moszkowsky

Bolero
St. John's College Orchestra

CONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREE:
THOMAS PARRAN, JR., Doctor of Laws, proposed by Dr. Amos F. Hutchins,
Chairman of the Board of Visitors and Governors of St. John's College
PRESENTATION OF THE PRIZES IN THE ESSAY CONTESTS

The Rev. Thomas E. Green,

D.D.

PRESENTATION OF OTHER PRIZES AND AWARDS

The President of the College
The Rev. James M. Magruder,

BENEDICTION

Ode to St. John's

D.D.

Starr

RECESSIONAL

Pomp and Circumstance
St. John's College Orchestra

Elgar

Rite
JOHN REEVES BLAKISTONE ...................................... Bushwood
JAMES PIERCE BRADLEY ......................................... California
JAMES MCCOMBS BROWN .....................•................... Baltimore
THOMAS WARREN CHANDLEE ............................. Delta, Pennsylvania
GARNETT YELVERTON CLARK ........................ , ... , ........ Annapolis
GILBERT ALBERT CRANDALL ..................................... Annapolis
LAWRASON LEVERING CRANE ...................................... Baltimore
HERBERT HENRY ECCLESTON .......................... Hackensack, New Jersey
FRANK RICHARD GESSNER, JR..................................... Annapolis
WILLIAM GOTTSCHALK GIDEON .................................... Baltimore
RALPH JOSEPH GIORDANO ................................ Newark, New Jersey
CHARLES GEORGE GOY ............................... Nashua, New Hampshire
CALVIN LEWIS HORN, JR ......................................... Baltimore
SAMUEL MILTON IVREY ...................•....................... Annapolis
PAUL JOSEPH KESMODEL ......................................... Baltimore
ROBERT GLYN LEWIS ............................................ B.altimore
HARRY PATRICK LUZ .................................. Woodmere, New York
DANIEL HUTCHINSON MATHERS ................................... Annapolis
IRVING KAHLER MEGINNIS ........................................ Baltimore
WILLIAM ROBERT MILLER ........................................ Baltimore
CYRIL RAYMOND MURPHY, .JR..................................... Baltimore
WARDER ROBERT NETHKEN ...................................... Baltimore
CHARLES FRANCIS PEACE, III .................................... Round· Bay
JAMES ANDREW PHILLIPS ................................. · ........ Quantico
WILLIAM NELSON RAIRIGH ........................................ Ridgely
RALPH MURRAY SCHLEY ...........................•............. Baltimore
RICHARD BROOKE SELLMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poolesville
LEROY GARDNER WEBSTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Deal' s Island
CHARLES TYLDEN WESTCOTT ..................................... Baltimore
RICHARD TALBOT WILLIAMS ..........................•........... Waterbury
GEORGE THOMAS WINGATE ....................................... Baltimore

�HONORS AND PRIZES
To the member of the Senior Class who has at- l
tained the highest average in his four years'
academic work, a gold medal. Offered by the · · .... · · . · · .... JOSEPH BURNHAM GRAY
Board of Visitors and Governors.

J

To the member of the Graduating Class, intend-1
ing to study medicine, who has the highest
standing iri courses taken in the Division of
the Sciences and Mathematics, a prize of $10.
~ffered by the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fratermty.

l ·.· · · · · · · · · ·HERBERT
f
j

HENRY ECCLESTON

To the student who, in the opinion of the Fae- l
culty, has contributed most to the College during the year, a medal. Offered by the Phi · · . · · . · · · . · ... GEORGE TYLER COULSON
Sigma Kappa Fraternity.

J

To the student who has written the best essay on
a subject taught regularly in the Division of·
the Languages, Literature, and Art, a prize of
$25.00. Offered by the Reverend Doctor
Thomas E. Green.

1·
.............. GUSTAV EDWARD HERZER

(HONORABLE MENTION: Edward Tyler Heise and Robert Levin).
To the student who has written the best essay on l
a subject taught regularly in the Division· of I
the Sciences and Mathematics, a prize of r
$25.00. Offered by the Reverend Doctor I
Thomas E. Green.
J

................ ROBERT

GRAHAM MOSS

To the member of the Graduating Class who has l
demonstrated the greatest interest in general)
reading, twenty-inch books~e.lf. Offered by ........... CHARLES TYLDEN WESTCOTT
a member of the Board of VlSltors and Governors.
..

a

To the retiring President of the Student Council, l
a gavel. Offered by the Beta Mu Chapter of r ........... THOMAS WARREN CHANDLEE
the Kappa Alpha Fraternity.
·
J
To some person, not a student in the Coliege, but l
intimately connected with the affairs of the I
College, who, in the opinion of .the Faculty,
possesses such characteristics of heart, mind,
and conduct, as evince a spirit of love for and
helpfulness to other men and women, as were .............. AMOS FRANCIS HUTCHINS
exemplified by Algernon Sydney Sullivan, a
medallion and certificate of award. Offered
annually by the New York Southern Society,
in commemoration of Algernon Sydney Sullivan.
J
The Hodgson Cup-for excellence in English.

r ............. .... EDWARD TYLER HEISE

The Jamison Cup-for excellence in Biology.

r .......... .RICHARD

The Woodcock Cup-for excellence in Chemistry.

L

f · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

TALBOT WILLIAMS

JOSEPH Bl'.JR.
G
.
NHAM RAY

The Keene Cup-for excellence in Mathematics.

r ............... JOSEPH

The Dearing Cup-for excellence in Economics.

r ............. LEROY

The Harrison ~up-for th_e best all-around student .(athletics, scholarship, and character) .

r ........... LAWRASON

BURNHAM GRAY

GARDNER WEBSTER
LEVERING CRANE

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&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1897&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1907&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1910-1918&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1920-1924&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1928-1929&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1932&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>Cotninenceillent
Day

St. John's College
1696-1920

Friday
June ele-Yenth
Nineteen-twenty

�Commencement Exercises

.GRAJ)UATE. DEGREES

BACHELOR OF ARTS

PROGRAMME
JUNE 11, FRIDAY, 10:30 A. M.

Procession of Candidates for Degrees, Alumni, the Board of Visitors and
Governors, Distinguished Visitors, the Orators, and
the President of the College.
Reading of Scripture ........................ By the Rev. J. M. Gillum
Invocation ................................ By the Rev. J. D. La Mothe

Howard A.lonzo Batty .. , •.......... ,.,, ...•........... &gt; •• Baltimm;e, Md.
Milton William Baylis .............................. Pocomoke City, Md.
John Ho9ver Birely; ............ ' .......... ·...... ·.· ..... Cavetown, Mel.
Eclward Inyin _Blafoe, Jr ..... : ........ :: ... .' ...... Pocomoke City, Mel.
Paul Moyer Cassen .... '. . ,....... .'. ·........................ Towson, Mel.
Robert Edward Cough'an, Jr ... , .......... '." .•. , ........ Baltimore, Mel.
Ea,rl Rol!1nd ,•Custis ................................ Pocomo:ke City, Mel.
~eginald Foster Hall. .................... · .. ·"., .. , .. , .Washington, D. C.
Echnoncl Hough Johnson.-........... ·" ........ : : ............ Snow Hill, Mel.
Howard Andrew Kinhart .............................. White Hall, Md.
Francis James L~oyd, Jr ............. .':. _. ... : ...... Pocomoke City, Mel.
Norman Hampden Smith .................... -. ............ Hebron, Mel.
Thomas Payne Thompson ... _................ -. .. ,, ....... BeBl Air, Mel.

Music.
Awarding of Prize. in behalf_ of the Alumni Association for the best
Original Oration in the Senior Class and for G,eneral Excellence
- By Osborne Yellott,_Esq.
Music.
Aclclress to Graduates ....................... By Hon. Albert C. Ritchie,
Governor of Maryland.
Awarding of Gold Medal for Highest Average in Graduating Class
By Hon. Robert Moss.
Awarding of other Prizes for Distinguished Scholarship.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
John Davis Alexander ......... ·: .... : ............... Deal 's Island, Md .
.Charles Waugh Fitzgerald, Jr ........ ,.''. ........... ,Prine.ess Anne, Md.
Burleigh Clayton Fooks ........... ._ ... , ................ Snow Hill, Md.
Samuel Roy Hetzer ................ ·, ................ Williamsport, Md.
Raymond Sergeant Hyson .............................. Hampstead, Md .
. Albert Fuad Jumblatt ................................ Philadelphia, Pa.
Joseph John Kleback ..................... : ............. Wyoming, Pa.
James Anson Logan ................................... Baltimore, Md.
Karl Schumacher ...................................... Pottstown, Pa.
Cliifor Oscar Webster ......... : ..................... Deal's Island, Md.

Music.
Conferring of Degrees on Graduates.
Conferring of Honorary Degrees.
Music.
Awarding of Sabre to Captain of Color Company.

MASTER OF ARTS; IN COU:R.SE
Charles. Raymond Halbert, B.A.1 HJOS ................ Washington, D. C.
William Neill, Jr., B.A., 1908 ........................... Baltimore, Md.
Wilbert L. Merriken, B.A., 1915-. .• ,,·..---.· ................. Baltimore, Mel.
Henry L; D. Stanford, B.A., 1917 ....................... Ba:ltimore, Mel.
William E. Olivet, B.A., 1919 ........................... Annapolis, Mel.

Military Announcements.
BP.necliction .............................. By Rev. William L. De Vries

MASTER OF SCIENdE, IN COURSE
Edward Hall Bowie ................................ Washington, D. C.

�HONORARY DEGREES
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
Emerson B. Roberts .................................. Wilkinsburg, Pa.
DOCTOR OF LAWS
Governo,r Albert 0. Ritchie ............................ Anna polis, Md.
Rear Admiral Archibald H. Scales, U. S. N .............. Annapolis, Md.
Assistant Secretary of Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt ... Washington, D. C.
Ambassador Jean J. J usserand ...................... Washington, D. C.
Major General R. Alexander, U. S. A ................. Washington, D. 0.

Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.
Rev.

DOCTOR OF DIVINITY
William L. DeVries ........................... Washington, D. C.
Sidney K. Evans, U. S. N ......................... Annapolis, Md.
John Dominique LaMothe ......................... Baltimore, M('..
Benjamin B. Lovett .............................. Baltimore, Md.
Jacob M. Gillum ................................. Baltimore, Md.

Prize of $20.00 offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College
for the best Original Oration.
E. R. Custis.
Prize of Gold Medal a,warded by tho Alumni Association of St. John's
for General Excellence.
Francis J. Lloyd, Jr.
Prize of $25.00 given by Rev. James M. Magruder, D.D., for best essay on
Colonial History of Maryland.
Lawrence W. Hecht.
Prize of Set of Books given by Walter H. Hart, Esq., of Annapolis, to
member of Freshman Class most distingui8hed in
English Composition.
Samuel P. Schill~g.
Prize of Gold Medal to tha,t member of SenJor Class who has attained
the Highest Average in Academic Work.
Francis J. Lloyd, Jr.
The Philo Sherman Bennett Prize of $215.00 for best Essay on
The Principles -0f Free Government.
Raymond S. Hyson.
Prize of Gold Medal given by the President of the College to that member
of the Junior Class who gains the first p)aee in the
Oratorical Contest of that Class.
Franklin C. Hall.
'
Awarding of Silver Cup presented by Professor Hazard to Color Company.
Company B.

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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1842&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1852&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1856-1857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1870&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1878&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;

�sADDRESS
TO THE ALUMNI OF

ST. tTOHN'S COLLEGE,
ANNAPOLIS,

MARYLAND,

-ON-

COMMENCEMENT

DAY,

:f"'CT'NE 3 0 t h , l.SSO,

-BY-

JAMES M. GARNETT, M.A., LL.D.,
Principal of ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

Published by request of the Soci ety of the Alumni.

ANNAPOLIS:

L. F . COLTON &amp;

co.,

1880.

PRINTERS.

�ADDRESS.
Before bidding good-bye to the youngest Alumni, I desire, in view of the present circumstances of the College,
to say a few words to the older Alumni, and to put the
situation plainly before them, for now more than ever is
their a~sistance needed in assuring the future of their
Alma Mater.
If time permitted, it would be interesting to review the
history of collegiate education in the State, and to note
the efforts made to procure, and still more to retain, State
support for it, although it is a history of repeated failures
and but partial success.· I shall, however, allude but
briefly to the attempts made to establish a college in
Maryland before this time-honored institution was chartered,* and shall narrate its history in as few words as
possible.
The first legislative action of which we have record
with regard to education was that taken by the General
Assembly convened in the city of St. Mary's in 1671,
when an Act was passed by the Upper House £or ".found-:
ing and erecting a school or college for the. education of
youth in learning and virtue." This was returned by the
Lower House with certain amendments providing for differences in religious views existing among th.e people,
which amendments were not acceptable to the Upper
*Th e historical facts r elating to education in Maryland previous to the charter
of St. John's Colleg&lt;o (1784) were taken originally from a manuscript document
on file in the U. S. Bureau of Education, and were included in an address on
"The Past and Present of Edu cation in Maryland," delivered by the pre~ent
writer before the Maryland State Teachers' Assoeiation, at Hagerstown, Aug.
27, 1873, and in "A. Brief Historical Sketch" prefixed to the Catalogue of Graduates and Alumni of St. J;ohn's College, published in 1874. The facts relating to
the history of the College have been frequently published, ana especia.lly in two
appeals to the people of Maryland by the Visitors and Governors of the College,
one publishe&lt;l ii::t August, 1868, and the other in November, 1870, and in the
Reports of the Principal of the College to the General Assembly of 1868 and to
that of 1878.
I

�4
House, and thus ended the first well-meant effort for the
establighment of a school or college in the Province of
Maryland.
Passing over the message of Gov. Nicholson of 1694,
and th!3 Act of 1696, we come to the establishment under
that Act of the King Williarn School, noted. as the Alma
Mater of many distinguished men, and especially of the
celebrated lawyer and statesman, William Pinkney. This
~chool was opened in 1701 and eighty-five years later was
mcorporated with St. John's Oollege. The next importan.t record relating to collegiate education is ~ paper,
sa1d to be still in the Ex~cutive Department, entitled "Proposals for founding a. College at Annapolis,"
and dated 1732, whieh was read in the Upper House and
recommended to the consideration of the Lower House of
A,ssemhly. The author of the paper laments "the great
want of some well-ni?gulated seminary for the propagation
of polite and useful learning , in this large and. growing
-colony," and urges the project "that gentlemen may be
under no necessity of sending their sons at great expense
to Europe for education," and that native teachers may
'be educated, "it not being worth the while of men of
genius te come from England to teach for the precarious
stipends provided.''
The plan was a very liberal and comprehensive one, at
a , time too when Harvard College in Massachusetts, and
\Villiam and Mary College in Virginia, were the only collegiate institutions in this country ; but the General Assembly seems to have neglected to perfect the requisite
legislation, and so this second attempt to establish a college in Maryland failed.
We do mt find the project of establishing a colleae
revived untill763, when a Report to the General Asse;ibly says:

5
"Your committee are of opinion that the house in the
City of .Annapolis which was intended for the Governor
&lt;&gt;f this Province, be completely finished and used for the
·college proposed to be established." This house is the
building in which we are now assembled, begun in 1746
and intended for Gov. Bladen, but from remaining long
'unfinished known to local history as "Bladen's Folly."
The expenses 'of the college were to be defrayed out of
the Public Treasury, and among other estimated resources
were a tax on licenses and a tax on bachelors-from 5 to
20 shillings apiece. The Report was adopted and an Act
passed in the Lower House, but it failed in the Upper
House, and we are told that, after a lengthy and acrimonious discussion, with several messages from one House to
the other without producing harmony of sentiment, the
AsRembly was finally prorogued, and so this third effort
met with the fate of its predecessors.
But the intention of establishing a college at Annapolis was not abandoned, for we have a letter, dated Oct. 4,
1773, from William Eddis, Surveyor of Customs at Annapolis, to a friend in England, stating that "the Legislature bas determined to found a college for the education
of youth in ev,ery liberal an~ useful br:;tnch of scienc~,
which will precmde the necess1ty of crossmg the Atlantic
for the completion of a classical and polite education,"
and that it had been determined to finish the building on
the banks of the Severn formerly designed for the Gover·
nor's mansion, and to apply it to the purposes of collegiate educatioJl. ·
The Revolutionary War interfered with the immediate
fulfillment of this wis~ plan, but in 1782 ·washington
College, at Chestertown, was chartered, the Pr~amble to
the Act stating "that previous attempts had failed because
.of the difficulty of fixing a sibation on either shore of
€qual convenience to youth of both shores, and it was

�I
6
therefore desirable that the inhabitants of each shore
should consult their own convenience in founding a college
for th~mselv~s:" This Act was soon followed by that of
1784, contammg the charter of St. John's College, and
t~e two colleges were declared one university under the
title o~ "The l!niv.e rsity of Maryland,'' but this provision
was never earned mto effect and was afterwards repealed.
After repe~ted a~.tempts and failures,, we see two colleges
at l~st established m the State and provision made by the
Legislature for. their s~pport. Would that this provision
~ad bee~ ?ontmued With the same liberality with which
1t ';as ~ngrnally granted! The history of collegiate education .m Maryland might then have been very different,
and this appeal to the Alumni of St. John's College would
have been unnecessary.
The ~barter of this College is a most comprehensive one.
It provides that the College "shall be founded and maintained forever upon a most liberal plan, for the benefit of
yout? of every religious denomination, who shall be freely
admitted to equal privileges and advantages of education
an~ to all. the .literary honors of the College, according to
th~Ir. ment, ';;thout requiring or enforcing a~y civil or
rehgwus .test.
Oould any legal provision be wider, or
appeal With surer confidence to all classes of citizens ?
More.over, the subscriptions already obtained were made
the L~sis for e~tendi~g legislative support, and authority
_was giVen for mcreasmg them by appointing, in the charter, the Rev. Mr. John Carroll, the R'jv, William Smith
and P~trick .Allison, clergymen respectively of the Roman
Ca~~o~IC, Episcop~l ~nd Presbyterian churches, ,;agents for
sohc1tmg and receivmg subscriptiG&gt;ns and contributions for
~he said intended College and Seminary of universallearnmg of any per~o~ or persons, bodies politic and corporate,
who may be w11lmg to promote so go?d a design;" and it
was further enacted that "to provide a permanent fund for

7
the further encouragement and establishment of the said
College, the sum of 1750£ current money be annually
and forever hereafter given and granted by the public for
the use of the said College.'' .
The sum of $32,000 was obtained by subscription fro!:fi
about two hundred imd fifty citizens of the State, among
whom we find the names of Carroll, Chase, Stone, Martin,
Dgle, Howard, Harrison, Paca, Clagett, Plater, ;Bowie,
Barnes, Key, Henry, Weems, Gantt, Magruder, Chapman
and others.
The first meeting of the Board of Visitors and Governors was held Feb. 28th, 1786, and on the following day
Annapolis was selected as the place for the location of the
College, Annapolis and Upper Marlboro' being the only
places voted for, and thus this building and four acres of
land attached were obtained as a donation from' the State
under the terms of the charter. On the 11th of November, 1789, the College was opened with imposing ceremonies of dedication and all due solemnity, and we are told
that "all the public bodies were in attendance and formed
a long procession from the State House to the College
H all." The first commencement took place in 1793 and
from that time until 1806 we have lists of graduates for
almost every year. Among the students during this period
are found those who were afterwards members of the U, S.
Senate and Hous.e of Representatives, Governors of th'e
State, members of the Executive Council, Judges of the
Court of Appeals, Circuit and other State Courts, and not
·only s0ns of Maryland, but of her sister States also.
How then was this career of prosperity interrupted ? ·
By the violation ·of plighted faith on the part of the State.
By an Act passed J auuary 1, 1806, by a majority of eight,
the State's donation was withdrawn, and a resolution immediately introduced to restore :1 portion of tile annuity
fail ed by one vote. Whatever were the causes which led

�8
to this action of the Legislature, Francis S. Key, in hi&amp;
oration before the Alumni, Feb. 22, 1827, referring to it
says : "l undertake, however, to deny that there has been
any fair expression of the sense of the people of Maryland
upon the subject. At the unfortunate _reriod to which I
refer, when the brightest ornament Df the State was cast.
away from her protection, it was not the voice of the
people but the strife of party by which it fell."-"As the '
people at large seldom saw it o~ heard of it, and a grea;t
proportion of them, from their situation, felt no immediateinterest in its continuance, it was thought that the saving:
of the funds could be called economy, and that the many
who were to be flattered would be pleased with the destruction of what appeared to be only for the benefit of th€7
few."-"Each party caught at the advantage to be gained
by the apparent popularity of the measme, and the reaL
interests and honor of the Btate were sacrificed by each."
Might we not say that history repeats itself after the lapse
of three-quarters of a century?
,
In consequence of this action of the Legislature the
College was temporarily suspended, and there is a blarak
in its list of graduates until 1810, when the oldest living:
alumnus of the College received his degree, the vene.rable
Dr. John Ridout, who still lives to exert his influence in
·behalf of the College as a member of the Board of Visitors and Governors. In 1811 oae thousand dollars of the
annuity were restored, but the College €Ontinued to languish until 1821, when a lottery granted by Act of Legislature added $20,000 to its funds. In the next year the·
names of graduates reappear, one of whom was the Hon.
Alex. Randall, Chairman of the Executive Committee,
w_ ose unceasing devotion to the interests of tbe College is
h
continually illustrated by his earnest efforts to. promote its.
welfare.

9.
In the year 1832, in response to an urgent memorial of
the Board of Visitors and Governors, reciting briefly the
history of the College, and calling the attention of the
General Assembly to the decision of the Supreme Court
of the United States in the case of Dartmouth College, in
which the Acts of the New Hampshire Legislature w~re
declared to· be "repugnant to the Constitution of the U nitedt
States and so not valid,"-the Legislature restored two·
thousand dollars more of the annuity but coupled it with
the condition that this should be received "in full satisfaction of all legal and equitable. claims the College might
have or be supposed to have against the State." ~he
arrearages of the College annuity amoun.ted at tha.t time·
to over $100,000, and in order to obtam any assistance·
at all from the Sta.te the College was required to relinquish
this amount and accept the meagre sum of three thousand
dollars per annum in full of all legal and equita?le dai~s.
Here was might vs. right. There is no question t~at If,.
at any time between 1819, when t~e Dartmouth College
decision was rendered, and 1832, smt had been brought,.
the full amount. of the arrearages might have been recovered but in defence of the Board of Visitors and Gover'
nors it may be said that "they believed their rights were·
entirely in the power of the State and without any means.
of being enforced " so "the deed of release was executed
and E:ntered upon ' the records of the Court of Appeals. " ·
The resolution restoring two thousand dollars of t}1e
annuity provided that the Governor of the State, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Delegates, ana
Judges of the Court of Appeals, should be ex officio members of the Board of Visitors and Governors, and a c0m- ··
mittee was appointed to visit the College, which reported;
at the December Session, 1833, as follows:
"The prosperity of St. J ohn's College is deemed a subject of great importance, so that the youth from every

�10
portion of the two great divisions of the State may convene with the well-grounded assurance of being able to
acquire a liberal education and at the same time consummate the patriotic anticipations of the charter." "It is
believed in no way can this [object] be so well realized as
by sustaining on a liberal scale a seminary of learning at
the seat of legislation." The committee recommend raising money by subscription, which was undertaken, and
through the exertions of the late Rev. Dr. Hector Humphreys, Principal of the College, the sum of $11,000 was
·collected, which was applied in the erection of Humphreys
Hall. The corner-stone of this building was laid on the
18th of June, 1835, by the presiding Judge of the Court
of Appeals, and an address was delivered by Chancellor
Johnson. On this subscription list we find the names of
Bowie, Thomas, Magruder, Mackubin, Brewer, Randall,
Alexander, Chase, Dorsey, Goldsborough, Murray, Key,
Carroll, Merrick and others. It was the whole State
which joined in contributing to the support of St. J ohn'q
College and increasing the facilities for educating the sons
·of Maryland within her own borders. From this time on
the College continued to graduate students until the beginnecessarily closed.
ning of the late war when its doors were •
But the Board of Visitors and Governors could not rest
satisfied with the arbitrary settlement made with the State
-in 1832, by which advantage was taken of their unfortunate condition to legalize apparently the supposed illegal
Act of 1805, and consid.eringtoo that, under the terms of
the charter itself, their predecessors had transcended their
powers* and had no right to give the release required,•:The sixteenth section of the charter, which was relied on to sustain this view,
reads as follows:
"But in case at any time hereafter, through oversight or otherwise throu gh
misapprehensions and mistalcen constructions of the powers, liberties and franchises, in this charter or act of incorporation granted or intended to be gt·anted,
a n y ordinance should be made by the said Corporation of Visitors and Governors
or any matters. don e a nd transacted by the CorporatiOn contrary to the tenor
thereof, it is e;,:tcted that, although all such ordinances, acts and 'doings shall, in

�12
of justice, the General Assembly appropriated to the support of the College the sum of $12,000 annYally for five·
years from June 1, 1868-a sum which. with the former
$3,000, did not equal the interest on· the amount claimed
as. d~e to the College-and in consequence of this appropnatwn the appeal was abandoned.
·
This, :hen, is the history of the appropriation of $12,000: which was reluctantly renewed for six years by the
Legislature of 1872, and still more reluctantly for two
years by that of 1878, and which the recent Legislature
re:used to con~inue _any longer. This was the appropriation upon whiCh, With the $3,000 already mentioned, the·
College was dependent for support, and in return for which,.
when first received, the Visitors and Governors established
o.ne hundred and fifty scholarships for tuition, a:ssigning
s1~ t~ each Senatorial District in the State. This appropnahon, moreover, was not connected with the subsequent.
appropriation of $10,000 by the Legislature of 1 872:~
reduced to $5,200 by that of 1878, for furnishing board\
to two stude:pts (now one student), from each SenatoriaL
District on condition that they teach two years within the·
State, except in se far as the latter appropriation applied'
to students who held scholarships for tuition under the
former appropriation.
Whatever may have influenced the action of the lateLegislature, it iB not now pertinent to inquire. Doubtless
a false idea of economy influenced some, and perhaps personal motives influenced others, but if we look around andi
inquire what other States are doing for their institutions
of learning, we shall find that liberal appropriations are
made from the State Treasury for their support. Some
even go so far as to impose a special tax on the assessed
value of property ·n the State for their leading college or
university. It is not considered economy to restrict these
institutions, and force those who desire a collegiate educa-

13
tion to take their money out of the State which theywould willingly spend within it, but it is found profitable·
even to attract students from other States.
But, there is no use crying over the past, and the question is, what are you going to do about it? The Collegeis shut up now to rely upon its present small appropriation.
and the exertions of its Board of Visitors, its Faculty andi
its Alumni, but with harmony of action between these three
bodies, much may be accomplished. 'l'he recent action of
the Faculty of the University of Missouri may furnish an
example worthy of imitation, who, at the request of the·
Board of Curators, "promised hearty co-operation in the
effort to build up and make known the State University,"
distributed awong themselves the several Congressional
Districts of the State, and agreed to visit them and present
the claims of the University. The future Faculty of this
College may well apportion the Congressional Districts
and visit them to present the wants and claims of the·
College-to speak publicly in its behalf, if the opportunity
presents; if not, to make known privately its condition:
and necessities, and try to enlist the interest and support
of the people of the State-to induce them to imitate·
their ancestors by liberal subscriptions, or at least to send
their sons to be educated here.
It is well to rewember that, with the numerous and.
well equipped colleges of adjoining States, with the·
wealthy instit ution in the City of Baltimore, strong in.
the nur~ber .and ability of its instructors, and in the
appliances for . instruction, and giving · both collegiate
and university education-many students may not re~
main here long enough to obtain degrees. I t is manifest that the system of board and tuition scholarshipshas for some years furnishect the majority of the graduates,.
and, if not repealed, will continue to furnish a few each
year, but while the State is perfectly able to maintain it.

�14
),',

15

:·as a system of prizes for the best scholars from the schools
·1n each Senatorial District, strong objections have been
:.made to it, and another Legislature may repeal it too.
It is an unfortunate thing for a literary institution to be
· dependent upon the caprices of any legislative body.
But it is well to remember also that thorough preparation
'for higher instruction is very much needed in the State.
.Even for our great University, instruction extending at
least through the Sophomore year of an• ordinary college
:is required, and there is no reason why the preparatory and
:}ower collegiate classes of this College should not be filled to
o verflowing. An institution furnishing such preparation
is a great desideratum. There is room for it, and a wide
field of usefulness is open before it. The higher instruction corresponding to the course of the Junior and Senior
_
years should be retained'· for those who preferred to remain
:here and obtain their degrees-for local circumstances,
.Jamily ties, and ~he schol$-rship system (as long as it lasts,)
·will furnish some-but the course should be modified to
. suit the number and labors of the Faculty employed. Moreover, the retention of this course will furnish a stimulus
. ,to the lower classes, and will pr2serve the scholastic tradition, always strong in an old institution of learning.
. Sentiment and rrwerence for the past is not to be disTegarded, for it has a powerful effect upon the future.
But to bri.ng the College before the people, the present
l 1elp of the Alumni _s needed. Each Alumnus can be a ceni
..tre of influence in his neighborhood or in his county. He ~-can visit the men of means and get subscriptions. I
.notice that one object of_ the Society of the Alumni of
Georgetown College, specified in its Constitution, is ''to
seek to obtain donations and endowments, and to secure
for the College the most favorable legislation," and why
. should not that be an object of the Society of Alumni of
.t his College? The older A.l)lmni can give their money and

their sons. It is a notable fact that nearly all the tuition.
money the College receives comes from Annapolis, and
the bulk of that from Alumni of the College. Theyounger Alumni, of whom a goodly number has been
turned out in the last thirteen years, and who owe all the
education they. have to this College, can give their time
and their energies in its behalf, can make known its ad.~
vantages and induce others to support it. Cast your eyes
around this hall and witness the seventy-five names in,..
scribed on these shields of its graduates during the past
ten years. These names are the silent representatives of
numbers of others who completed here their collegiate
education and left without reaching graduation.
The young Alumni of the College are scattered through
every county in the State, and if they will go to
work in their counties and work persistently, I believe
that at least a thousand dollars could be easily 1~aised
in each county and much more in the City of Baltimore~
I cannot believe that the appropriation would have
failed if all the Alumni, both old and young, had used
the influence they possessed wi~h the Delegates from
their counties. The Alumni as a body have never felt
called upon before to go to work . in earnest and lend
their aid in building up the College. It is true, meeting~
have been held on Commencement Day, speeches made~
and committees appointed to seU:d out circulars which met
no response, but this is not work.
A Board of Visitors and a Faculty cannot do every ~
thing. If the former discharge faithfully the duties of
supervision and watch scrupulously ovel' the finances, and
the latter fulfill efficiently the duties of administration and
instruction with which they are charged, they are accom.plishing the objects for which they are appointed. ':l_1he
reputation of a College must, after all, rest upon the fidelity and efficiency with which these duties are discharged ~

�I __

16
•upon the exce~lence of its nnt~rnal administration and the
thoroughness of ite1 instructivn. If the Faculty fulfill these
·duties satisfactorily, it is as much as can ordinarily he
·e xpected of them, hut in an emergency, such as has now
arisen here, .they must labor more diligent] y outside of the
&lt;College, and in this they must be helped ·by the Alumni
who have affection for their Alma Mater and will work ener:getically to increase her means and facilities for instruction.
The suggestions made, if approved, can be acted upon,
:and your own wisdom can arrange the necessary details
·for carrying them into effect. But the point to be kept
·in view is to bring the College more prominently before
the people as a place of education for the whole State, to
·interest them in it, and evincing your own interest in a
practical manner will inevitably awaken the interest of
others. If people see that the Alumni and friends of the
·College, ncvw in its time of need, make no effort in its behalf, they will naturally fetl no interest in it and will
•send their sons to more favored institutions. But if a
strong and combined effort by Visitors, Faculty and
Alumni is made to obtain money and students for the
·College, it must tell, and the failure of the appropriation
may not be such a severe blow after all, and will not be,
·if it awakens this renewed interest on the part of friends
- nd Alumni, and results in putting the College on a firmer
a
basis. The men tu,r ned out hy a college are the best
testimony to its value and to the quality of its work-not
·all, for unfortunately aH do mot take advantage of the
opportunities presented to the·m -but if those who do and
who hold the imprim11.,iur of •
the ·eollege for work faithfully done, take their stand along side of other men in
active life, in the ·church, on the be• ch, at the bar, in the
n
.sick-room, school-.roo:m, ·counting-room or work-shop, .a nd
hold their own amo:mg the first, the world will ask no better tes~imony dio .tJ:~&lt;e 'tr.aini!{g th~y .hav.e received.
.
/

17
Therefore, my young friends, t(} you I would address . a
~few parting words. Yoa ihlave lahore~ through. your three,
..r
five years course and have JUSt receiVed the relOur, or
'
hl
'f 't
ward of your labors. But that diploma. is wort ess 1 :
·does not represent this ·diligent labor, this power of .a~~hthis training of the mind to intellectual acqUisition
t.
.ca IOn,
.
'Z • • •
d t
which must go with you through hfe. Tms It IS, an ~o
&lt; meagre attainments in any branch of knowledge whiCh
the
you may have made • that must gauge the value of your
· d
t
ains w1ilst here. If you can use your mm s so as o
get from them their best work, if you can turn them at
to any mental effort and show some
result of
h effort your stay ihere has not been m vam. And
sue '
'
l d t d
while prizing highly the pG&gt;wer to gain know e ge, .o evelop thought, and to benefit mankind by the .exercise of
:thought, forget not that more important ~xerCise of your
moral na t ure, Which you heard so forCibly presented 1a
·
iew evenings since, and -rhich must go on unconscious y
·whether yon will or no-the development o~ characte:.
Of this more certain'l y than of me.ntal. acq~uem,~nts IS
our motto strictly true-"nulla d~es sme _hnea.
unconsciously made often develop mto consciOus
.acts of good or evil. Guard well then the avenues of th.e
heart and leave no way open for the entrance of e~Il
.
.
Strength of character will be your best aid
~ ImpreSSIOnS.
·• .
·to success in life. Self-reliaRce is rrecessary, but there .Is
.
'd difference between -self-reliance and self-conceit.
.a Wl e
f . d h. h
The former is consistent with true hnmili~y o mi.n· , w lC
. ks strength for even the ordinary duties of hfe from a
.see
.
k · · lf
d
Power hiaher than serf. T;Jue latte;r is wea Ill Itse al)
is alway: an index of weaknes~ of char~cter. Let r~al
•strength of character ibe your aullil., and m whatev~r Clr..cumstances you are placed, r eed your Alma M~ter s adh
monition, "quit yourselves like men, be strong, . and rest
.
ever attend you. In her
.as sure.d that her iblessing wiilQ •
,name I bid you :a heariifelt Godspeed.

;ill

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                  <text>Addresses given at commencement and programs of events related to, and including, the annual commencement ceremonies at St. John's College. Includes both the undergraduate and Graduate Institute commencements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The College Archives holds programs and/or addresses for the following years:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1842&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1852&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1856-1857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1870&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1878&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1880&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1890&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1893&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1895&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1897&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1907&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1910-1918&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1920-1924&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1928-1929&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1932&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Click on &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a title="Commencement Programs and Addresses" href="http://digitalarchives.sjc.edu/items/browse?collection=18&amp;amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&amp;amp;sort_dir=d"&gt;Items in the Commencement Programs and Addresses Collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to view and sort all items in the collection.</text>
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                <text>Address to the Alumni of St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland, on Commencement Day, June 30th, 1880, by James M. Garnett, M.A., LL.D., Principal of St. John's College.  Published by request of the Society of the Alumni.</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                    <text>�('JJ!llmmi:Hu•
Senior Promenade
Robert Otis Jones, Chairman
Dunlevy Courtney Downs
Joseph Dent Hungerford
Arthur Brenner Jacques
James Carlyle Miller
Class Shield
Gabriel Thornton Mackenzie, Chairman
Harry Joseph Sel'by
James Thomas Duke

F'red Bielaski

Commencement Invitation
Charles Lester Hartsock, Chairman
William Francis Stromeyer

OJ:l11tS!'!li' ®ffi.cJtrg
President-JAMES THOMAS DUKE
Vice-President--HARRY JAMES ANDREW
Treasurer- ROBERT OTIS JONES
Secretary-JACOB MYERS

PEARCE
ARTHUR BRENNER JACQUES
Sergeant-at-Arms-LEA ALVIN DARLEY

Historian-

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�FRED BIELASKI ........................... . ..........••..•..•...• . •• ANNAPOLIS,
THOMAS EUGENE BOURKE ....................•........•.... •• ... . SEVERNA PARK,
HARRY HUBERT BOWERS ...... . .... . ...... .. ............... . ...•.... FREDERICK,
JAMES HAMILTON BROWN BRASHEARS ........ . .. ..........• ... . .... ANNAPOLIS,
LEA ALVIN DARLEY ........ ....... .. . . . .. .................. . .... . •.. BALTIMORE,
DUNLEVY COURTNEY DOWNS ... . .. ....•.. • .... .... .. .• .. . . . ....•.•.. ANNAPOLIS,
GEORGE ElWELL DRYDEN ..............•. ... . ....... .. ...... .• . ..... SNOW HILL,
JAMES THOMAS DUKE . . ...... ..... . ..•....... ....... .. . .. .... ....... MORGANZA,
LORRAINE DOUGLAS FIIDLDS ......... . . . .. ...... ; ... ... ...........•. PIKESVILLE,
CHARLES LESTER HARTSOCK ..... . ....... . ........... . .....• . .•... CUMBERLAND.
JOHN IRVIN HEISE . .. .......•••.•.. ... ..•..............• • . . . • ... .. .. BALTIMORID,
JOSEPH DENT HUNGERFORD •••... .. .• •........•..•...••. . ...•. MARSHALL HALL,
FREDERICK WESTON HYDE ••.... .. ........ . . .......... ...• .• .• . .•.. ANNAPOLIS,
ARTHUR BRENNER JACQUES ....•.... ...... .. .......... . .......••.. SMITHSBURG,
ROBERT OTIS JONES .... ........ ..... .. . ..•....•...•. .•.. .. ......... BALTIMORE,
THOMAS WATKINS LIGON ............•.. . •. ... . • ..•..• • •....• .. . ELLICOTT CITY,
GABRIEL THORNTON MACKENZIE .. . ...••.•...... • .•.•.•.... ... . .•. HAGERSTOWN,
CHAUNCEY ST. CLAIRE McNEILL .. • .••• . .• . ••..••••• • •..· .•..••.• .... ANNAPOLIS,
LUTHER THOMAS MILES, JR. •••••••... . .•••.•••• • .••••• • •••••• . MARION STATION,
JAMES CARLYLE MILLER .•.••.• • . • •• • • •. .••.•• •• ••• ••• ••••••••••••. BALTIMORE,
JACOB MYERS PEARCE, JR .....•.••.•••• • • . •..•••.•••••••. • • . ••• •• ..... MONKTON,
HIRAM FRANKLIN PLUMMER ••••••.•••..•••.••..••••••••• ••• •••.• . PORTSMOUTH,
HARRY JOSEPH SE-LBY . ..........• • .••..•...•.••••..•.••••• • ••.•• ••• ..... IVORY,
WILLIAM FRANCIS STROME-YER •••••.. •••• ••••••.•••.•••••••• •••. ••• ANNAPOLIS,
ABRAM WRIGHT WILLIAMS ••••••••••••• •• • •• • •••••.••••••• • • PRINCE FREDERICK,

MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
MD.
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MD.
MD.
MD.
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�0
THURSDAY,

JUNE 15

8:00 P.M.-Junior Oratorical Contest.

FRIDAY,

JUNE 16

6.00' P . M.-Dress Parade.
8.00 P.M.-St. John's Dramatic Club.

"Fun in a Flat."

SATURDAY,

JUNE 17 11.00 A. M.-Senior Oratorical Contest.
8.00 P. M.-Interfraternity Dance. Phi Sigma Kappa
and Kappa Alpha Fraternities.

SUNDAY,

JUNE 18 11.00 A.M.-Baccalaureate Sermon, at St. Anne's Church
by RIGHT REVEREND LEWIS W. BURTON,
Bishop of Lexington, Kentucky.

�MONDAY,

TUESDAY,

0

JUNE 19

6.00 P . M.-Dress Parade.
8.00 P . M.-Annual Debate Between Representatives of
the Philomathean and Philokaiion Societies.

JUNE 20 10.30' A. M.-Class Exercises in McDowell Hall.
3.00 P . M.-Baseball Game Between Students and Alumni.
8.,00 P.M.-Farewell Ball.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 21 10.30 A. M.-Graduation Exercises.
1.00 P.M.-Luncheon in Randall Hall.
2.30 P . M.-Annual Meeting of the Alumni in McDowell
Hall.
9.00 P . M.-Senior Promenade and Reception at Carvel
Hall.

��ST. ,Tohns College Grace
Re~edic,

Domine, nos et haec tua dona , quae de

tua bonitate sumus sumpturi.
Per Christum

...

Domin~

nostrum. Amen

�Wf1t Jrtnihtttt auh 1ITarulty
nf

i\uunpnlis. illllb.
ARRANGEMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE FOR ENTER TAINING

ALUMNI AT

THE

WHERE, DURING THIS
QUESTED THAT THOSE

COLLEGE, OR

PERIOD
WHO

AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THIS
SEND THEIR NAMES TO PROF .
SHORT TIME IN ADVANCE

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AND
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IT

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1916

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l'S&gt;rninr (!Jla11s.
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Alumni.
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31111dhmihay. 31une 21st.
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11.Ull A. !llil. i!1arralaurratr l'S&gt;rrmnn. at B&gt;t. Annr'11
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m. Annmtl illllrrting nf tl)r Alumni in

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&lt;li&gt;1895&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1920-1924&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1928-1929&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1932&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>---.H'M.

~lnt~.sttay,

~tttt-e

26th, 1$ 90.

'YWV"-

�7HO:R.S2'J.Yl

T~

JC.iY.E 26111, 10:30 A . .M.

ORDER OF EXERCISES.
SCRIPTURE AND PRAYER.
MUSIC.
8A LU 'l'A'l'ORY ADDRESS,
}
EssAY,
SECURITY OF OFR GOVERNMEN T.

John T . Truitt, Pittsville, l\!Id.

MUSIC.
\VEB'l'WARn, THE CouRsE O"F}
EMPIRE TAKES ITS WAY.

1\II. T. Johnston, Easton, l\!Id'

MUSIC.

JohnS. Newman, ·woodsboro', l\!Id.

PRE-HIS'l'ORI C lVIAN.

MUSIC.
E. lVI. Hays, Goshen, N.J.

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE.

MUSIC.

EssAY:
EDUCA'l'lON,A FA CTOR IN
CIVILIZATION.
.
VALEDICTORY Ar&gt;DRESS.

f

A. K. McGraw, Sharpsburg, l\!Id .

MUSIC .

f!WaFding (!eFtiHcates or Distinctio11.
MUSIC .

ADDRESS TO GRADUATING GLAS8.
BENEDICT I 0 N.

�"~· kJe~Fees

to be ConfeFJ:!ed at the Commencement on
T Hll:ltS7)."'1!1..

r,

1890.

Jl/.JI/.E' 26/hJ

GE.A.:D"'tTATE

·~·

:DEGEEES-

BACHELOR OF An'rs .

Engene JVL Hays.

Chas. C. Marbury,

Goshen, N . J .

··w. A.
·

Croom, Md.

Hitchcock,

John T. Truitt,

Baltimore, Md.

.Pittsville, Md .
BACHELOR oF SciENCE.

A. K. McGraw,

John S.

8harpsburg-, Md .

Newman~

Woodsboro, Md.
BACHELOR OF LETTERS.

J . Fred. Adams,

J. A. Nydegger,

Kingston, Md.

Oakland, Md.

B. Vernon Cissel,

T. Ross Payne,

Highland, Md

Blacl' Horse, Md.

Eugene W. Heyde ,

Jesse H. Ramsburg,

Baltimore, Md.

Frederick, Md.

M. B. Freeman,

M . T . Johnston,

Bryantown, Md.

Eastor.., Md .

MASTER OF ARTS.

Edward. J. Clarke,

Rev . Leighton Parks,

Washington College, Md.

Boston, Mass . .
Do c TOR OF DIVIKITY.

Rev . Theodore C. Gam brall,

Rev. R. H. Williams,
Annapolis, Md .

Maryland.
Doc TOR oF LAws .

Hon. James Wilton Brooks,
N ew York .

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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1842&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1852&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1856-1857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1870&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1878&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1880&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1890&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1893&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1895&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1897&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1907&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1910-1918&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1920-1924&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1928-1929&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1932&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>Goings and Comings
Graduate Institute Commencement Address
St. John’s College
August 4, 2017
William Pastille
“Every limit,” writes George Eliot near the end of Middlemarch, “is a beginning as well as
an ending.”
We come here today to mark a limit in the lives of you who are graduating—the limit
of your time in our halls.
Ceremonies like this are called “commencements,” even though they occur at the close
of study, because this ending, the ending of studenthood, coincides with the beginning of
a new life, the beginning of a new adventure.
That, at least, is the conventional explanation. Scholars, of course, who can’t seem to
abide the conventional, have tracked the historical source of the term “commencement”
down to a medieval ceremony called the Inceptio. This event was a formal induction into
the teachers’ guild, for which studenthood was the required apprenticeship. With the passage of time and changes in society, the original purpose of the ceremony was forgotten,
and its name was replaced by its English equivalent, Commencement. At its inception, then,
the Inceptio was all about beginnings and not all about endings.
Well, you can pretty much count on scholars to evaporate poetic truth. Whatever the
mundane antecedent of today’s ceremonies may have been, the poetic truth about commencements is that they are Janus-headed, one face looking toward student life in the past,
the other looking toward a new life in the future.
This truth is poetic because commencements, infused with wistfulness for what is past
and expectation for what is to come, are figures—not figures of speech but figures of life—
prefiguring something more universal, namely, that every moment, every Now, is also Janus-headed, both an ending and a beginning, both a going and a coming, both wistful and
expectant.
St. Augustine underlines this doubleness of the Now in the Confessions, in the section
on memory, where he writes about the experience of reciting a psalm. Every word of the
text stands before us in the future, enters into the Now as we speak it, and retires into the
past as the next word rises up. The eternal Now sits unmoving and attentive at the intersection of the goings and the comings, occupying the space in which they meet.
If commencements, then, are two-faced, like every Now, why do we name them after
the Janus face that looks toward the future rather than the one that looks toward the past?
The answer is obvious enough. If we called them “cessations” or “culminations,” we
would call attention to what is about to pass away and risk lingering on the emotions that
naturally attend the experience of loss. And why would we want to do that? These events
are not funerals.

1

�Nevertheless, at the risk of provoking sentimental nostalgia, that is exactly what I propose to do now: focus on what is passing away. Why? Because the past you share is full of
exceptional distinctions and achievements that deserve commemoration and a proper estimate of their worth.
So, I begin with a distinction you shared long before you joined us. You are book lovers.
Most people don’t care about books. Most people never have. You were already singled by
sharing this trait before you came to us.
Then, by joining this community, you singled yourself out again. You are not ordinary
book lovers. You are readers, determined readers. You leapt eagerly at these difficult,
sometimes impenetrable, books. You wanted the wisdom they might hold. This is the mark
of genuine readers: they approach books like granaries of wisdom. They try to pry open
hatches and extract seeds of insight. Real readers are seekers after wisdom.
Next, you set about a series of exceptional labors. You raided the book-granaries and
hauled off sacks and sacks of seeds. You learned to blow open the hatches by asking and
dwelling on questions—and then learned how to ask better questions that go nearer the
heart of things, where the greatest satisfactions are most likely to be found. In the process,
you struck up lasting friendships with the spirits of some of our long-dead authors—permanent friendships that will stand you in good stead as the vicissitudes of life deprive you
of other friendships.
And finally, most exceptional of all, you discovered the master key that unlocks all the
book-granaries. For most of them are locked, as Socrates tells us.
In the Phaedrus, Socrates claims that written documents are singularly uncommunicative. Partly, this is because they are static; if you question them, they always give the same
response. Partly, it is because they cannot attend to the character or the needs of the reader.
And partly, it is because the author is not present to defend his words or to correct his
errors.
So, Socrates concludes that writing is not a serious occupation, but at best a playful art
of note-taking that produces reminders of what an author once thought.
Far more important for seekers, he says, is dialectic—living conversation in which
seeds of wisdom can be sown into the participants’ souls, where they may someday grow
to nourish both mind and heart.
It is high irony that we encounter this critique of writing in a text. This points up Plato’s
extraordinary way of writing that overcomes the usual limitations of the written word, a
way that does sow seeds of wisdom in the souls of readers by prompting them to engage in
internal dialectic.
The details of Plato’s method—his deployment of unresolvable contradictions, perplexing myths, tantalizing but questionable analogies, and a host of other tricks that push
the reader out of the text into a dialectical self-conversation—that is a subject for a different
speech on a different occasion.
But most books, even great books, do not stimulate dialectic on their own. Most of
them are of the sort that Socrates criticized—static, always responding to questions in the
same way. And because many of the best books are extraordinarily difficult, their unchanging responses are often cryptic. Their granaries remain, for the most part, under lock and
key.
2

�The master key that opens all of them, as you well know, is serious conversation.
Serious conversation—by which I mean the sustained, focused inquiry of a cooperative
group of seekers after wisdom—supplies the necessary dialectic. When we share our perplexities and try out answers, when we interpret, reinterpret, and test interpretations against
one another—in short, when we search together in our classes, we turn the dialectical key
that opens up the stores. We shake out the seeds of wisdom so they can, with any luck, take
root in our souls.
But serious conversation achieves even more than that. It cuts through the usual divisions among us. If, as Aristotle says, all human beings desire to know, then serious conversation sets us all upon equal ground, uniting us in our common role as seekers. Serious
conversation makes it possible for us to have meaningful, civil, respectful, and thoughtful
exchanges about issues that, in unserious conversation, explode into animosity, hatred, and
even violence. And you have learned how to do this.
Summing up, then, your distinctions and achievements:
You are book lovers, and, what is more, genuine readers, which is to say, seekers after
wisdom. You have enhanced your seeking by practicing and honing your command of the
art of questioning. You have created permanent, inspirational friendships with some of the
authors we study. And you have learned how to use serious conversation to scatter seeds
of wisdom and promote mutual understanding.
All in all, as achievements go, this is not too shabby.
So much for the going Janus-face. In the coming direction, however, the scene has no
clear outlines. About your exceptional distinctions and attainments in the future I can make
out less than nothing. The only fairly certain relief is that each of you will apply your
common distinctions and attainments uniquely.
But since the future is malleable, I’d like to encourage you to lead at least part of it in
a common direction. Wherever your futures take you, I urge you all to carry on the practice
of serious conversation.
It is now common wisdom that our society is almost irreparably fractured, that we have
become too self-opinionated and truculent to speak with—or even to want to speak with—
those who hold differing opinions.
But you know this to be false wisdom. Serious conversation is possible. You’ve done
it. You’ve participated in searching—yet sociable and productive—discussions about God,
for God’s sake, and politics too—topics far too combustible for unserious conversation like
cocktail-party chitchat.
Since among your attainments is the art of serious conversation, you can use that skill
to relieve the epidemic of misanthropy and misology as few others can. You can have, or
at least try to have, serious conversations with the people in your lives.
I’m not suggesting that you set up St. John’s-style seminars among your friends and
acquaintances. That’s too far a stretch. I’m encouraging something more spontaneous,
something that can arise during lunch breaks or television commercials or taxi rides.
Such little serious conversations don’t have to last long. Many people can’t sustain
serious conversation for more than a few minutes anyway. These little talks don’t have to
be about books. Most people, as I said, don’t care about books. And Socrates didn’t need
texts to have serious conversations.
3

�But they do have to be serious—that is, directed at the truth about something that matters to the way we understand and lead our lives. Pushing a social conversation a tiny bit
in the direction of universals, just far enough to strain the limits of routine, may make some
seeds scatter. One or two of them might someday take root.
Can this sort of thing make a dent in the wall of animosity? Who knows? You may
inspire others to seek in ways they had not sought before. With enough inspiration, perhaps
attitudes would soften, perhaps the compulsion to be right and to impose that rightness on
others would give way to the milder and healthier compulsion to seek wisdom.
Does this sound hopelessly idealistic?
So what? Change takes time. The Grand Canyon wasn’t cut overnight. It was etched
slowly over eons by the infinitesimal scratchings of innumerable water molecules, each
one effecting next to nothing. Why couldn’t a similar process work to transform the landscape of human nature?
At the very end of Middlemarch, George Eliot sums up the life of her protagonist, Dorothea Brande. In her youth, Dorothea dreamed of transforming society for the benefit of
the less fortunate. A misconceived first marriage and a socially unacceptable second marriage made it impossible for her to realize her youthful dreams. Nevertheless, Eliot judges
that her influence was inestimable. Here is the closing paragraph of the book:
Her finely touched spirit had still its fine issues, though they were not widely visible. Her
full nature, like that river of which Cyrus broke the strength, spent itself in channels which
had no great name on the earth. But the effect of her being on those around her was incalculably diffusive: for the growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts;
and that things are not so ill with you and me as they might have been, is half owing to the
number who lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs.

I quote this not to imply that you should abjure a life of achievement. That would be
foolish to suggest to you, who are already so accomplished. By all means, if you wish,
reach out like Cyrus and bend the world to your will—provided your will inclines toward
truth and love.
But I do say that, in the matter of serious conversation, your influence will mostly go
unnoticed, even by yourselves. It could hardly be otherwise, since the fruits of serious conversation do not ripen in the visible world. And yet, your husbandry may prove to be incalculably diffusive, making things not so ill as they might otherwise be for generations
yet unborn.
And so, I hope you won’t think it too impertinent of me to conclude this farewell-thatis-also-a-greeting by begging of you this simple, but audacious, favor: Please, on occasion,
in all the goings and comings of all the Nows of the rest of your lives, please, spare a
thought for the planting of seeds.

4

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                    <text>“Fit for the World”
Commencement Address, May 2017
St. John’s College in Annapolis
Christopher B. Nelson
Thank you for the honor of the invitation to address you today. The last time I did so, you had no
choice in the matter, as you seniors were just embarking on the four-year adventure of your studies at
the College, while you in the Graduate Institute were just undertaking an exciting extension of your
formal studies. In August of 2013, when most of you arrived, I welcomed you to the Wonderland that is
St. John’s College. Today we send you out into the World, another kind of Wonderland.
Indeed, I have wondered at something Scott Buchanan said nearly 50 years ago about the relationship
between these two worlds. Most of you know that Buchanan was the principal architect of the New
Program of study brought to St. John's College in 1937. That New Program, back when Buchanan was
dean, was in large measure much like the program we enjoy today. Shortly before he died in 1968,
Buchanan was interviewed by his old friend, Harris Wofford. These conversations were collected in a
book entitled Embers of the World: Conversations with Scott Buchanan.
The book closes with a comment by Buchanan that has bothered me since I first read it some 45 years
ago. It was this: "We used to say at St. John's that we were preparing people to be misfits, and we
meant that in a very broad sense. Perhaps misfits in the universe for the time being."
I can imagine that if I were to affirm that statement without explanation and close these remarks now,
some of you would demand a refund of your tuition. So, you can understand why I have been restless
for all these years, wondering at Buchanan’s remark while serving as your president. At long last, I
thought I ought at least to make an effort to understand why Buchanan said this, what he meant by it,
and whether I thought it was true, for your sake as well as my own.
The Case for the Misfit
Why might it be a positive good that the College should be preparing you to be “misfits” in the world?
Consider, for example, the place of a misfit in a world characterized by conflict, where change is sought
through violence alone, where rhetorical force is laced with fear-mongering or hatred. Such a misfit
might bring reason to bear on the rancor, and imagination to the resolution of conflict.
Or consider a world that is so conventional that people rarely contribute anything original or inventive
…. where so little of our natural human capacity, and none of our imagination, is exercised! What kind
of world would it be if everyone acted as though they had the answers to life and no one had any
questions of it?
What is the place of a misfit in a world that is out of joint? Or a world that has reduced all value to an
economic metaphor? Where everything has a price and nothing is priceless? Where the end of life is
service to the global economy? And the end of education is simply to fit one for the marketplace!
Page 1 of 6

�What is the place of a misfit in a world governed by one rule only: that it’s what we can get for
ourselves that counts, a world that does not accept that it is in our nature to do good for one another?
Many of you will recognize those worlds or will imagine that all of these descriptions characterize
aspects of the world we live in. The world is hardly perfect; a misfit may be what it needs from time to
time to get it on a better path. Perhaps when Buchanan spoke of preparing “misfits in the universe for
the time being,” he meant that misfits entering the world today could help shape the world of
tomorrow, one that would be a better fit for the imaginative, reform-minded individual.
Question: Why is Socrates so beloved of many of us at St. John’s? Is it because he was a misfit in the
world of Athens? Recall his argument for the defense in Plato’s Apology:
“I was attached to this city by the god – though it seems a ridiculous thing to say – as upon a
great and noble horse which was somewhat sluggish because of its size and needed to be
stirred by a kind of gadfly. It is to fulfill some such function that I believe the god has placed me
in the city. I never cease to rouse each and every one of you, to persuade and reproach you all
day long and everywhere I find myself in your company.”
Socrates even likened himself to Achilles, who despised death rather than shirk his responsibility to
avenge his friend and live the life of a coward ever after. If Socrates is a kind of hero to many of us,
dare we ask whether we are prepared to be the gadfly he claimed to be and run the risks he ran? It is a
lot of trouble to speak truth to power, and it takes courage.
Recall Antigone, a heroine to many! Are we prepared to make the sacrifice she made for her defense of
community mores that were out of favor in a kingdom itself out of joint?
Are these the kinds of misfits Buchanan was talking about? Are these sacrifices to be expected of you?
You want to be a doctor or lawyer, a soldier or farmer, a writer or painter, a scientist or engineer, a
teacher or librarian. You are attracted to politics, or investment banking, or the revolution in
technology. These are all fitting occupations in our world, all useful to it. Was Buchanan speaking of
you when he said what he did? What should distinguish you from others in the worlds you are entering
when you leave here?
When Buchanan made his remark about misfits in the universe, he seemed to have used it as a
punctuation to his reflection on the fate of tragic heroes. He understood that people generally identify
tragedy with calamity or death, but he thought that these were merely accidental to the real point:
that tragedy is about blindness and recognition, what the hero or heroine has learned from some
misfortune, like Oedipus recognizing who he is - his father's killer, his mother's husband, and his
children's brother - and then destroying his offending eyes that were useless to his recognition of
himself as the source of the pollution in Thebes!
This may be why we sometimes call such a protagonist a "tragic hero," someone "willing to pay the
price for a certain kind of integrity and rationality and honesty...," Buchanan would say. He even went
Page 2 of 6

�so far as to say that "happiness would be the life of a hero...who's willing to pay the price" for that
integrity for he will have "maintained his soul." Such happiness can extract a high price, sometimes
beyond the breaking point, he acknowledged. (Of course, the tragic hero may also come to recognize
his blindness without enjoying the happiness that might have followed. Recall Othello, confronting his
green-eyed monster; or Lear, his blindness to a daughter’s love.)
Ask yourselves: Is this what you have been up to at St. John’s College: stretching your imagination,
confronting your blindness and ignorance, and coming to some recognition, however tentative, of who
you are in all your imperfection, what propels you to go where you must, what calls you to do what
you will, what gives each of you a singular soul, what makes you whole?
Do you recognize that you have sometimes been brought to a breaking point, when it hurt you to
accept your blindness of something or someone, or when you heard a voice within you that you hardly
recognized confront you with a truth you wished you could deny but could not? Are you prepared to
keep asking these questions when you leave here, alive to the learning now begun? Do you have the
courage to maintain your integrity in a world that may often seem not to care for what you think or
who you are? Will you continue this search for an understanding of yourself and your world while
engaged in the career you may choose to pursue, even if you should confront an uncomfortable truth
about the work you are doing?
The Case for the World
I recognize that in trying to make a good home for our misfit, I may have come down pretty hard on
the world, blaming it for our woes, setting up heroes and heroines to confront it. I now would ask you
to look again at that world.
In your four years at the College, you have been asking as many questions of your world as you have of
yourselves. You have studied the heavens above and the earth below, the movement of planets and
the elements of matter, the conception and growth of living things and the relation of their parts to
their wholes, the laws of nature (such as they are) and the forces at work in the world - even spooky
action at a distance.
In the world of human affairs, you have studied political, societal, religious, psychological, historical,
economic, and ethical forces that have more or less shaped the societies we live in … or vice versa.
These forces may seem more capricious than those you have studied in the laboratory, but they have
nonetheless influenced the world you will be living in, the world that belongs to you as much as you
belong to it.
The mysteries of the human heart, and of the soul within you, are every bit as wondrous as the
mysteries of the political and the natural worlds. And so you have asked questions of the world, in part
because it is your nature to wish to know, in part because you wish to know your place within that
world, and in part, I dare say, because it is your world and you are bent on loving it as you love
yourselves. It will be your love of the world that will bridge the divide between you and it.

Page 3 of 6

�Your world needs you; it needs your desire to understand it, your openness to what it has to teach you,
your acceptance of its imperfections, and your sincere wish and best efforts to be useful to it because
you care for it as it has cared for you, however unconscious that care may have been.
The Case for the Hero in the World
Once again, consider Socrates and how he put the case in his own defense: that he was a gift of the
god, and that he was attached “as upon a great and noble horse” that needed to be stirred. That great
and noble horse was the City of Athens, the world’s first democracy of any sort, the city that reared
and educated the man, the city that Socrates so loved he would not trade a death sentence in Athens
for life in any other city. This was Socrates’s world. He saw his service as a gadfly to be a divine gift, a
gift of love for his world in the hope that he could help Athens recognize the corruption within it,
correct its course and recover its integrity. How different is Socrates’s world from ours?
In her essay When I was a Child I Read Books, Marilynne Robinson located the American Western hero
on the frontier, something she called “neither a place nor a thing.” Such a hero could perhaps be
located someplace in the imagination, on a frontier of society, a frontier of science, a frontier of
medicine or law or technology or any other discipline you might commit yourselves to. The frontier
might be on the edge of a habitable wilderness, at a town hall meeting, in the workplace, or even
within the warmth of a household. These frontiers will always remain open.
Robinson described the archetypal hero or heroine as sometimes a visionary, sometimes a critic,
sometimes a rescuer or an avenger, expressing discontent with the status quo and a willingness,
perhaps even a calling, to seek change, always with a positive interest in the good of society. But she
added something more, a reflection on the beauty of human society: “Rousseau said men are born
free, yet everywhere they are in chains. Since the time of the Hebrew prophets it has been the role of
the outsider to loosen those chains, or lengthen them, if only by bringing the rumor of a life lived
otherwise.”
The Allegory of the Cave in Plato’s Republic reminds us that we need help to break the chains that have
kept us staring comfortably at the mere shadows of things; that we need to be turned around to face
the reality that has been hidden from us; that we need to be dragged up the rocky slope and out into
the light of the sun where we can see the extraordinary beauty of the world of things as they are; and
that the journey up is a painful one. We realize how exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, it must be
to make this journey to understanding alone. We need that “outsider” to shake us up and help us free
ourselves to make lives worthy of our humanity.
The Case for Your Education
This image of the lone individual in society should be a familiar one. Consider the paradox you face
every day in your education at our College: the learning you each come to enjoy is yours alone, but you
pursue it in the company of others. You make from the bits and pieces that you have read, heard, and
thought through, something entirely new that belongs to you alone. And yet, you have needed others
Page 4 of 6

�around you, helping you with your discoveries of the world, helping you uncover unsettling truths
about yourselves, and opening fruitful paths to your learning.
Nonetheless, what you have learned you have freely learned (it is your learning, not a learned
professor’s or someone else’s.) That freedom has helped you develop an adaptable mind, equally open
to tradition and to progress, one that gives you practice in the art of inquiry, in asking the questions
the human race has asked since mankind first began to speak. They are questions arising from the
depths of wonder; questions revealing the vast extent of your ignorance about the world and about
yourselves; questions demonstrating a startling truth: that your ignorance is the source of your
greatest strength. For it is ignorance, not knowledge, that will propel you forward. It generates the
desire to know, which draws you expectantly into the unknown.
This humility of the intellect is actually a powerful force. We often call it wisdom, and it is one of the
things the world needs: a good understanding of how to develop and where to direct our desire to
know and our desire to be better women and men. This generative force is also something your
professions will need, something your co-workers and neighbors will need and hopefully appreciate,
and something your children will need to live well in the world they will one day inherit.
You are fit to enter the world, having had four years of practice in the art of recognition without having
to pay the price of an Oedipus or an Antigone or an Othello or a Lear. You have had this practice within
the confines of a relatively safe classroom and among friends who have helped you recognize what you
don’t know and what you still need to learn to grapple with what the world will throw at you. These
friends - the books and the natural objects of your study, your tutors, and your classmates – these
friends have helped you understand both the limitations of your reach and the possibilities open to
you. They have freed you from conventional thinking, freed you to doubt what you have been taught
about the world, and thus freed you to imagine a world different from the one you find yourselves in
and the possibility of a future that you may lay claim to one day, a future you may even help to shape.
This mention of the power of the imagination reminds me of a story that may shed some light on what
Buchanan might have had in mind when he said we were making misfits in the universe. Stringfellow
Barr, president of St. John’s when Buchanan was dean, said this of his friend: “The difference between
Scott and me was that when I see a baby, I’m enchanted with him; and Scott is always feeling, ‘Well,
that’s not the baby I had in mind. Babies ought to do better than that.’ All human enterprises, including
birth, seem to him a little disappointing. He’s a Platonist in the sense he’s got some notion of the baby
in the back of his mind that no baby lives up to, whereas to me it’s such a miracle the little brat is alive
– so what, if he has defects. His ears stick out and he’s cross-eyed, certainly, but he’s alive.” Barr was
talking then about the birth of the St. John’s Program, but his observations about Buchanan – about
Buchanan as a kind of Socrates – these observations may help us understand how Buchanan saw the
world in general, and that only misfits were well fit to recognize the world as it is and the world as it is
meant to be … and then to make the effort to do something to close the gap between the two.
It is now your turn to take the gift of your education out into the world, which needs the open,
thoughtful, loving stewards, critics, and visionaries you are capable of being. May you fare well and
find happiness in this endeavor!
Page 5 of 6

�Thank you!

Page 6 of 6

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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

St. John's
College

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
Annapolis, Maryland
Friday, August Eighth
Two Thousand and Fourteen

�Master of Arts in Liberal Arts Degree
Program

Nathan Elias Bradshaw

Swannanoa, North Carolina

For the Thirty-Fifth Summer Commencement
Aileen Reine Sawabi Coccia

Millington, Maryland

Michael Thomas Mayo

Academic Procession

Damascus, Maryland

Regina Lynn Johnson

of the Graduate Institute in Liberal Education

Randolph, New Jersey

Michele Colella Hutchinson

on the Annapolis Campus

Annapolis, Maryland

Jason Donald Meyers
Welcome and Announcement of Prize

Jeff J.S. Black

Phillipsburg, New Jersey

Julia Katherine Patt

Mitchellville, Maryland

Director of the Graduate Institute
William Cogel Reed, III

Conferring of Degrees

Pamela Kraus
Dean of the College

Nancy Lee Schweikert

Raleigh, North Carolina

Laurel Lynn Sheridan

John Verdi
Tutor

Address to the Graduating Class

Boone, North Carolina

Los Angeles, California

David Herman Veenstra

Salt Lake City, Utah

Director Black

Academic Recession

Prize
To the student who was written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College.
NATHAN ELIAS BRADSHAW
Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

}
Variety is the Vice of Life:
The Composition of Man in Aristotle's
Nicomachean Ethics

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&lt;li&gt;1895&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1897&lt;/li&gt;
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LIBERAL EDUCATION

SIJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • S A N T A FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
FRIDAY, AUGUST NINTH
Two THOUSAND AND THIRTEEN

�PROGRAM
FOR THE THIRTY-FOURTH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE

MELISSA JANE BAKER

Houston, Texas

NATHAN JACK BECHTOLD

Kaiser, Missouri

ACADEMIC PROCESSION
SCOTT COLLISON
WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

JEFF J. S. BLACK
Director of the Graduate Institute

MICHAEL JOSEPH GREEN
PHILIP BRETT LOWRY

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

STEVEN CROCKETT
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College
DIRECTOR BLACK

DANIEL ERIC MAYCOCK
JESSE DAVID McBRiDE
NICHOLAS PORTER OLSON

West Chester, Pennsylvania
Wilmington, Delaware
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Travelers Rest, South Carolina
Reading, Pennsylvania
Annapolis, Maryland

SIMBA SANA
ACADEMIC RECESSION

Washington, DC

STEVEN ALAN STEINBACH

Washington, DC

EDWARD SNOWDEN WARFIELD, III
ROB WELLS

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

DEVIN TREY WILKINS

Reisterstown, Maryland
Crownsville, Maryland
Washington, DC

�</text>
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&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
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LIBERAL EDUCATION

SIJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • SANTA FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST TENTH
Two THOUSAND AND TWELVE

�PROGRAM
FOR THE THIRTY-THIRD SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

JEFF J. S. BLACK
Director of the Graduate Institute

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

LIJUN Gu

FRANCIS JOSEPH MICHAEL GOLDKAMP
GEORGE HAMAMJIAN

Saint Louis, Missouri
Cranston, Rhode Island

Tutor

BRIAN NELSON REARDON
CONFERRING OF DEGREES

CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College
DIRECTOR BLACK

ACADEMIC RECESSION

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

SARAH LYNN SNYDER

Chicago, Illinois
Windsor, Pennsylvania

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&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>SIJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • SANTA FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
SUNDAY, MAY THIRTEENTH
Two THOUSAND AND TWELVE

�PROGRAM
FOR THE Two HUNDRED TWENTIETH
COMMENCEMENT IN THE
THREE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH YEAR
OF THE COLLEGE

PRELUDE

CARROLLTON BRASS QUINTET

ACADEMIC PROCESSION
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

CARROLLTON BRASS QUINTET

FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, ALUMNUS, GLASS OF 1796

WELCOME

CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON, SF7O
PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE

ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZES AND AWARDS

PRESIDENT NELSON
PAMELA KRAUS
DEAN OF THE COLLEGE

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

SALVATORE SCIBONA, SFg7

CONFERRING OF UNDERGRADUATE DEGREES

PRESIDENT NELSON
DEAN KRAUS

CONFERRING OF GRADUATE DEGREES

PRESIDENT NELSON
JEFFREY BLACK
DIRECTOR OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE

ACADEMIC RECESSION

CARROLLTON BRASS QUINTET

�BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE
(with title of essay)
CHELSEA ELIZABETH ADAMS
Language as the Existence of Spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology

New Concord, Ohio

SHIKSHYA ADHIKARI
Kalikasthan, Kathmandu, Nepal
Maiestatem Imperatoriam: An Inquiry into the Concept of
'Imperial Majesty' in The Annals of Tacitus
MARIAM ADUASHVILI
You Can 'tPray a Lie: Looking at the Moral Development of
Huck in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Tbilisi, Georgia

MANAAN VALERIE LUBIN MAYS ALEXANDER

Gamden, Maine

"For Inferior Who Is Free?" The Relationship between Love
and Equality in Paradise Lost
GENEVIEVE JOAN DUFOUR ALLEN
Albuquerque, New Mexico
"Out of Bondage ": Learning to Live Ethically in Unethical
Times
KYLE DAVID AMANN
Portrait of a Greek Warrior: Why the Tale of Achilles
Exemplifies the Trojan War
SYDNEY MARIE ANDREWS *
KAITLYN EMILY ASHER
The Prophet and the Pig: An Exploration of Characters and
Grace
WADE WINSTON ATKINS
Differences That Are None: Experiencing Self-Identity in
Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit

Jesup, Georgia

St. Louis, Missouri
Decatur, Georgia

Gary, North Carolina

JACOB BENJAMIN LIPSITZ BALDWIN
New Haven, Connecticut
In Pursuit of the Soul: On the Difficulty of Living in the Modern
World

�DOMENICK MlCHAEL BAUER

West Orange, New Jersey

The Lifecycle of Capitalism: An Inquiry into Capitalist
Economics Through the Works of Karl Marx
ERIC MICHAEL BAUER
Longing for the Octave: Words, Music, and Body in Britten's
Death in Venice

Park Ridge, Illinois

PATRICK ALFRED BEEBY II
A Cheerful Philosophy: Education by Experience in
Montaigne's Essays

Dallas, Texas

AALIN REBECCA BELLINGER
The Friendship of Quixote andSancho in Part II of Don
Quixote

Groveland, Massachusetts

NICHOLAS DANTE BENDER

Edgewater, Maryland

Aristotle's Book on Comedy: "I Wouldn 't Really Say I'm
Missing It."
JULIA ANNE BERGGREN

Washington Island, Wisconsin

Reason Which Reason Knows Not: Viewing the World through
Mathematics and What It Means to Do So
ROBERT JEREMY BINDER
Sex and the Citizen; or, Whether or Not Education Can Make
Man Happy?
ALEXANDER IVANOVICH BOBROW

Lombard, Illinois

Silver Spring, Maryland

In Search of Something Left Behind: Aristotelian Causality
Revisited
BARRETT McNEIL BROOKS

Alexandria, Virginia

"An Adventure in Mortality": An Investigation of Life as a
Progression
GANDACE RENE BRYAN

Speech Impediment: Examining the Role of Language in
Coming to God

Memphis, Tennessee

�CHARLES DARWIN GARGAL
On Sense and Sentiment: Causality, Morality, and Belief in the
Mind ofHumean Man
BRANDON DANIEL CARNEY
Nietzsche's Response to Hegel in Terms of the Artist

La Mesa, California

Agoura Hills, California

TAWNY ROSE CASE
"O, there has been much throwing about of brains ": Truth,
Fiction, and Madness in Hamlet

Seattle, Washington

EMALIE MARTHE CLAMAGE
Mansfield, Massachusetts
Morality, Autonomy, and the Surprising Character of the
Good-Willed Man in Kant's Grounding for the Metaphysics of
Morals
HERBERT TUCKER COBEY
Gloucester, Massachusetts
Prima Ratio Regum: Strength as the Sole Source of Virtue in
Machiavelli's The Prince and Discourses on Livy
STEPHANIE ELISE CONNOLLY
The True Patriot, in Word and Deed
PRENTICE BLAKE COOPER
A Man after God's Own Heart: Why Abraham Is Willing to
Sacrifice the Son Whom He Loves as a Burnt Offering to the
Lord

Manchester, Missouri

Manassas, Virginia

JORDAN LEE COUCH
Look What I Did: Don Quixote's Relationship with the World

Billings, Montana

LEAH MARIE CREAMER
Food from Excrement?: The Nature of Reason in Gulliver's
Travels

Honolulu, Hawaii

TAYLOR PATRICK CRYAN
Abandoning Earthly Armor for Eternal Amour: How Antony
and Cleopatra Come to Leave Their Kingdoms in Life for Love
in Death

Houston, Texas

�HENRY PATRICK DE SIMONE
The Countenance of the Heavens: Ptolemy's Almagest as
Theological Artwork

Blue Ridge, Virginia

JOSHUA CHRISTIAN DfiSlLVA
Kansas City, Missouri
Rousseau's Developmental Psychology: Imagination and SelfLove in Emile
MARIA PATRICIA DlGlOVANNI
All About Eve, According to Milton

Ghico, California

SARAH ANNE LiNDA DOTY
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Man's Path to Scientific Divinity in Bacon's New Organon:
Smashing Idols, Acquiring Discipline, and Reigning Over
Nature
NATALIJA DOBROVIC
Podgorica, Montenegro
Guidebook with No Rules: An Exploration of Freedom Based
on Being in Heidegger's Being and Time
ANDREW J. BONDERS
The Tyrant's Exchange: Wealth and Luxury in the Descent of
Polities

Brooklyn, New York

LOGAN QUINN DWYER
You Are John Gait: The Great and the Human in Ayn Rand's
Atlas Shrugged

Flagstaff, Arizona

MEGAN FAULKNER
"A Thing to Break Your Jaws with Laughter": The Aggressive
Comedy ofMachiavelli's Mandragola

Meridian, Idaho

LlNUS HENRY FEDER
Thought in Action

Montclair, New Jersey

LUCY MARGARET FERRIER
Santa Paula, California
Mark the Music: Reflections on Music audits Power to Move
Us toward God

�Signal Mountain, Tennessee
CATHERINE VIRGINIA FIELDS
The Face of a Hero: Alexei Fyodorovich Karamazov, Lover of
Mankind

JAMES MICHAEL FLAIM
Legitimacy of Authority in Plato's Meno

Chesapeake Beach, Maryland

JOHN STEWART FLEMING
Completing the Dialectical Circlefrom Plato to Hegel

Gaithersburg, Maryland

ANNA MARIE FLIES
Cherry Blossoms Must Fall
SAMUEL XAVIER FRANK
Matter over Mind: How the World Controls Our Will

Puyallup, Washington

Kennett Square, Pennsylvania

DONALD JOHNATHAN FRANKLIN
The Kiss and Sunken Shoulder
JACOB DANIEL GARRETT
Space, Time, and Capital

Lakeland, Florida

Houston, Texas

ANNE DEVEREAUX GEITZ
New Canaan, Connecticut
Mistaken Revenge and Miscarried Revenge: The Tragic Paths
of Othello andlago
HARLIN JAMES HOGH GLOVACKI
Greenfield, Massachusetts
The Order and Connection of Spinoza's Ethics and Spinoza's
Ethics (Are One and the Same)
ALEXANDRA KAYLEE GOETZ-WEISS
"ButAbraham Had Faith ": Paradox and the Absurd in
Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling
EMMA HANNAH GOLD
Prosecuted, Banished, &amp; Shot: Motive, Moral, and Plot in
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
AMANDA MARIE GRIGGS
An Inquiry into the Self-Organization of Markets

State College, Pennsylvania

Maplewood, New Jersey

Odenton, Maryland

�SEE EUN HA
Seeing Love Makes You Blind, Showing Love Lets You See: A
Question about the Role of First Corinthians Chapter Thirteen
MOSHE DAVIDSON HAMO
Reflections on Qohelet- An Attempt at Herding Wind

Busan, South Korea

Denver, Colorado

KATHERINE MELISSA HAVARD
Beverly Hills, California
The Maker ofMonarchs: The Beginning of the End of Chivalry
in Henry V
HONORE JEAN-JACQUES HODGSON
Creation beyond Tragedy

St. Paul, Minnesota

BENJAMIN MlLLER HOOKER
Albuquerque, New Mexico
"He who had been lost to the world... ": Creating the Life Worth
Living in The Three Metamorphoses
LYDIA MARIE HOVEY
III Met by Moonlight: The Problem with Love in Shakespeare s
A Midsummer Night's Dream

Naperville, Illinois

SAMUEL JOSEPH HUGHES
Free Will and Society in War and Peace

Chattanooga, Tennessee

MICHAEL ROSS JANAKIS
Why Are Flowers Beautiful?

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

JANE ELIZABETH JEFFRIES
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Swept Up in the Song: Relationship With God Through Music
inf. S. Bach's St. Matthew Passion
LlYU JlANG
Into Time and Free Wilk4 New Way of Perceiving Ourselves

MARIA SANGIRARDI JUNG

Chengdu, China

New York, New York

"We only know that he burns the blood like a poultice of broken
glass ": A Hot Pursuit ofDuende in Lorca 's Blood Wedding
BRITTANY LAUREN KEEHAN
"Desire with Thee Still Longer to Converse"

Signal Mountain, Tennessee

�SAMANTHA MARIE KIFFER
RealPeople:The Nature of Man in The Federalist Papers and
Its Use in the Regulation of the Government
KATHERINE ELIZABETH KOLODZIE
And the Dead Man Came Forth:The Sickness, Death, and
Resurrection of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's Grime and
Punishment

Strongsville, Ohio

Walnut Greek, California

AARON DANIEL KUBARYK
The Lives ofKaramazovs

Atlanta, Georgia

GRANT AARON KUNING
Being Good and Fearing Death in War and Peace

Columbia, Maryland

MICHAEL THOMAS LACY
Woman—The Image of God: Why uGreat Men" Are the Problem
and How Women, Androgyny, and Vulgarity Are the Solution
in Shakespeare's Gymbeline
ALEX WINSTON HANSEN LANKFORD
"Let the Forest Judge ": Comedy and Nature

Oakton, Virginia

Milwaukie, Oregon

HANNA JUNE LAUER
WestBoylston, Massachusetts
Fame Fulfilled: A Study of Fame in Plutarch's Life of Gaesax
JUSTIN ANDREW LEISHMAN
Bacon's New Instrument

Annapolis, Maryland

ALEXANDER JOSEPH LEONE
Filling in Hegel: An Illustrated Guide to the First Five SelfConsciousnesses
?

Lake Elmo, Minnesota

ALTON PARKER LIND
The Stories We Tell Each Other: (Why We Must Share Our
Lives)

Issaquah, Washington

NOAH JACOB LITVIN
Creativity in Mathematics

Mamaroneck, New York

�YUNZHANG Lu *

Shanghai, China

SARAH ELIZABETH MACGREGOR
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
Fact and Fiction: Analogy in Maxwell's Electromagnetism
GALEN VITTORIO MANCINO

Silver Spring, Maryland

•How Does Huck Learn How to Live?An Essay on Mark
Twain's the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
BARBARA DUNHAM McClAY

Signal Mountain, Tennessee

Little Odious Vermin: Satirizing the Satirist in Gulliver's
Travels
MATTHEW JAMES McMuLLEN

Bowie, Maryland

The Miseducation of Lemuel Gulliver: Learning How Not to
Get along in Gulliver's Travels
SOPHIE LYNN MICHELEWICZ

Nelson, New Hampshire

Motion and Being in Aristotle's Physics
THOMAS LAWRENCE MILLS, JR.
Authority in The Master and Margarita

Douglas, Alaska

ANDREW PAUL MlZE

Versailles, Kentucky

Craftsmanship in The Old Man and the Sea.- An Historical and
Literary Understanding
MARGARET LLOYD MOHR
Cato the Younger: Freedomfrom Virtue
KALI LORRAINE MUNRO

Columbus, Ohio

Crawfordsville, Indiana

Primitivism and Violence: An Analysis of Anger in TwentiethCentury Man
ELIZABETH GRACE NATTERMAN
I Am Not What I Am: logo's Motives and Villainy in
Shakespeare's Othello

Baltimore, Maryland

ASHLEY MICHELLE NEFF
Doylestown, Pennsylvania
On Virgin Ground: A Consideration of Modern Physics Using
Bacon's Novum Organum

�TESSA COLLEEN NELSON
A Mirror up to Nature: On the Function of the Mimetic Art

Centennial, Colorado

LAN Tin HUONG NGUYEN
The Yearning of a Saint in Middlemarch

Hanoi, Viet Nam

KELSEY SUZANNE O'BRIEN
Morality in The Brothers Karamazov: An Analysis of Ivan and
Integrity
CAROL RENEE PARTONEN
Admit Impediments; Love Is Not Love: Ideal and Imbalanced
Love in Shakespeare's Sonnets
HANNAH ESTHER PASTERNAK
ulam there as lam there ": An Investigation into Life as
Understood in Martin Buber's I and Thou
SARAH O 'MALLEY PEARLMAN
Laughing at Poor Clueless Suckers: The Casefor the Comic in
Moliere's The Misanthrope
ANTHONY AUGUSTINO PECORARO
The Living Poetry o/Turgatorio as a Map to Artistic Eden

Davie, Florida

Waldorf, Maryland

Livingston, New Jersey

Teaneck, New Jersey

Ellicott City, Maryland

WILLIAM AUSTIN PECORARO
Ellicott City, Maryland
A Conflict of Interests: On the Religious and Political Powers of
the Papal States audits Effects
KAMILLA TAMAR POLLOCK
"I Feared for My Sanity": Unraveling the Labyrinth of
Memory, Poetry, and Personal Identity in the Short Fictions of
Jorge Luis Borges
RUSSEL ALLEN PROVOST
Incommensurable Man
CHRISTINA ELIZABETH RAINES
"What you want, above all things, on a raft, isfor everybody
to be satisfied, and feel right and kind towards others "

Honolulu, Hawaii

Hyattsville, Maryland

Clovis, California

�JAY WESLEY ROHRER
A Strange Justice: Jesus and Jubilee Ethics
JONATHAN JOSEPH ROSSE
The Use and Abuse of Language for Life
EMILY CAROLYN SEE ELL
The Conflict Between the Public Life and the Private Life in
Homer's The Odyssey

Annapolis, Maryland

Concord, Massachusetts

Wayland, Maine

ERIN MICHELLE SHADOWENS
Hooking Leviathan: Job's Challenge to Justice in the City

Grand Rapids, Michigan

GILBERT IRVING SHANK
All the World's a Stage: The Inception of Don Quixote

Bloomington, Minnesota

MARIN MlCHAEL SKOKANDIC
Better Payment for the Slave: Who Profits in Political
Economy?

Santa Monica, California

ELIZABETH MARIE SPAGNOLETTI
"Look only at what belongs to you." On the Boundaries
between Human Beings in The Histories of Herodotus

Voorhees, New Jersey

PHILLIP LEE STALEY
North Charleston, South Carolina
Better Than Fiction: On the Analogies Underlying Maxwell's
Electromagnetic Field Equations
ALLANAH CECILIA STEEN
Our Great Need

Paris, France

XlAOKANG TANG
The Ethical Defense in the Art of Rhetoric

Jinan, China

JONATHAN JAE TINCHER
Laughter and Self-Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Relation
between the Comic and Philosophy
RHIANNA KRISTINE TONER
A Travel Guide: The Education of Lemuel Gulliver

Dunbar, West Virginia

Baltimore, Maryland

�MARY CATHERINE TOPIC
A Searchfor Justice in the World o/"King Lear

Falls Church, Virginia

NATHANIEL DAVID TORREY
Southern Pines, North Carolina
For He So Loved the World: Love, Faith, and Folly in Paul's
Letters and the Gospels
JOSEPH KEENAN TROTTER
Living it Through: Experience in The Recognitions

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

SHANNON GERVOIS VAUGHN
The Tolstoyan Spirit

Oxford, Maryland

LUKE ARAKEL WAKEEN
An Amoeba, a Man, and an Anthill

Wilton, Connecticut

Li AM EDWARD KRETZ WALLACE
Teaching and Learning Virtue

Stony Brook, New York

JESSE ADAM WANG
"All right, then, I'll go to heir

Keysville, Virginia

MICHELLE ELIZABETH WEINMANN
To Reverie is to Lose Oneself in a Flower and Rediscover the
Youth of the Human Race

Northport, New York

PETER JULIAN WHITE
An Investigation of Knowledge in Plato's Theaetetus

Gary, North Carolina

JOSEPH ANDREW WOOD
Carnality and Communion: The Nature of Love in the Pauline
Letters
RICHARD MATTHEW YOUNG
Sunrise on the Horizon of the Human

"Upon completion of requiremen

Moraga, California

Wellesley, Massachusetts

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION
HOWARD BLAIR ANDREWS
DANIEL TIMOTHY BABCOCK
JUSTIN ALAN BROWN
BRANDON SCOTT GAIN
RYAN THOMAS CAMPBELL

Severn, Maryland
Rochester Hills, Michigan
Huntsville, Alabama
Fresno, California
Olathe, Kansas

BENJAMIN SCOTT CHAMBERS

Uniontown, Pennsylvania

LUKE PHILLIPS DOUGHERTY

Baltimore, Maryland

GEORGE SELAS DOUGLAS, II

Alexandria, Virginia

KRISTA MARIE EHASZ
DEVIN CAROLYN FROST

Shady Side, Maryland
Edmond, Oklahoma

MATTHEW JOSEPH FULONE

Millis, Massachusetts

KRISTEN ERICA GODWIN

Annapolis, Maryland

CHRISTINE MARIE IVORY

Poolesville, Maryland

CHASE LANE KITCHEN
ALEX TY KUN
WESLEY JOHN SCHANTZ

Fort Wayne, Indiana
Big Bear Lake, California
Gaithersburg, Maryland

ALEXANDER ELIOT SCHMID

Atlanta, Georgia

LAUREN ELIZABETH SMITH

1\ilsa, Oklahoma

VICTORIA ANN STATTEL
SCOTT PEARSON STEWART
BENNETT TANSEY
VICTORIA ALEXANDRA WILEY
MECAEL LEE HUA YUAN

Franklin Square, New York
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Falmouth, Massachusetts
Phoenix, Maryland
Wez, Belgium

�PRIZES AND AWARDS
COMMENCEMENT 2,012.
To the member of the Senior Glass who has written the best senior essay.
Offered in memory of Susan Irene Roberts, of the Glass of 1966
Longing for the Octave: Words, Music, and Body in Britten's
Death in Venice
ERIC MICHAEL BAUER
Little Odious Vermin: Satirizing the Satirist in Gulliver's Travels
BARBARA DUNHAM McCiAY

HONORABLE MENTION
Language as the Existence of Spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology
CHELSEA ELIZABETH ADAMS

To the member of the Junior Glass who has written the best annual essay.
Offered by Mrs. Leslie Clark Stevens in memory of her
daughter-in-law, Kathryn Mylorie Stevens
No prize awarded

To the member of the Sophomore Class who has written the best annual essay.
Offered under the will of the late Judge Walter I. Dawkins,
of the Class of 1880
The Sweetness of Chaos
JOSEPH JAMES ALIGEA
"They Shall Be One Flesh ": Human and Godly Love in Genesis
SARAH JUDITH MARX

�HONORABLE MENTION
Playing with Leviathan: On Myth in the Book of Job
NATHANIEL LEONARD GOLDMAN

To the member of the Freshman Glass who has written the best annual essay.
Offered in memory of Jacob Klein, TYitor Emeritus, and his wife,
Else, by Dr. and Mrs. Stuart Walker
The Body and the Soul: How "Popular Music "Is in the
Philosophy Business
LESLIE MAE HOWARD

To the Graduate Institute student who has written a
distinguished preceptorial essay in the year 2012.
Offered by the Alumni Association
Green-blue Chinamen: An Exploration of "Lapis Lazuli"
by W.B. Yeats
ERIN EVELINE DESMOND
The Confessions byJ.J. Rousseau
DANIEL STUART RANDLETT

To a member of the Senior Glass, for excellence in speaking.
Offered in memory of Senator Millard E. Tydings of Maryland
CHELSEA ELIZABETH ADAMS

To the student who submits the best English version of a Greek text.
Offered in memory of John S. Kieffer, President Emeritus
Plato's Laws
MIGAELA KAYE MAGDOUGALL

�To the student who submits the best English version of a French poem.
Offered by the Board of Visitors and Governors
The Lyre of Orpheus by Louise-Victorine Ackermann
JOHN STEWART FLEMING
DANIELA LOBO DIAS

To the student who submits a fine original English poem.
Offered by Dr. George Austin in memory of his brother, Henry
Our Family Tree like Wallpaper Shows Us
SOPHIE LYNN MIGHELEWIGZ

HONORABLE MENTION
When I think about the universe . . .
EVGENIA ARKADYEVNA OLIMPIEVA

To the student who submits a fine original musical composition.
Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the
Garitas Society 1987-1991
Scherzofor String Quartet
Louis ALEXANDER PISHA

HONORABLE MENTION
Allegro and Minuet for String Quartet
CHELSEA ELIZABETH ADAMS
Sinfonetta in D Major
BRENNAN REED HARRIS

�To the student who submits a fine essay on a piece of music.
Offered in memory of Mary Joy Belknap, President of the
Garitas Society 1987-1991
Swept Up in Song: Relationship With God Through Music in
J. S. .Bach's St. Matthew Passion
JANE ELIZABETH JEFFRIES

To the student who submits the most elegant solution of a geometrical problem.
Offered by the Glass of 1986 in honor of Bryce Jacobsen, of the
Class of 1942, Tutor and Director of Athletics Emeritus
BlGYAN BlLASH BHANDARI

HONORABLE MENTION
HAU HOANG
JlNYAO ZOU

To the student who submits the most elegant solution of an analytical problem.
Offered in memory of James R. McClintock, of the Class of 1965
No prize awarded
HONORABLE MENTION
LINUS HENRY FEDER

To the student who carries out a fine laboratory project.
SlDHARTH SUBODH SHAH

HONORABLE MENTION
ANDREW J. DONDERS

�To the senior man and woman who, through participation, leadership, and
sportsmanship, have contributed most to the SJG athletic program, a special blazer.
LEAH MARIE CREAMER
JOHN STEWART FLEMING

To the member of the Senior Glass who has contributed outstanding
service to the Greater Annapolis Community.
Offered by the Garitas Society of St. John's College
MICHAEL Ross JANAKIS

To the member of the Senior Class who has demonstrated the greatest care
for and service to youth who reside in the City of Annapolis.
Offered by the friends and family of Marvin B. Cooper,
of the Class of 1969
SHIKSHYA ADHIKARI

To the member of the Senior Class who submits the best work of visual art to the
Community Art Exhibition, the Charles Vernon Moran Prize
Family Portrait, watercolor
SARAH O'MALLEY PEARLMAN

X
To the Senior who has demonstrated excellence
in the arts, literature, or sciences, the Walter S. Baird prize.
MICHELLE ELIZABETH WEINMANN

�ENDOWED SCHOLARSHIPS
St. John's College, Annapolis
Leslie Milton Abrams,
1954
Dr. Granville Q. Adams,
Mildred Alexander
Philip L.Alger, 1912
Alter Graduate Institute
Scholarship
Alumni Scholarship
Annapolis Graduate
Institute
Aretei Fund
Bradley G. Arms
George M. Austin, 1908
Walter S. Baird, 1930
Betty Beck Bennett, 1960

Bernard Clorety, 1950
Dr. Charles C. Cook

George A. and Eveline T.
Greenleaf

Marvin Brent Cooper,
1969

Edna G. and Roscoe E.
Grove, 1910

The Joseph and Robert
Cornell
Memorial Foundation

John T. and Gertrude L.
Harrison, 1907

Eugene N.( 1929)and
RobertG. (1963)
Cozzolino

John T. Harrison, Jr.
Charles WHass, 1927
Henry B. Higman, A48

Wiley and Helen
Crawford

Richard II. Hodgson,
1906

Cpl. George E.
Cunnifflll

The Hodson Trust

Helen Lee De Aloia

Alfred and Ruth Houston,
1906

Donna Marie Delattre
Houston Regional

Fred and Marian Billups

Clarence L. Dickinson,
1911

John Isaacs

Jeff Bishop Memorial

Richard A. Duhan, 1963

J. Seward Johnson, Jr.

Ford K. Brown, H70

Martin Dyer Book Fund

Caritas Society of
St. John's College

Ahmet Ertegun
Education Fund

Jesse H. and Mary Gibbs
Jones

Casasco Family Fund

Faculty Scholarship

Chicago Regional
Mrs. Clyde Alvin Clapp

Ronald and Donna
Fielding

James T.Clark, 1928

James H. Frame, 1950

Class of 1897

Friends of St. John's

Dr. Simon and Fanny
Kaplan, H84

Class of 1898

Nancy Gannon Gearing

Francis A. Katz, 1929

Richard F. Cleveland,
H54

Harry Golding, Graduate
Institute

William R.Kenan, Jr.
Trust

Col. Robert E. and
Margaret Larsh Jones,
1909
RobertE. Kanode, 1939

�John Spangler Kieffer,
H70, and
Roxana White Kieffer,
H84
Marie Klebe Memorial
Jacob Klein, H76

The Duane and
Clementine Peterson
Charitable Fund
LD and Paida Pickens
Pittsburgh Regional

Korshin Family Fund

Reader's Digest
Foundation

Tom and Gathryn Krause

J. Douglas Ramsey, 1937

Arthur E. and Hilda
Combs Landers, 1930

LenoreB. Hinder

Joseph LaPides
Michael Littleton
Memorial
John D. Mack
Massachusetts Regional
James Matthews, H99
Middendorf Foundation
Martin Conrad Miller
(1981) Book Fund
Paul Miller
Philip A. Myers II, 1938
NationsBank Foundation
(Bank of America)
Christopher B. Nelson
Scholarship
Endowment
Rev. Theo O'Brien

Cleo Ritz
Susan I. Roberts, 1966
Clifton C. Roehle
Joan and Bela Ronay
Murray Joel and Julius
Rosenberg, 1938
G.D. Searle/JohnE.
Robson
Robson Family
Rosse Family
St. John's College Alumni
Association
J. J. Salovaara
Flora Duvall Sayles
Hazel Norris and J.
Graham Shannahan,
1908

O'Grady Memorial

Doug E.Sherrf 1972)
Memorial

Oklahoma Regional

Rudy Simeone

Norman G. Owens

Thomas J.,H94, and
Marion K. Slakey

Dr. Thomas Parran and
Thomas Parran, Jr.

Andrew Smith Memorial

Passin Family Fund

J. Winfree Smith, H80

James S. Spirer, 1970
C.V. Starr Foundation
Harry S. and Vivian B.
Spectre Book Fund
Jean Roberts Staylor
Andrew and Lenore
Steiner Book Fund
Clarence W. Stryker
Bert Thorns
Karl and Evelyn Van
Tassel
Frederick J. Von
Schwerdtner
Mr. and Mrs. William J.
Vanous
Pattie Bourne Turner
Walker, 1966
Irving and Loretta
Wasserman Memorial
Scholarship
Endowment
Charles H. Watts
Endowment Fund
Richard D. Weigle, H49
John L. Williams, 1950
Thomas J. and Marvil F.
Williams
Frank K. Wilson, 1935
Winiarski Endowment
Fund
Delores and Stephen Wolf
Kathy and Jerry Wood
Foundation

�ANNUAL SCHOLARSHIPS
St. John's College, Annapolis
THE ASSOCIATED:
Jewish Community
Federation of Baltimore

Richard and Rosalee C.
Davison Foundation,
Inc.

AT&amp;T

Dietz &amp; Watson, Inc.

Dr. Frank C. Marino
Foundation Inc.

BB&amp;T

Dixon Valve &amp; Coupling
Company

Maryland Capital
Management, LLG

Dynamics Research
Corporation

Douglas K. Mayer

Estate of James
Bienemann
Estate of Margaret Blaker
Board of the Friends of
St. John's College
Booz Allen Hamilton
Bunting Family
Foundation

The Eliasberg Family
Foundation, Inc.
Gallagher Evelius &amp;
Jones LLP
Harris CapRock
Communications

CACI International, Inc.
The Campbell
Foundation, Inc.
CareFirst BlueCross
BlueShield
Caritas Society of
St. John's College
Rana Choi
Peter Vance Clark Trust
Computer Sciences
Corporation
Lauren Connolly
Council of Independent
Colleges

Henderson-Webb, Inc.
The Hodson Trust
Hurley W. Howell
Charitable Foundation
The Huether-McClelland
Foundation, Inc.
Ensign C. Markland
Kelly, Jr. Memorial
Foundation
Arthur E. and Hilda
Combs Landers
Charitable Trust

Lockheed Martin
Corporation

National Philanthropic
Trust
Christopher B. Nelson
The RCM&amp;D Foundation,
Inc.
SAIC
Serco Inc.
John A. Simmons
Marsha Sirkin
William D. Shafer
Tech USA
Mynydd Teg Foundation
UPS
Verizon
TheWliiting-Turner
Contracting Company
Barbara Zelley

John J. Leidy Foundation

Gifts received after April 15, 2012, are gratefully acknowledged
and will be listed in the 2013 Commencement Program.

�CONGRATULATIONS, ALUMNI.
Stay in touch. Get involved. Give back.
www. stj ohnscollege. edu/alumni
410-626-2531

�</text>
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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

STJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • S A N T A FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND
FRIDAY, AUGUST TWELFTH
Two THOUSAND AND ELEVEN

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
PROGRAM

PAUL THOMAS BREWER

FOR THE THIRTY-SECOND SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

Delray Beach, Florida

ANTHONY DANIEL CHELETTE

Houston, Texas

JAMIE MARIE DuPoNT

Manton, Michigan

WILLIAM KENYON GERRISH
SEAN CLANTON HAMILTON

Richmond, Virginia

CHRISTINA MARIE HESLINK

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

Bethesda, Maryland

Alexandria, Virginia

JOSEPH DANIEL MCDONOUGH

Kent, Connecticut

KATHERINE ANNE MARIE MELSON
WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

JEFF J. S. BLACK
Director of the Graduate Institute

Annapolis, Maryland

MELANIE LORNA MERGLESKY

Toronto, Canada

SAMANTHA ELIZABETH PARISI*
ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

LlSE VAN BOXEL
Tutor

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

Island Heights, New Jersey

RACHEL WHITSON RAMSEY

Charlotte, North Carolina

WENDY JANE SHAMI

Annapolis, Maryland

j

MUHAMMED SYED

Meriden, Connecticut

CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College

ANDREW BENES VLCEK

Jacksonville, Florida

DIRECTOR BLACK

LUCILE SPRUNT WOOD

Charlotte, North Carolina

ACADEMIC RECESSION

PRIZE
To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College.
JESSE DAVID MCBRIDE
All Histories Are Prophetic Histories

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

*upon completion of requirements

�</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
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LIBERAL EDUCATION

SIJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • S A N T A FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST THIRTEENTH
Two THOUSAND TEN

�PROGRAM
FOR THE THIRTY-FIRST SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING GLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

MARILYN D. HIGUERA
Director of the Graduate Institute
JOHN TOMARCHIO
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College
DIRECTOR HIGUERA

ACADEMIC RECESSION

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
Eldersburg, Maryland

STEPHEN DANIEL Cox
BEAU ANDRE DAGENAIS

Hockessin, Delaware

MICHAEL JUNG DEGEN

Abingdon, Maryland

LUCAS NATHANIEL DURNEY

Adelphi, Maryland
Annapolis, Maryland

NICOLE ELAINE ELLIS

Palm Beach, Florida

ELIZABETH NORWOOD FIFIELD
BRADLEY PAUL FINKBEINER

Crownsville, Maryland
Middleburg, Virginia

CARL RUSSELL FLETCHER III
JENNIFER ANN GAVIN

Pleasantville, New York

ROBBYE BARROW HOROWICZ

Shepherdstown, West Virginia

MARK ANTHONY JEDRZEJCZYK

Kenasha, Wisconsin

ELIZA STARBUCK LITTLE

Seattle, Washington

JESSE LEE MAXWELL

Martinsville, Indiana

BROOKE ALEXANDRA MCLANE-HIGGINSON
MATTHEW ALEXANDER MILLER

Lawrence, Kansas
Edgecomb, Maine

TIMOTHY JOSEPH REILLY

Louisville, Kentucky

KYLE CAMPBELL SHEEHAN

Denver, Colorado

ELISABETH ANNE STONE

Annapolis, Maryland

PRIZE
To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College.
NICOLE ELAINE ELLIS
An Attempt Toward Knowledge
STEVEN ALAN STEINBACH
Aquinas on Law and Discretion

�</text>
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LIBERAL EDUCATION

STJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • S A N T A FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST FOURTEENTH
Two THOUSAND AND NINE

�PROGRAM
FOR THE THIRTIETH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

MARILYN D. HIGUERA
Director of the Graduate Institute
JON LENKOWSKI
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College
DIRECTOR HIGUERA

ACADEMIC RECESSION

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
JOANNA RACHEL BARON

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

JEANNE KAY BATEMAN

Annapolis, Maryland

JOHN TAYLOR CARR

Boston, Massachusetts

BRIANNA JENE GRANTHAM

Fort Myers, Florida

JONATHAN DALE HEAD

Bowie, Maryland

JOSEPH THOMAS LEPAIN*

Brighton, Massachusetts

MARK STEVEN MILOSTAN

Easton, Maryland

ANIKA TENE PRATHER

Fort Washington, Maryland

JOSE ANTONIO SANTIAGO

Baltimore, Maryland

JON PHILIP SHANK

Columbia, Pennsylvania

BRANDY LEE SPRINGSTUBBE

Grand Rapids, Michigan

DAVID RUSSELL SUTHERLAND

Provo, Utah
Brooklyn, New York

PAUL WASSERMAN
GREGORY Pio YATAROLA

Dolgeville, New York

PRIZE
To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College.
JONATHAN DALE HEAD
Sharing in Divine Conversation

*upon completion of requirements

�</text>
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Commencement Address,
Summer 2010
Let me begin by expressing my appreciation for the honor of
being invited to offer this commencement address to the
graduating students. Feeling the gravity of this honor, I thought I'd
play it safe and stick to things sacred: I would like to offer you a
reflection on the St. John's Seminar, in light of the parable of the
sower in St. Matthew's Gospel. Like Ms Higuera in her
convocation address, I offer my reflections with trepidation in the
awareness that tutors are rather like rabbis, in that two discussing
the meaning of any sacred thing will always have at least three
opinions between them—so says the Talmud. In any case,
knowing that many of my fellow tutors agree that Seminar is the
heart of the Program, I offer my reflections on what I believe to
have been at the heart of your studies at St. John's as you leave
them to return to the world.
Sometimes when I am trying to persuade either a student or
myself that a bad seminar was not wasted labor, I recall that the
Latin root of the word seminar means a seed-bed: a scattered
conversation may well be scattering seeds, I say, and who knows
which might in due season bear unexpected fruit? In the ancient
way of sowing, seed is scattered and allowed to germinate and
then the best seedlings are selected and cultivated. Modern
agriculture dramatically increases yields by means of methodical
sowing of seeds in linear rows of targeted holes, followed by
mass fertilization, cultivation, and extraction. The result is the
lifeless tomato you can buy for pennies per ounce at your local

�supermarket. The St. John's Seminar seems to cling to the
ancient way of sowing. Tutors eschew the suggestion that there is
a St. John's "method" for doing Seminar. The College has living
customs and usages rather than formalized methods and
measures. Seeds are broadcast and nature is trusted to surprise
us with specimens of rare excellence and unexpected beauty. Of
course, the soil is kept well fertilized with a rich compost of failed
attempts, but a really good tomato is worth it—don't you think?—
even if you can't get it for pennies on the ounce.
This image of the St. John's Seminar as a seed-bed puts me in
mind of Matthew's parable of the sower, which reads as follows:
One day a farmer went out sowing. Part of what he sowed landed
on a foot-path, where birds came and ate it up. Part of it fell on
rocky ground, where it had little soil. It sprouted at once since the
soil had no depth, but when the sun rose and scorched it, it began
to wither for lack of roots. Again, part of the seed fell among
thorns, which grew up and choked it. Part of it, finally, landed on
good soil and yielded grain a hundred- or sixty- or thirtyfold. Let
everyone heed what he hears!
This parable makes me ask of Seminar, what is the seed sown in
Seminar and who sows it?
A pious answer leaps to mind: the great books are the seed, the
great minds that wrote them the sowers, and our seminar
conversations the field of their sowing. The Latin root of the words
"concept" and "conception" lead me to extend the analogy further
to animal procreation: Seminar is inseminated by the ideas,
questions, or teachings of great books. However, the daemon of
the place, famously indicted for impiety, gives me pause before
this seeming piety: Plato's Socrates reminds us in the Phaedrus
that great books cannot reply to our questions. If the life of a St.
John's seminar is in asking and replying to questions, how do

�these mute imitations of live speech speak to us? How does the
dead speech of dead men generate live conversation?
Of course, one could wonder this about seeds as well. I like
asking in Freshman Lab whether the seeds produced by living
things are themselves living things. And I like it when a student
before ever reading Aristotle responds that a seed is not life but
the potential for life. Then I like to ask, "Potential for life in the way
that water has the potential to be taken in by a living cell and
incorporated into the fabric of its being, or in the way that the
living cell has the potential to grow and reproduce"? When a
student with a vague tone of triumph parries my question with the
reply, "Neither of those ways," I like to say in a vaguely quizzical
tone, "Okay, in what way, then?"
In what way, then, are the books alive for us and enlivening of our
conversation? If they cannot listen to us or reply to what we ask,
how can they dialogue with us or we with them? Sometimes in
Don Rags or paper conferences I suggest that a student think of
the book or author as a dialogue partner and speak to it as to a
fellow conversant rather than about it as an object of discussion.
But this way of imagining our relation to the books is at best a
heuristic device for turning attention away from conventional
opinions about the books to the books themselves and the things
themselves the books are talking about. Truth is, the books talk to
us only so far as we make them talk to us.
After all, is it not only by our selecting out parts of the text and
framing them with our own questions or remarks about them that
the books come alive for us and become enlivening of our
conversations? Likewise, is it not only by bringing our readings of
the texts to bear on the things themselves, as well as the things
themselves to bear on the text, that we attain to any true being? If
the books are imitations of living speech and thought, then they
are at best stilllife models of living things. They are not the things

�themselves we want to understand, let alone sources of the things
themselves. If mistaken as objects of contemplation, our models
become idols commanding reverence rather than paradigms
pointing to originals. A fascination with models is little better than
a fascination with shadows.
So what keeps our Seminar conversations about great books
from being mere shadows of models of things? What keeps the
walls of our seminar rooms from being our cave walls? Is it the
aim of our seminar conversations to turn away from all shadows
and ascend from our textual models of things to the things
themselves? Here again I am given pause before seeming piety.
First of all, I see that the books we read are hardly in accord with
one another in what they say about things themselves: if the
reading list is a collection of models, it is a very motley collection;
and if of seeds, then our seminar gardens would grow into
impassible thickets. Furthermore, I see that neither our texts nor
our conversations do away with shadows in the sense of images.
After Jesus tells his parable of the sower, his disciples ask him
why he speaks in parables. He replies, "[B]ecause they look but
do not see; they listen, but do not hear or understand." Is this why
our authors speak to us in parables? Why answer the question
about justice with fashioning a city in speech that might never be,
or a state of nature that need never have been? Why fashion
images of an inferno, or of a paradise lost, or of a brave new
world or a brave new consciousness? Why do our models offer us
images? Are their images a way of putting questions to us about
the things themselves? Images select out perceptible
characteristics of beings and arrange them into a kind of icon of
natures perceivable only by understanding. They speak to us only
in relation to the thing and its nature; without the thing, they are
dumb idols.

�The books cannot ask opening questions. A seminar leader asks
an opening question, but I can personally testify that he has no
control over where it may lead. So who leads Seminar? I am
tempted piously to take up Socrates' suggestion that we follow the
logos wherever it leads us. However, is not this leading logos
itself but an image? Am I supposed to believe that although no
single member of the conversation leads it, the conversation as
some sort of collective being or emergent phenomenon has a
motion and direction of its own? I for one cannot believe this of
logos in the sense of human speech. Logos in the sense of
speech is but an image of logos in the sense of thought. So the
question becomes for me, Can our thoughts lead us? Do our
thoughts have motions and directions of their own for us to
follow? Well, I can believe that my own act of thinking is a kind of
motion capable of a kind of direction—to speak in images—but it
doesn't seem quite right to say that my thought leads itself,
especially when it is an inquiring thought about an existing nature.
But there is also logos in the sense of reason, reason both in
those thinking and in the things they are thinking about. My
reasoning is led by a desire to find out reasons why things are as
they are. The reason why a thing is as it is has left its trace and
trail in its effects, its image as it were in the thing. This reason in
the thing is at once the source of its intelligibility for me and the
source of my understanding it. Like a great book, a Seminar
conversation in pursuit of the reasons why beings are as they are
is enlivened by the life of the things it pursues. A conversation
that stops at the text of the great book stops at a dead letter—its
enlivening spirit comes only from a living nature. A great book is a
model of live inquiry—it knows how to question an existing thing
about its nature and how to understand the wordless reply.
When his disciples ask Jesus to explain the imagery of his
parable of the sower, he replies as follows:

�The seed along the path is the man who hears the message
about God's reign without understanding it. The evil one
approaches him to steal away what was sown in his mind. The
seed that fell on patches of rock is the man who hears the
message and at first receives it with joy. But he has no roots, so
he lasts only for a time. When some setback or persecution
involving the message occurs, he soon falters. What was sown
among briers is the man who hears the message, but then worldly
anxiety and the lure of money choke it off. Such a one produces
no yield. But what was sown on good soil is the man who hears
the message and takes it in. He it is who bears a yield of a
hundred- or sixty- or thirtyfold.
It is interesting to me that Jesus identifies the various seeds not
simply with the message spoken but with the kinds of hearer. The
message spoken is one; it becomes many in the many hearers.
The seed fallen on the path is an image of a hearer who does not
understand the message he heard. What stands in the way of his
understanding it? It is the not the evil one. The evil one does not
interfere with the sowing of the seed, but approaches afterward
and can steal it away because of the hearer's not understanding.
What prevents the hearer's understanding what he hears? What
is it we are not doing when we do not understand what we are
hearing?
The seed fallen on rock patches is yet another sort of hearer; he
receives what he hears with enthusiasm but then loses heart
when he confronts some setback or persecution. [Remind anyone
of Seminar?] I wonder, does this enthusiastic hearer understand
what he hears? Is his problem that his understanding proves
ineffectual, or that his enthusiasm does not come from
understanding? The parable says that he lacks roots. Of what are
roots an image? After reading a book or hearing a conversation
with enthusiasm, what do I need to do to set down roots?

�The third sort of hearer germinates the seed he takes in and
generates roots, but fruitlessly, because worldly care and
concupiscence choke what begins to grow in him. The briers
seem like an environmental problem, but care and desire do not
seem to me external things. They are relations to external things,
but their source is internal. Although it may seem to this man that
he is choked from without, it seems to me that he chokes on the
cares and desires within him. Take care what you care about.
Jesus says that the one who yields abundant fruit in due season
is the hearer who both hears the message and takes it in. This
hearer is good soil. Does his taking in what he hears signify even
more than merely understanding it? Unlike the first sort of hearer,
both the hearer that withers and the hearer that chokes at first
understand what they hear. Does this fourth sort of hearer not
merely understand what he hears but make the seed his own by
cultivating it? What makes him good soil for nourishing seed?
What seemingly wasted labor makes good compost for good soil
to bring forth fruit from seed in due season?
In your work here at the College, much seed has been sown in
you, of sundry sorts. Only time will tell which you have taken in,
which you will choose to cultivate, and which will bear fruit in due
season. Although you are returning to a world beset with thieves,
persecutors, and cares, I think the real dangers to your not
bearing fruit are within. If you take care always to sow good seed
in good soil, an enemy may well come by night and sow bad seed
among your good, but the prudent farmer will allow his wheat to
mature amid the weeds, patiently waiting for the harvest time to
gather all in and separate weeds from wheat and chaff from grain.
It seems to me that in the end we are the sowers of our own
souls, when we with enthusiasm take in what we understand and
nurture it with patience, even amid weeds. For a thought to
become mine, I must conceive, generate, and cultivate it within

�myself. A thought on its own is a lifeless form of thinking; it
requires a live act of thinking to come to life. The form can be
common to many; the living act must be each one's own.
Let me conclude these reflections with a prophetic admonition: if
you continue to think for yourself, to probe and to ask why, verily I
say unto you, you will suffer setbacks and persecutions. But I
believe that the kingdom you should care about most is within
you, and it is the place where understanding may yield such fruits
of justice and happiness as are possible for us in a world beset
with injustice and unhappiness. To quote the daemon of the
place, "In heaven perhaps a pattern is laid up for the human being
who wants to see and found a city within himself on the basis of
what he sees."
And who knows when the heavenly logos might come down
among us, and speak to us in parables that require us not only to
listen but to hear, not only to look but to see, if we are to
understand?
Thank you again for inviting me to give this commencement
address. My very best wishes for your going forth from us back
into the world.
John Tomarchio

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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

SIJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • SANTA FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST FIFTEENTH
Two THOUSAND AND EIGHT

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
PROGRAM
ASHLEY MARIE CHANDLER

Concord, North Carolina

JACLYN VIGH HUTCHINSON

FOR THE TWENTY-NINTH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

Cleveland, Ohio

BRIANNE HAGAN LEITH
ANDREW MICHAEL QUINN
ACADEMIC PROCESSION

Annapolis, Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Okemos, Michigan

MICHAEL SHAWN WOODS
WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

LUKE ANDREAS SCHROEDER

Clinton, Maryland

MARILYN D.HIGUERA
Director of the Graduate Institute

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

JOHN VERDI
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College

DIRECTOR HIGUERA

PRIZE
ACADEMIC RECESSION

To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Alumni Association of St. John's College.
ELIZABETH NORWOOD FIFIELD

HONORABLE MENTION
LUCILE SPRUNT WOOD
Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1842&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1852&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1856-1857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1870&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

STJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • SANTA FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST TENTH
Two THOUSAND AND SEVEN

�MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE

PROGRAM
FOR THE TWENTY-EIGHTH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

JOAN E. SILVER
Director of the Graduate Institute
PETER KALKAVAGE
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College
DIRECTOR SILVER

KEITH RYAN FINDLAY
CANDICE MARIE GIBSON
THOMAS JOE GREENE
KAREN ASTERINO IMLER
PETER SCOTT LUND*
MIRIAM REBEKAH MARTIN
LISA MARIE McGovERN
RORY EUGENE MCKNIGHT, JR.
AMANDA RENEE MOON
CHRISTOPHER JAMES MOORE
JOSEPH THOMAS O'CONNELL
ALEXANDRE NADER PRIOU
STARLET LESLIE SHOUP
PAUL SNAITH
THOMAS HOWARD SOEHL
ADRIAN SOTELA
CAMILLE LEANN STALLINGS

Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania
Mount Jackson, Virginia
Canton, Ohio
Arlington, Virginia
Erie, Pennsylvania
Nashville, Tennessee
Laurel, Maryland
Bakersfield, California
Concordia, Kansas
Annandale, Virginia
Norwood Park, Chicago, Illinois
Stamford, Connecticut
Redding, California
Arlington, Virginia
Bethesda, Maryland
Germantown, Maryland
Meridian, Idaho
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Duncanville, Texas
Seattle, Washington

ABIGAIL FOOTE THOMAS
ROBERT DANIEL THOMAS
AVERY JACOB WISCOMB
upon completion of requirements

ACADEMIC RECESSION

PRIZE
To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Aumni Association of St. John's College.
Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

AMANDA RENEE MOON
"The Righteous Violence of Augustine's City of God "

�</text>
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&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

STJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • S A N T A FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST ELEVENTH
Two THOUSAND AND Six

�PROGRAM
FOR THE TWENTY-SEVENTH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

ACADEMIC PROCESSION

WELCOME AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRIZE

JOAN E. SILVER
Director of the Graduate Institute

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

JOSEPH SMITH
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College

MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
ROBERT TAKASHI DEVINE
GRAHAM SPALDING DOWER
KEVIN THOMAS MULLALLY
BENJAMIN EUGENE NORQUIST
DARREN ANTHONY RUDHAM
STEPHECA MYEACE SAWYER
JOHN RUSSELL SHELLEY
DOROTHY KNOWLTON SNOWDER
KATHLEEN MARIE SNYDER
HOLLIS WILLIAM THOMS
ROBERT CHRISTOPHER THORNETT
KELLY KEENAN TRUMPBOUR
JOHN CHAPMAN ZELEZEN
MICHAEL CHRISTIAN ZITO

Lakewood, California
Bethesda, Maryland
Atlanta, Georgia
Hudson, Wisconsin
Baltimore, Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Dayton, Tennessee
Beltsville, Maryland
Eldersburg, Maryland
Edgewater, Maryland
Fairfax, Virginia
Parkton, Maryland
Crofton, Maryland
Annapolis, Maryland

DIRECTOR SILVER

ACADEMIC RECESSION

PRIZE
To the student who has written the best tutorial essay.
Offered by the Aumni Association of St. John's College.
KEVIN THOMAS MULLALLY

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

For his tutorial essay on
"We are Mocked with Art: Hermione 's Statue in
Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale "

�</text>
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                    <text>GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN
LIBERAL EDUCATION

STJOHN'S
College
A N N A P O L I S • SANTA FE

COMMENCEMENT
EXERCISES
ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND

FRIDAY, AUGUST FIFTH
Two THOUSAND AND FIVE

�PROGRAM
FOR THE TWENTY-SIXTH SUMMER COMMENCEMENT
ON THE ANNAPOLIS CAMPUS
OF THE GRADUATE INSTITUTE IN LIBERAL EDUCATION

MASTER OF ARTS IN LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
ACADEMIC PROCESSION

PATRICIA MARIA BARRY
MARY FRANCES BOWES
JOAN E. SILVER
Director of the Graduate Institute

WELCOME

ADDRESS TO THE GRADUATING CLASS

CONFERRING OF DEGREES

WALTER STERLING
Tutor
CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON
President of the College

CHRISTOPHER PATRICK DEMANSS
CYNTHIA ANN GRADY
JOSEPH MICHAEL KEATING
MAGDALENA Rocio KRAUSE
KEVIN DANIEL MACALUSO
JARED JEREMY ORTIZ
JAMES ANDREW PATTON
CLAYTON PATRICK RICHARDSON
ROBERT FERGUSON SEARLE
MELANIE LAURA SHEETS
SARAH HEUCK SINCLAIR

ACADEMIC RECESSION

Baltimore, Maryland
Bethesda, Maryland
Bayport, Minnesota
Kensington, Maryland
Annapolis, Maryland
Hopewell Junction, New York
Nashville, Tennessee
Bardstown, Kentucky
Wolcott, New York
Eldersburg, Maryland
Miles City, Montana

BRANDON EVAN SPUN

Great Neck, New York

LLOYD THORNBURG
SARA MARIE Vo

Santa Fe, New Mexico
Baltimore, Maryland

BRYAN GRIMES WILLIAMS III
ELIZABETH ASHLEY ZERON

Reception for Graduates, Faculty, Alumni, and Guests
immediately following the ceremony.

Sandwich, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Leonardtown, Maryland

Raleigh, North Carolina
Elkton, Maryland

�</text>
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1796&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1835-1836&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1842&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1852&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1856-1857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1870&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1878&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1880&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1890&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1893&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1895&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1897&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1907&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1910-1918&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1920-1924&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1928-1929&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1932&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1936-1937&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1939-1945&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1947-present  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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